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Showing papers on "Polycarbonate published in 1980"


Book
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of interfacial agents in polymer blending is discussed, and a model for Elastic Modulus of Two-Component Polymer Blends is presented.
Abstract: Recent Advances in Interpenetrating Polymer Networks.- Adhesion between Polymers.- Principles and Technologies of Polymer Blending.- The Role of Interfacial Agents in Polymer Blends.- Morphology, Crystallization and Melting Behaviour of Thin Films of Isotactic Polypropylene Blended with Several Rubbers.- Properties of Poly(Ethylene Oxide) / Poly(Methylmethacrylate) Blends: Morphology, Crystallization and Melting Behaviour.- Suspension Model for Elastic Modulus of Two-Component Polymer Blends.- Compatibility of PVC-Polymethacrylate Systems.- Linear Polyethylene/Polypropylene/Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer Ternary Blends: I. Relationship Between Impact Properties and Morphology.- Linear Polyethylene/Polypropylene/Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer Ternary Blends: II. Relationship Between Mechanical Properties and Morphology.- Formation of EDA Complexes in Polymer Mixtures.- Electrical Properties of Polypropylyne-Polycarbonate Blends.- New Conductive Polymeric Composites.- Anisotropy of Electrical Conductivity in Films of Polycarbonate with CT Complex Obtained by Zone Solidification.- The Influence of Interfacial Grafting on the Properties of Elastomer - Plastomer Mixtures.- Synthesis and Characterization of Interfacial Agents to be used in Polyamide 6/Rubber Blends.- A Mechanical Study of Polyethylene-Glass Beads Adhesion.- The Structure and Tensile Properties of Cold Drawn Modified Chalk Filled Polypropylene.- Composite Membranes Containing Liquid Crystals - Some Thermal and Mechanical Properties.- Structure and Properties of Two-Component Membranes Made of Ionic/Nonionic Polymers with Gradient Content of an Ionic Component.- "Multicomponent" Segmented Polyester Systems Containing Mesogenic Residues.

101 citations


Patent
10 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, a process for providing a uniformly and tenaciously adhered abrasion resistant and chemical resistant non-opaque coating on polycarbonate articles is described. But, the process is not suitable for the use of polycarbonates in the manufacturing process, as it requires a poly-carbonate substrate having a primer layer comprised of a thermoplastic acrylic polymer and a thermoset silica filled organopolysiloxane top coat.
Abstract: A process, and the article produced thereby, for providing a uniformly and tenaciously adhered abrasion resistant and chemical resistant non-opaque coating on polycarbonate articles. The process comprises priming the surface of the polycarbonate article with an adhesion promoting thermoplastic acrylic polymer by forming a thin film of said thermoplastic acrylic polymer on the surface of the polycarbonate article, applying a silica filled organopolysiloxane coating composition onto the primed polycarbonate article, and thereafter curing the silica filled organopolysiloxane to form a hard, abrasion and chemical solvent resistant top coat which is tenaciously adhered to the polycarbonate article. The non-opaque coated polycarbonate article produced by this process comprises a polycarbonate substrate having (i) a primer layer comprised of a thermoplastic acrylic polymer, and (ii) a thermoset silica filled organopolysiloxane top coat.

98 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
M.L. Chu1
TL;DR: In this paper, the importance of oxygen uptake in the photo-ageing of polycarbonate was studied using a variety of uv light sources, including sunlight, and it was shown that photo-oxidation is a more important reaction pathway in poly-carbonate photo-aging than photo-Fries reaction.

82 citations


Patent
14 Mar 1980
TL;DR: In this article, a blend of polycarbonate resin and an acrylic rubber interpolymer composite was used to improve the impact performance of impact-resistant polyurethane composite.
Abstract: Polycarbonates having improved impact performance are provided, comprising a blend of polycarbonate resin and an acrylic rubber interpolymer composite.

70 citations



Patent
09 Jun 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, a coating on the surface of polycarbonate resins is used to stabilize against the adverse influence of UV light by incorporating either directly into the resin or by means of a coating, an effective amount of dicyano stabilizer.
Abstract: Polycarbonate resins can be stabilized against the adverse influence of UV light by incorporating either directly into the resin or by means of a coating on the surface of the polycarbonate resin, an effective amount of a dicyano stabilizer.

54 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
C. A. Pryde1, M. Y. Hellman1
TL;DR: In this paper, a non-hydrolytically stabilized bisphenol-A polycarbonate was hydrolyzed at 125°C and 1.4 atm of steam.
Abstract: Solid samples of a nonhydrolytically stabilized bisphenol-A polycarbonate were hydrolyzed at 125°C and 1.4 atm of steam. IR and UV techniques were used both to estimate the degree to which the unhydrolyzed polymer is capped by a chain-terminating agent and to determine the rate of hydrolysis as indicated by the formation of new phenolic end groups. The rate of formation of low-molecular-weight products, particularly bisphenol-A, was estimated by gel permeation chromatography studies. The combined results suggest that the degree of end-group capping is an important factor in the hydrolytic stability of the solid polymer. A model consistent with these results is proposed.

51 citations


Patent
16 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, a polycarbonate composition having improved barrier properties, such as low water vapor transmission and low gas permeability, was obtained by employing selected mono-and di-alkyl substituted monomers.
Abstract: Polycarbonate compositions having improved barrier properties; i.e., low water vapor transmission and low gas permeability, are obtained by employing selected mono- and di-alkyl substituted monomers.

45 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the through-thickness birefringent patterns of PMMA and polycarbonate are measured as a function of thickness, cooling rate, and annealing time.
Abstract: The through-thickness birefringent patterns (nx – nz) of PMMA and polycarbonate (PC) are measured as a function of thickness, cooling rate, and annealing time. A method is demonstrated for separating the elastic stress from the residual birefringence. The residual birefringence is explained as the residual orientation induced when cooling through the galss transition. The shape of the elastic (tempering) stress distribution is apparently independent of the cooling rate and annealing time, the choice of polymer, and the sheet thickness. The magnitude of the tempering stres is dependent on cooling rate but nearly independent of choice of polymer and sheet thickness. The decays of both the tempering stress and the residual orientation are measured as a function of annealing time at 120°C for polycarbonate. The measured birefringence decays only slightly; however, the elastic tempering stress reverts, on annealing, to permanent (anelastic) orientational strain. The tempering stress at the sheet surface is not an adequate criterion for defining toughness in polycarbonate.

40 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Sorption isotherms in the region of low relative pressures have been determined at several temperatures for methane, propane, and chlorodifluoromethane in polystyrene and for propane in bisphenol-A polycarbonate and poly(vinylacetate) as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Sorption isotherms in the region of low relative pressures have been determined at several temperatures for methane, propane, and chlorodifluoromethane in polystyrene and for propane in bisphenol-A polycarbonate and poly(vinylacetate) The results are well represented by the isotherm equation of Dual Sorption Theory as applied to glassy polymers The temperature dependence of the isotherm parameters is examined and discussed; the Langmuir component to sorption decreases as the glass transition temperature is approached and measurements with poly(vinylacetate) confirm that this component is absent above the transition Average diffusion coefficients were obtained from sorption (desorption) rate curves at constant pressure for propane in polystyrene and polycarbonate and a procedure developed for their analysis to yield the diffusion coefficients of the two sorbed species of penetrant For the polycarbonate there is evidence of mobility in that fraction of the penetrant: population exhibiting Langmuir-type sorption

38 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the intensity of the glass transition in semicrystalline polycarbonate was measured by differential scanning calorimetry and by thermally stimulated discharge of electrets.
Abstract: The intensity of the glass transition in semicrystalline polycarbonate was measured by differential scanning calorimetry and by thermally stimulated discharge of electrets. Solution-cast and bulk-crystallized samples possessing widely varying crystallinities and morphologies were investigated. It is shown that the intensity of the glass transition is governed by the extent of primary crystallization and is a linear combination of intensities from the bulk amorphous regions and from noncrystalline polymer within semicrystalline aggregates such as spherulites. The intensity of the glass transition within spherulites is about 0.1–0.3 as great as that in bulk amorphous regions. A three-phase model incorporating two distinct types of noncrystalline polycarbonate is proposed to account for the properties of this polymer.

Patent
26 Sep 1980
TL;DR: In this article, an ABA-type block copolymer where the A segments are poly(methyl methacrylate) and the B segment is polycarbonate is modified to have improved impact resistance.
Abstract: Poly(methyl methacrylate) is modified to have improved impact resistance by forming an ABA-type block copolymer where the A segments are poly(methyl methacrylate) and the B segment is polycarbonate. The ABA block copolymer is moldable, transparent and has a number average molecular weight (Mn) in the range of from about 15,000 to 100,000.


Patent
20 May 1980
TL;DR: An abrasion, scratch, mar and solvent resistant glass coated non-opaque shaped polycarbonate article comprising a poly-carbonate substrate having deposited on the surface thereof, an intermediate primer layer containing the photoreaction products of certain polyfunctional acrylic monomers; and a top layer of vapor deposited glass.
Abstract: An abrasion, scratch, mar and solvent resistant glass coated non-opaque shaped polycarbonate article comprising a polycarbonate substrate having deposited on the surface thereof (i) an intermediate primer layer containing the photoreaction products of certain polyfunctional acrylic monomers; and (ii) a top layer of vapor deposited glass

Patent
09 Jul 1980
TL;DR: In this article, a thermoplastic resin composition excellent in heat cycle property which comprises 100 parts by weight of a polycarbonate resin blended or not with an ABS type resin in an amount of not more than 95% by weight is presented.
Abstract: A thermoplastic resin composition excellent in heat cycle property which comprises 100 parts by weight of a polycarbonate resin blended or not with an ABS type resin in an amount of not more than 95% by weight based on the combined weight of the polycarbonate resin and the ABS type resin and 0.05 to 3.0 parts by weight of an organo-silicon compound.

Patent
Ta-Yen Ching1
17 Mar 1980
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that polycarbonate resins can be rendered resistant to ultraviolet light by chain-stopping the resins with certain cyanoacrylate moieties.
Abstract: Polycarbonate resins can be rendered resistant to ultraviolet light by chain-stopping the resins with certain cyanoacrylate moieties.

Patent
03 Jun 1980
TL;DR: A glass-polycarbonate laminate wherein the glass layer is bonded to a polycarbonate layer by means of a bonding system comprised of an aminoalkyl(poly(aryloxysiloxane)) primer and an organopolysiloxane-poly carbonate block copolymer bonding agent is described in this paper.
Abstract: A glass-polycarbonate laminate wherein the glass layer is bonded to a polycarbonate layer by means of a bonding system comprised of an aminoalkyl(poly(aryloxysiloxane))primer and an organopolysiloxane-polycarbonate block copolymer bonding agent.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the dynamic fracture and crack-arrest responses of a modified compact-tension specimen machined from Homalite-100 and polycarbonate sheets were studied by dynamic photoelasticity, dynamic finite-element analysis and streaking photography.
Abstract: The dynamic fracture and crack-arrest responses of a modified compact-tension specimen (M-CT) machined from Homalite-100 and polycarbonate sheets were studied by dynamic photoelasticity, dynamic finite-element analysis and streaking photography. In contrast to some of the published results involving steel M-CT specimens, substantial dynamic effects were observed during rapid crack propagation in the Homalite-100 and polycarbonate M-CT specimens. The dynamic crack-arrest toughnesses.K 1a , were relatively constant and were about 80 percent and 50 percent of the corresponding fracture toughness,K 1c , of Homalite-100 and polycarbonate, respectively.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the existence of high molecular weight cyclic polycarbonates was confirmed by a controlled saponification reaction using piperidine as a basic compound, which caused an increase in the number of end groups of up to 2 end groups per molecule.
Abstract: Interfacial condensation polymerization of bischloroformates of bisphenol A with bisphenol A results in the formation of cyclic aromatic polycarbonates of high molecular weight. Products made by this technique show a significant reduction (up to 95%) in their end group content. Also, in comparison to molecular weights determined by light scattering, these products show markedly lower molecular weights by solution viscocity measurements and by applying the Mark-Houwink equation for linear polycarbonates. The existence of high molecular weight cyclic polycarbonates is confirmed by a controlled saponification reaction using piperidine as a basic compound. The saponification reaction causes nearly no change in the number average molecular weight of the polymer and causes an increase in the number of end groups of up to 2 end groups per molecule. The observed increase in the intrinsic viscosity data is similar to what would be expected from linear polycarbonates. It is shown that cyclic polycarbonates with molecular weights exceeding 100 000 are easily obtained.

Patent
26 Sep 1980
TL;DR: A polycarbonate such as a bisphenol resists combustion upon exposure to a low temperature ignition source as discussed by the authors, and a homopolycarbonate containing amounts of a metal salt of perfluoroborate and an organosilane, such as glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane.
Abstract: A polycarbonate such as a bisphenol-A homopolycarbonate containing amounts of a metal salt of perfluoroborate, e.g., the potassium salt of perfluoroborate and an organosilane, e.g., glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, resists combustion upon exposure to a low temperature ignition source.

Patent
15 Oct 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, flame-retardant thermoplastic molding compositions having improved physical and electrical arc track resistant properties are provided, the compositions comprising an intimate admixture of a high molecular weight poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) homo- or co-polyester, a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate in combination with an aromatic polycarbonate; poly(ethylene terethusate); or reinforcing glass; a flame retardant agent; and a mineral filler.
Abstract: Flame-retardant thermoplastic molding compositions having improved physical and electrical arc track resistant properties are provided, the compositions comprising an intimate admixture of (a) a high molecular weight poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) homo- or co-polyester, (b)(i) a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate in combination with an aromatic polycarbonate; (ii) poly(ethylene terephthalate); or (iii) reinforcing glass; (c) a flame retardant agent; and (d) a mineral filler.

Patent
11 Aug 1980
TL;DR: In this article, a random distribution mixture of polycarbonate type nonionic surfactant compositions comprising monohydroxy alcohols capped with poly-carbonate groups is presented. But the surfactants formed are a random distributed mixture of compositions wherein 2 to 20 moles of ethylene carbonate and 3 to 50 moles polyethylene oxide per mole of the alcohols are reacted together.
Abstract: Polycarbonate type nonionic surfactant compositions comprising monohydroxy alcohols capped with polycarbonate groups. More specifically, the surfactant compositions comprise aliphatic, nonaromatic cycloaliphatic or aromatic alcohols which have been capped with block polycarbonate groups formed by the reaction of the alcohols with ethylene carbonate in the presence of an alkali metal salt catalyst. The surfactant properties of the compositions may be varied by first reacting the alcohols with ethylene oxide to form a block polyether group cap on the alcohols before the reaction with ethylene carbonate or by further reacting the polycarbonate capped alcohols with ethylene oxide to form a terminal polyether block group. The surfactants formed are a random distribution mixture of compositions wherein 2 to 20 moles of ethylene carbonate and 3 to 50 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of the alcohols are reacted together.

Patent
07 Feb 1980
TL;DR: In this article, a flame retardant polycarbonate composition is presented, consisting of a poly-carbonate resin, perfluoroalkane sulfonate salt and a halogenated aromatic anhydride.
Abstract: A flame retardant polycarbonate composition is comprised of a polycarbonate resin, perfluoroalkane sulfonate salt and a halogenated aromatic anhydride.

Patent
08 Feb 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, a molding material not causing lamellar release of molded article, having improved mechanical properties, wear resistance, chemical resistance, and heat resistance, was obtained by blending a copolymer containing an imide compound of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid with polyamide and a thermoplastic resin.
Abstract: PURPOSE: A molding material not causing lamellar release of molded article, having improved mechanical properties, wear resistance, chemical resistance, and heat resistance, obtained by blending a copolymer containing an imide compound of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid with polyamide and a thermoplastic resin. CONSTITUTION: (A) A copolymer (preferably a styrenic or an unsaturated carboxylic acid ester copolymer) containing 1W30mol% imide compound of α,β-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid as a copolymer component is blended with (B) a polyamide, especially one having a molecular weight of 15,000W40,000 and (C) a thermoplastic resin (e.g., styrenic resin, or polycarbonate resin) as a third component under sufficient shear stress at 220W330°C in a molten state. In the amounts of the components, the amount of the copolymer obtained by the high polymer reaction of the component A and the component B is an amount wherein it is dispersed as particles having diameters ≤15μ into the composition (the amount of the copolymer is ≥10wt%), the amount of the component A is 5W 70wt%, that of the component B is 5W80wt% and that of the component C is 10W90wt%. COPYRIGHT: (C)1983,JPO&Japio

Book ChapterDOI
T.A. Gruhn, W.K. Li, E.V. Benton1, R.M. Cassou1, C.S. Johnson1 
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: The mode of degradation of the thermoset plastic CR-39 by hydroxides has been determined and its etching behavior is compared to another polycarbonate, Lexan.
Abstract: The mode of degradation of the thermoset plastic CR-39 by hydroxides has been determined and its etching behavior is compared to another polycarbonate, Lexan. Both plastics degrade via cleavage of the carbonate ester linkage by the hydroxide ion to produce the carbonate ion and various organic etch products. In the case of CR-39, the major organic products are 2,2′-oxydiethanol and poly(allyl alcohol). The former is extensively soluble and exhibits an enhancement of the bulk etch rate with increasing concentration. Poly(allyl alcohol), PAA, has a limited solubility and separates as a sticky oil from saturated baths. It can accumulate on the surface of the plastic at high hydroxide concentrations or inside long narrow tracks thus hindering further etching. PAA is unique in that it is a polymeric etch product. Its molecular weight distribution, which would influence its solubility behavior, is dependent on the degree and uniformity of polymerization of the CR-39 monomer. By contrast, the principal product from Lexan is simply the anion of bisphenol A (4,4′-isopropyli-denediphenol). The concentration dependence of the bulk etch rate of these polycarbonates for various hydroxides in aqueous and mixed aqueous/organic solvents can be understood in terms of a solvation model for the hydroxide ion. The aqueous data correlate well with the assumption that the rate determining step involves the unhydrated hydroxide ion. The concentration of this species increases as the concentration of “free water” (water molecules which are not strongly bound to other species) decreases. Addition of organic solvents which do not solvate the hydroxide ion, but can bind to water molecules, results in a marked increase in etch rates. It has been found that maintaining CR-39 at elevated temperatures (70−80°) in oxygen environments for several days or more causes a gradual but significant increase in bulk etch rate. The extent and nature of this apparent degradation is under study. Consequently, etchants have been sought which will allow the use of lower temperatures or at least shorter times.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the γ-radiation effects on a commercial polycarbonate have been observed through rheological measurements, performed both on solutions and on the bulk polymer, and through dynamic-mechanical tests.


Patent
26 Apr 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, the compositions of thermoplastic, aromatic polycarbonates, an organic halogen compound, an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt of an inorganic protonic acid, having at least one carbon atom, and a substance which reduces the tendency of polycarbonate to drip are characterized.
Abstract: The compositions comprise a) thermoplastic, aromatic polycarbonates, b) an organic halogen compound, c) an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt of an inorganic protonic acid and/or of an inorganic Bronsted acid having at least one carbon atom, d) a substance which reduces the tendency of polycarbonate to drip, and are characterised in that they contain e) a further thermoplastic which has a limiting elongation epsilon max of at least 1.4%.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a block copolymer with polydimethyl-siloxane as the soft segment and various thermoplastics such as poly(α-methylstyrene), polystyrene, and polysulfone as the hard segment, has been synthesized and studied.
Abstract: Block copolymers composed of hard and soft segments form an interesting class of materials ranging from thermoplastics to thermoplastic elastomers depending on their composition and/or the size of segments. These materials have attracted much attention in the past decade because by careful tailoring, polymers of desired properties can be obtained. Yet they are thermoplastic in nature and can be processed and even reprocessed thermally. Among the common elastomers that can be used as the soft segment in a block copolymer, polydimethyl-siloxane is of special interest due to its great thermal stability at elevated temperatures and high flexibility at low temperatures. Block copolymers containing polydimethylsiloxane as the soft segment and various thermoplastics such as poly(α-methylstyrene), polystyrene, and polysulfone, etc., as the hard segment, have been synthesized and studied. A group of randomly alternating block copolymers of bisphenol-A polycarbonate and polydimethylsiloxane have also been ...