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Showing papers on "Polygonum published in 2017"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: High catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD) activities, and low malondialdehyde (MDA) production, with increasing culture scale, are revealed, which may indicate low-level oxidative damage to the cultures.
Abstract: Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. is an important medicinal plant that synthesizes an array of phenolic compounds. Its roots are used in a variety of pharmacological and cosmetic formulations, notably as hair dye. In the present study, the inoculum density (3–15 g/L) and culture period (1–7 weeks) were optimized in a 3 L bioreactor. High root biomass (14.18 g/L dry weight (DW)) was recorded with an inoculum of 7 g/L (p ≤ 0.05), which is consistent with the results for 5 and 10 g/L. However, significantly higher yield of bioactive compounds (53.87 mg/g DW total phenolics and 27.96 mg/g DW total flavonoids) with high free radical scavenging activity was obtained in root samples from 5 g/L inoculum density. A 4 week culture period was sufficient for optimum root growth and metabolite production. The optimized conditions were used for large-scale (5 and 20 L) and pilot-scale (500 L) studies. Considering that the continuous aeration of root cultures may lead to oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation also were studied. The results revealed high catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD) activities, and low malondialdehyde (MDA) production, with increasing culture scale (20 and 500 L), which may indicate low-level oxidative damage to the cultures. An optimal yield of 4.01 kg dry root biomass with 287.12 mg/L of total phenolic productivity was achieved in a 500 L pilot-scale bioreactor. This work can pave the way for commercial production of biomass and secondary metabolites at the industrial level, and meet the rising demand for natural ingredients, especially in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

33 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings suggest P. maritimum as a source of high-value health promoting commodities for alleviating symptoms associated with oxidative and inflammatory diseases, including diabetes.
Abstract: Context: Several Polygonum species (Polygonaceae) are used in traditional medicine in Asia, Europe and Africa to treat inflammation and diabetes.Objective: Evaluate the in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic potential of methanol and dichloromethane extracts of leaves and roots of the halophyte Polygonum maritimum L.Material and methods: Antioxidant activity was determined (up to 1 mg/mL) as radical-scavenging activity (RSA) of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), copper (CCA) and iron (ICA) chelating activities and iron reducing power (FRAP). NO production was measured in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages for 24 h at concentrations up to 100 μg/mL and antidiabetic potential was assessed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition (up to 10 mg/mL) assays. The phytochemical composition of the extracts was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results: The methanol leaf extract had the...

30 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
28 Feb 2017-PeerJ
TL;DR: This comprehensive transcriptome profile will serve as a useful sequence resource for molecular genetics and evolutionary research on secondary metabolite biosynthesis in Polygonaceae family.
Abstract: Background Polygonum minus is an herbal plant in the Polygonaceae family which is rich in ethnomedicinal plants. The chemical composition and characteristic pungent fragrance of Polygonum minus have been extensively studied due to its culinary and medicinal properties. There are only a few transcriptome sequences available for species from this important family of medicinal plants. The limited genetic information from the public expressed sequences tag (EST) library hinders further study on molecular mechanisms underlying secondary metabolite production. Methods In this study, we performed a hybrid assembly of 454 and Illumina sequencing reads from Polygonum minus root and leaf tissues, respectively, to generate a combined transcriptome library as a reference. Results A total of 34.37 million filtered and normalized reads were assembled into 188,735 transcripts with a total length of 136.67 Mbp. We performed a similarity search against all the publicly available genome sequences and found similarity matches for 163,200 (86.5%) of Polygonum minus transcripts, largely from Arabidopsis thaliana (58.9%). Transcript abundance in the leaf and root tissues were estimated and validated through RT-qPCR of seven selected transcripts involved in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids. All the transcripts were annotated against KEGG pathways to profile transcripts related to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Discussion This comprehensive transcriptome profile will serve as a useful sequence resource for molecular genetics and evolutionary research on secondary metabolite biosynthesis in Polygonaceae family. Transcriptome assembly of Polygonum minus can be accessed at http://prims.researchfrontier.org/index.php/dataset/transcriptome.

30 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In antimalarial, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, PPAR and cytotoxic assays, some compounds have demonstrated moderate inhibitory potentials.

26 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties of polygonum plus leaf extracts were reported through sequential extraction using four solvents of varying polarities.
Abstract: The present study reports the antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities of Polygonum minus leaf extracts obtained through sequential extraction using four solvents of varying polarities (i.e. h...

23 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel stilbene glucoside, polygonumnolide D, and a novel dianthrone glycoside,Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, were isolated from a 70% EtOH extract of the dried roots of Polygonum MultiflorumThunb together with six known compounds, which showed inhibitory activity against a-glucosidase.

23 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Both the standard MP and 3TA confirm that monophyletic Polygonum subsect.
Abstract: Recent molecular studies revealed the polyphyletic nature of the broadly defined genus Polygonum . This paper includes a standard maximum parsimony (MP) and three-taxon statement analyses (3TA) as well as a taxonomic revision of Polygonum sect. Avicularia subsect. Spinescentia (Polygonaceae) as compared with two closely related taxa: genus Atraphaxis s.s., and genus Bactria . In total, 27 characters, including life history, habit, morphology of the shoots, leaf blades, ocreas, perianth, achene, ultrasculpture of perianth and achene surfaces, as well as pollen morphology, were analyzed, illustrated, and discussed in detail. Both the standard MP and 3TA confirm that monophyletic Polygonum subsect. Spinescentia is sister to the narrowly defined Atraphaxis . The genus Persepolium ( Polygonum subsect. Spinescentia ), with the circumscription of five species, is established as new to science as a result of this study. Possible transformations of perianth and thyrse morphology are discussed within the framework of the Principle of variable proportions by Troll in connection with a shift of pollination mode in the group of taxa studied.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, four selected species of family Polygonaceae Juss. viz. Persicaria salicifolia (Brouss. ex W. ex Willd.) Assenov,Persicaria senegalensis (Meisn.) Sojak, Polygonum bellardii All.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
13 Apr 2017-Novon
TL;DR: The Whitney Bluff achenes are most similar to those of P. erectum, but differ from modern fruits of this species in three respects: fruits are larger, average pericarp thickness is reduced, and fruit dimorphism is greatly reduced, typical of domestication syndrome in annual seed crops.
Abstract: This paper provides a description of an extinct domesticated subspecies of erect knotweed (Polygonum erectum L.). Masses of erect knotweed achenes are often recovered from archaeological sites in eastern North America dating to ca. 3000–600 BP. Several paleoethnobotanical assemblages from the later part of this era (ca. 1000–600 BP) contain achenes that are outside the range of natural variation for erect knotweed. The most well preserved of these archaeological assemblages, a desiccated cache of achenes from the Whitney Bluff site, Arkansas (ca. 900 BP), is compared to four closely related species and subspecies of Polygonum L. The Whitney Bluff achenes are most similar to those of P. erectum, but differ from modern fruits of this species in three respects: (1) fruits are larger, (2) average pericarp thickness is reduced, and (3) fruit dimorphism is greatly reduced. These differences are typical of domestication syndrome in annual seed crops. The Whitney Bluff assemblage is described as the type specimen of a domesticated subspecies, P. erectum subsp. watsoniae N. G. Muell.

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To examine the ability of an extract from traditional Chinese medicine to protect melanocyte viability from oxidative stress, a key mechanism in the initiation and progression of hair greying is examined.
Abstract: Objective To examine the ability of an extract from traditional Chinese medicine, Polygonum multiflorum Radix, to protect melanocyte viability from oxidative stress, a key mechanism in the initiation and progression of hair greying. Methods To assess the antioxidant capacity of Polygonum multiflorum Radix extract, primary human foreskin melanocytes were treated with a commercially available Polygonum multiflorum Radix extract added to culture medium and exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), using intracellular reactive oxygen species concentrations and glutathione/protein ratios as endpoints. To improve solubility for cosmetic uses, a new Polygonum multiflorum Radix extract was derived. As hair graying is the consequence of melanocyte disappearance in an oxidative stress environment, we checked if the anti-oxidant capacity of the new Polygonum multiflorum Radix extract could preserve melanocyte viability in response to H2O2-induced oxidative stress, and preserve pigmentation within ex vivo human hair follicles. Results In vitro treatment of primary human foreskin melanocytes with traditional available Polygonum multiflorum Radix extract resulted in decreased intracellular ROS accumulation in response to H2O2 exposure with a concomitant preservation of glutathione to protein ratio, consistent with a protective response against H2O2 exposure and demonstrating the promise of this extract for protecting melanocytes against oxidative stress. Melanocytes treated with the improved Polygonum multiflorum Radix extract exhibited attenuated H2O2-induced cell death, demonstrating a clear cytoprotective effect. Treatment of ex vivo human hair follicles with the improved Polygonum multiflorum Radix extract resulted in a higher level of melanin compared to vehicle-treated controls, demonstrating an ex vivo protective effect on hair pigmentation. Conclusion Polygonum multiflorum Radix extract protects in vitro primary human foreskin melanocytes from the deleterious effects of H2O2-exposure and improves pigmentation within ex vivo human hair follicles, demonstrating the utility of Polygonum multiflorum Radix extract as a potential active ingredient for the protection of melanocytes against premature death. This data provides in vitro mechanistic evidence consistent with existing in vivo studies for the use of Polygonum multiflorum Radix extract as a strategy for the prevention of oxidative-stress induced hair greying, in line with traditional Polygonum multiflorum Radix uses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

12 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Twenty-two compounds 1–22 were obtained from petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts of aerial part of P. pubescens, including a new phenylpropanoide esters 1 and 21 known compounds, which were determined on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new hydroxyjasmonic acid derivative, named β-D-glucopyranosyl-12-hydroxy-12-(2″-hydroxyl-2″)-carboxyethyl)jasmonics acid (1), together with 13 known compounds, were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of the ethanol extract of Polygonum capitatum as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A new hydroxyjasmonic acid derivative, named β-D-glucopyranosyl-12-hydroxy-12-(2″-hydroxy-2″-carboxyethyl)jasmonic acid (1), together with 13 known compounds, were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of the ethanol extract of Polygonum capitatum. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis. Compounds 2, 8–10, and 12–14 were obtained from P. capitatum for the first time.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A brief revision of this genus in Iran is presented and the number of species for Polygonum L. sensu lato has been reduced to 25 species.
Abstract: The genus Polygonum L. sensu lato is revised based on articles, herbarium documents and field observations. In this article, a brief revision of this genus in Iran is presented. It was first described by Rechinger and Schiman-Czeika [1] for flora Iranica and has included up to 53 species. The last revision of this genus has been made by Mozaffarian [2], and the genus Polygonum L. sensu lato is divided into 3 genera (Polygonum L. sensu sticto, Bistorta Adans. and Persicaria Mill.). But in present study, according to our field observations and herbarium materials, the genus Polygonum L. sensu lato has to be separated into 5 different genera including Aconogonon (Meisn.) Rchb., Bistorta (L.) Scop., Fallopia Adans., Persicaria (L.) Mill., and Polygonum L. sensu stricto. The number of species for Polygonum L. sensu lato has been reduced to 25 species. For these 5 genera, new identification keys have been created.


Patent
20 Jun 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, a planting method for polygonum multiflorum root tubers is proposed, which includes the steps of land selection and preparation, cutting seedling-raising, transplanting and field management.
Abstract: The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and provides a planting method of polygonum multiflorum The planting method includes the steps of land selection and preparation, cutting seedling-raising, transplanting and field management, wherein the step of cutting seedling-raising includes the cutting treatment processes of selecting cuttings, shearing the cuttings to obtain cutting slips and staining the lower ends of the cutting slips with slurry, and a growth process observation device for polygonum multiflorum root tubers is used in the step of field management By means of the technical scheme, the actual growth process of polygonum multiflorum root tubers can be accurately observed, and thus targeted field management is conducted to improve the quality and the yield of polygonum multiflorum root tubers

Patent
17 Nov 2017
TL;DR: In this article, a planting method of polygonum capitatums is described, which specifically comprises the steps of first selecting sandy loam which is loose and good in water permeability and air permeability, wherein the pH value of the soil is 5-7.5, and the thickness of soil layer is above or equal to 30 cm; then carrying out land preparation, sowing and seedling-raising, seedling management, lifting of the seedlings and transplanting, and field management.
Abstract: The invention relates to a planting method of polygonum capitatums. The planting method specifically comprises the steps of firstly, selecting sandy loam which is loose and good in water permeability and air permeability, wherein the pH value of the soil is 5-7.5, and the thickness of the soil layer is above or equal to 30 cm; then carrying out land preparation, sowing and seedling-raising, seedling management, lifting of the seedlings and transplanting, and field management; finally, harvesting on sunny days selected from August to November, stopping applying any pesticide to the polygonum capitatum planting land 20 days before harvesting, and stopping irrigation 3 days before harvesting, wherein the polygonum capitatums are harvested by cutting all stem bases of the polygonum capitatums as well as old stem bases along furrows or rectangular pieces, soil is shaken off, and the harvested polygonum capitatums are dried in the sun on the spot. The planting method of the polygonum capitatums is concluded by the inventor on his own based on years of practice. The polygonum capitatums obtained through the method are high in both quality and yield, and not only meet quality requirements of a raw material acquiring firm, but also bring good economic benefits to planters.

Patent
03 Nov 2017
TL;DR: In this article, a polygonum multiflorum processing method adopting nine times steaming and nine times processing is presented, which is reasonable in design, the optical processing process is determined through experiment comparison, and the medicinal value of the polygonal multiflum is improved.
Abstract: The invention discloses a polygonum multiflorum processing technology method adopting nine times of steaming and nine times of processing. The method comprises the steps that 1, sorting is performed; 2, washing is performed; 3, cutting and drying are performed; 4, black beam juice is made; 6, the process of nine times of steaming and nine times of processing is executed; 6, processed polygonum multiflorum obtained in the previous step is stir-fried with small fire and sand; 7, plant oil is added in a pot, stir-frying is performed, and the polygonum multiflorum is taken out of the pot; 9, astaxanthin is added into liquid evaporated in the step 5 drop by drop, and stirring is performed under the condition of 55-80 DEG C for 20-35 minutes; 10, the processed polygonum multiflorum is added to the mixed liquid and is evenly stirred and mixed; 11, the mixture is dried under the temperature of 100-125 DEG C through evaporation to obtain mixed powder; 12, package is performed. The polygonum multiflorum processing technology method adopting nine times of steaming and nine times of processing is reasonable in design, the optical processing process is determined through experiment comparison, the medicinal value of the polygonum multiflorum is improved, and the economic benefits of enterprises is greatly increased.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, isoxazoline, pyrazole and bypyrimidine derivatives were synthesized from flavonoids, previously isolated from Polygonum senegalense and Psiadia panctulata, and assessed for their anti-fungal activity.
Abstract: Currently, researchers have given special attention to the synthesis of hetero­ cyclic compounds with nitrogen and oxygen five in five­ or six­membered ring systems. This is mainly due to their wide range of biological activities. Hence, in this study, isoxazoline, pyrazole and bypyrimidine derivatives were synthesized from flavonoids, previously isolated from Polygonum senegalense and Psiadia panctulata, and assessed for their anti­fungal activity. A flavone was reacted with hydrazine hydrate to afford a pyrazole analogue 5­methoxy­2­(5­(2,3,4,5­tetramethoxyphenyl)­1H­pyrazol­3­yl)benzene­1,3­ diol (1) Two isoxazoline derivatives namely, 2­(4,5­dihydro­5­phenylisoxazol­ 3­yl)­5­methoxybenzene­1,3­diol (2) and 2­(­4,5­dihydro­5­phenylisoxazol­ 3­yl)­3,5­dimethoxyphenol (3) were successfully synthesized by the reaction of chalcones with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. An oxime derivative (4) was also generated from a similar procedure. A reaction between a chalcone and thiourea gave a bypyrimidine derivative, 4,5­dihydro­6­(2,4­ dihydroxy­3,6­dimethoxyphenyl)­4­phenylpyrimidine­2­(1H)­thione (5). The products were then assessed for their anti­bacterial and anti­fungal activity. All compounds showed no significant activity except compound 2 that demonstrated activity against standard anti­bacterial agent, Streptococcus aureus with IC50 value of 7.56 and anti­fungal Candida neoformans, Candida krusei and Candida glabrata strains with IC50 values 8.01, 8.11 and 13.74 μg/mL respectively. We, therefore, recommend synthetic optimization of com­ pound 2 as a potential anti­microbial agent.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The result showed that highest reduction in hatchability of eggs, mortality on nymphs and adults was achieved by fish extract followed by P. hydropiper extract.
Abstract: Fish extract at 025, 05 and 1%, Polygonum hydropiper at 25, 5 and 75% and Azadirachtin-5% (Neemazal-F) were evaluated in the laboratory against red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner) to determine its effect on viability of eggs and mortality of adult and nymphs mites The result showed that highest reduction in hatchability of eggs of red spider mite was achieved by Fish extract 1% followed by Polygonum hydropiper extract 75% in both the periods of study Both fish extract 1% and Polygonum hydropiper extract 75% caused significant mortality on nymphs of red spider mite The potency of both fish extract 1% and Polygonum hydropiper extract 75% were observed on adult mortality of red spider mite upto the extent of 81-85% Highest reduction in hatchability of eggs, mortality on nymphs and adults was achieved by fish extract followed by P hydropiper extract


Patent
22 Dec 2017
TL;DR: In this article, a high-yield cultivation method for promoting the rapid rooting of polygonum multiflorum and related to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting is revealed. But the method is not suitable for large-scale applications.
Abstract: The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method for promoting the rapid rooting of polygonum multiflorum and relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting. The high-yield cultivation method comprises the following steps: 1) field selection; 2) soil preparation; 3) cuttage; 4) field management; 5) framework building; 6) pest control and prevention; and 7) harvesting. According to the high-yield cultivation method, soil preparation and ditching are adopted, a gravel layer, a rice straw layer, a fertilizer layer, a sandy soil layer and a loose soil layer are sequentially paved from bottom to top in a ditch, and cuttings of polygonum multiflorum are inserted into the fertilizer layer. By using the method, the rapid and stable rooting of the cuttings can be promoted, root branching is obvious, rapid massiveness formation can be realized within the year, and large massive polygonum multiflorum can be harvested within two years, so that the cultivation time of polygonum multiflorum is greatly shortened; and the cultivated polygonum multiflorum is large in volume, high in quality and yield and suitable for being planted on a large scale.

Patent
21 Aug 2017
TL;DR: In this article, a composition for reducing, preventing, and treating insomnia is proposed, which can reduce, prevent, and treat insomnia by comprising a mixed extract, as an active ingredient, which is composed of polygonum multiflorum, Poria cocos, Alisma orientale, and Polygonum multilayer.
Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for reducing, preventing and treating insomnia, which can reduce, prevent, and treat insomnia by comprising a mixed extract, as an active ingredient, which is composed of Polygonum multiflorum, Poria cocos, Alisma orientale, and Polygonum multiflorum. In addition, the composition of the present invention can be ingested in the form of food as the composition has no toxicity.

Journal ArticleDOI
Sz Ren, CL Yang, J Chen, N Wang, WQ Su, L Sheng, ZJ Ma, JH Lei 
TL;DR: Results showed that extracts from Polygonum hydropiper L exhibited significant protective effects against ethanol-induced AGML, and these are closely associated with antioxidant effect.
Abstract: Introduction: Free radicals and oxidative stress play a central role in the generation and development of acute gastric mucosal lesions (AGML). Traditional Chinese medicine has its unique effect in removing oxygen free radicals and reducing gastric mucosa injury. Polygonum hydropiper L is extensively used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treating gastrointestinal diseases in China, the reports shows that it possess various pharmacological activities, especially antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: This study was to investigate the protective effect of extracts from Polygonum hydropiper on experimentally-induced AGML in mice. Methods: The AGML mice model was induced by ethanol, Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were used to measure the antioxidant activity. The nitric monoxide (NO) and PGE2 contents were tested. Results: The findings demonstrated that the extracts enhanced the activities of antioxidative enzymes SOD and GSH-Px and decreased the level of MDA in the serum and gastric tissues. The higher-concentration extract (1.78 g kg) had higher antioxidative activities than the lower-concentration extract (0.89 g kg).Both extracts increased the production of PGE2and decreased the NO level in gastric tissues. In addition, oral administration of absolute ethanol to mice significantly produced extensive hemorrhagic lesions of gastric mucosa, whereas animals pretreated with extract or ranitidine significantly reduced the formation of gastric lesions compared to control group. The extract could decrease distinctly the acute gastric mucosal damage index compared to the model group. The high-dose extract treatment obviously reduced injuries in the gland region after administration of ethanol compared to the model group. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study showed that extracts from Polygonum hydropiper L exhibited significant protective effects against ethanol-induced AGML, and these are closely associated with antioxidant effect.

Journal ArticleDOI
15 Mar 2017
TL;DR: Pollen grains, fruit surface and petals and leaves epidermis features were used to provide diagnostic features in order to separate species from one another and showed that a selected set of these features to be of taxonomic importance.
Abstract: With 29 species in Iran, Polygonum L. is comprised of annual and perennial plants in different habitats. P. aviculare makes a species complex, hardly distinguished from P. arenastrum and P. patulum. In the present study, pollen grains, fruit surface and petals and leaves epidermis features were used to provide diagnostic features in order to separate species from one another. In Total, 33 populations of 6 annual species, including P. aviculare, P. arenastrum, P. patulum, P. argyrocoleon, P. polycnemoides and P. olivascens were studied. Specimens were gathered during field trips and studied by means of light and scanning electron microscopes. The Pollen grains of all the species which were studied were monad, subprolate or prolate spheroidal and tricolpate. Main differences were also observed in their surface ornamentations. Length of equatorial and polar axes and colpus, granules diameters and the average distance between granules were other diagnostic features of the pollen grains. Statistical analysis of epidermis features revealed that the length and width of epidermis cells and stomata length varied in the species studied. A close relationship was found between P. aviculare and P. arenastrum on the one hand and P. argyrocoleon and P. olivascens on the other. The separation of P. polycnemoides could be attributed to differences in epidermis features. Results showed that a selected set of these features to be of taxonomic importance.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Based on these findings, it is recommended that compound 7 should undergo further structural modification in order to optimize its anti-microbial activity.
Abstract: This paper describes the semi-synthesis and anti-microbial activity of novel pyrazoline derivatives of Polygonum senegalense chalcones. The study was carried out on the understanding that heterocycles with pyrazoline ring systems are known to possess a broad spectrum of biological activities. The derivatives were afforded by refluxing mixtures of chalcones and phenylhydrazine, hydrazine hydrate, and / or acetic acid in DMSO or ethanol at low temperatures between 40-60°C in an oil-bath. The products were characterized in by 1H-NMR (200 or 400 MHz), 13C-NMR spectroscopy and ESI-HRMS. NMR data was described in detail for each derivative. The compounds 6-15 have been screened for their in vitro anti-bacterial activity against one gram positive bacteria (S. aureus) and anti-fungal activity against five strains C. krusei, C. neoformans, and C. glabrata. They all showed insignificant antimicrobial activities with lower IC50 as compared to positive control, except compound 7 that demonstrated moderate antifungal activity with IC50 values ranging between 8.01 13.74 μg/mL against C. krusei, C. neoformans and C. glabrata. The compound also showed antibacterial activity of IC50 value 7.56μg/mL against S. aureus. Based on these findings, we recommend that compound 7 should undergo further structural modification in order to optimize its anti-microbial activity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of polygonum minus leaves extract on the histopathological changes of kidney induced by mercuric chloride in mice (Mus musculus).
Abstract: This research was conducted to investigate the protective effect Polygonum minus leaves extract on the histopathological changes of kidney induced by mercuric chloride in mice ( Mus musculus ). Thirty male mice were divided into five groups and were administered via intragastric gavage with different treatments for 21 days. The treatment were C- (CMC Na 0.5% solution + aquadest), C+ (CMC Na 0.5% solution + 8 mg/kg bw of mercuric chloride), T1, T2, and T3 (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg bw of Polygonum minus leaves extract respectively + 8 mg/kg bw of mercuric chloride). The histopathological changes of kidney were examined by using Arshad Scoring method. Then the data was analysed using Kruskal Wallis and continued with Mann-Whitney test. The result showed Polygonum minus leaves extract could protect mice kidney from the damage effect of mercuric chloride. The best dose of Polygonum minus on this research was 400 mg/kg bw. Keywords : Polygonum minus , mercuric chloride, Mus musculus , kidney

Patent
31 May 2017
TL;DR: In this article, a planting method of polygonum multiflorum thund is described, which consists of selecting a planting land, preparing a soil, adjusting a soil pH, fertilizing a basal fertilizer, planting and managing according to the local environment, choosing a planting environment of no or little root weeds, and soil with stones, adequate water and a convenient drainage.
Abstract: The invention discloses a planting method of polygonum multiflorum thund. The method comprises selecting a planting land, preparing a soil, adjusting a soil pH, fertilizing a basal fertilizer, planting and managing; according to the local environment, choosing a planting environment of no or little root weeds, and soil with stones, adequate water and a convenient drainage; selecting a planting slope of the terrain in the 5 - 10 degrees; selecting high-quality red maple seedlings to plant in a furrow; selecting a tree height is 30 - 50cm, and red maple spacing is between 0.5 - 1m. The polygonum multiflorum thunb stems is planted in a furrow. The polygonum multiflorum thund stems and red maple seedlings are distributed by triangular. A pedunculatum is planted between every two plants in the furrow. The tree height is 30 - 50cm, and red maple spacing is 0.5 - 1m. The polygonum multiflorum thund stems and a barberry are interplanted, by taking 5 - 10cm height berberis seedlings, and polygonum multiflorum thund stems in a distance of 30cm, wherein a lemon balm and a yarrow are interplanted. The invention adopts a method of plant interplanting disinsection to reduce damage caused by the use of insecticides and pesticides to the environment and to avoid residues of pesticides on polygonum multiflorum thund.

Patent
11 Aug 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, an organic fertilizer for planting polygonum multiflorum has been revealed, which is high in absorption and utilization rate, is capable of avoiding waste of the fertilizer and saving the planting cost, has a good soil remediation ability, forms a soil microbe ecosystem, can achieve the effects of effectively enhancing the soil water and fertilizer retaining and manure making functions, providing a growth environment suitable for the polygonal multiflora and total nutrients needed by the growth stages, increasing the survival rate and growth rate of the polygom multifloras, improving the growth
Abstract: The invention discloses an organic fertilizer for planting polygonum multiflorum The organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of fresh chicken feces, 60-80 parts of animal manure, 30-50 parts of distiller grain dregs, 50-70 parts of crop straws, 20-40 parts of saw dust, 20-40 parts of bran, 60-80 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 15-25 parts of lime, 30-50 parts of oil cakes, 20-30 parts of plant ash, 10-18 parts of an organic fertilizer decomposition agent, 20-30 parts of additives and 10-20 parts of adhesives The fertilizer disclosed by the invention is high in absorption and utilization rate, is capable of avoiding waste of the fertilizer and saving the planting cost, has a good soil remediation ability, forms a soil microbe ecosystem, can achieve the effects of effectively enhancing the soil water and fertilizer retaining and manure making functions, providing a growth environment suitable for the polygonum multiflorum and total nutrients needed by the growth stages, increasing the survival rate and growth rate of the polygonum multiflorum, improving the growth quality of the polygonum multiflorum and increasing the yield of the polygonum multiflorum, and is worthy of popularization

Patent
17 May 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, a planting method for polygonum multiflorum is presented, which mainly includes the following steps of A, seedling breeding; B, land selection and preparation; C, cutting seedling culture; D, seedlings period management; E, field transplanting.
Abstract: The invention belongs to the field of cultivation of plants and particularly discloses a planting method for polygonum multiflorum. The planting method mainly includes the following steps of A, seedling breeding; B, land selection and preparation; C, cutting seedling culture; D, seedling period management; E, field transplanting. Especially, land selection and preparation are greatly improved, and seedling period management of the polygonum multiflorum is simpler and more convenient. Meanwhile, compared with a traditional planting method, the survival rate and the number of roots of cutting seedlings are greatly increased through the scheme, and the planting method is worthy of popularization.