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Polygonum
About: Polygonum is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1230 publications have been published within this topic receiving 12765 citations.
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TL;DR: Polygonum hickmanii is known from two sites about one mile apart, at the northern end of Scotts Valley, Santa Cruz County, California, at about 700-800 feet elevation and occurs only in very restricted microhabitats within an isolated relictual grassland.
Abstract: A new endemic species of Polygonum is described from Scotts Valley, California. Differentiation from closely related taxa P parryi and P heterosepalum is presented. Polygonum (sect. Duravia) hickmanii H. R. Hinds & R. Morgan, sp. nov. TYPE: U.S.A. California: Santa Cruz County, Scotts Valley, grassland N of Navarra Drive, W of Carbonero Creek, 1 July 1993, R. Morgan 2119 (holotype, CAS; isotypes, MO, RSA, UC, UNB). Hickman's knotweed. Herba annua. Folia sessilia, 0.5-3.5 cm X 1-1.5 mm, revoluta. Ocrea divisa ad basem in longas rectas fibras. Flores singuli in axillis omnium paene bracteorum foliorum. Achenia laevia, (2-)2.3 X 1.6 mm, duobus lateribus concavis et uno latere latiore planioreque. Erect taprooted annual, 2-5 cm, simple in depauperate plants to profusely branched from near the base. Leaves sessile, linear, acuminate, mucronate, 0.5-3.5 cm X 1-1.5 mm, revolute and wingnerved below, closely investing and with the ocreae + concealing the stems. Ocrea 6 mm long, silvery, divided nearly to base into long straight filaments, adnate to the base of the leaves and appearing almost as long as the apical leaves. Flowers single in axils of almost all bracteal leaves, tepals white, with two outer tepals cucullate and mucronate, 3 mm long, three inner tepals rounded to obtuse 2 mm long, anthers conspicuous, orange-pink 0.4 mm. Achenes smooth, (2-)2.3 X 1.6 mm, light to dark olive brown, lighter on the angles, with two concave sides and one broader + flat side; not exserted. Styles 0.3 mm, persistent. Flowering from late May to August (October). Polygonum hickmanii is known from two sites about one mile apart, at the northern end of Scotts Valley, Santa Cruz County, California, at about 700-800 feet elevation and occurs only in very restricted microhabitats within an isolated relictual grassland. The sites are gently sloping to nearly level, with fine-textured shallow soil over outcrops of Santa Cruz mudstone and Purisima sandstone, sparsely vegetated with small annual herbs. This habitat is shared with a more abundant but equally narrow endemic, Chorizanthe robusta C. Parry var. hartwegii (Bentham) J. Reveal & R. Morgan. The population of Polygonum hickmanii fluctuated from about 200 to 400 plants in 1990-1992 to 1000 or more in 1993 following a relatively wet winter. Polygonum hickmanii is sympatric with no other members of the section Duravia. The nearest location of a closely related species, P. parryi Greene (itself disjunct), is at Mt. Hamilton about 50 miles inland. Polygonum hickmanii differs from P. parryi in its larger white flowers, longer leaves, larger anthers and achenes, and longer, straight ocreae. It differs from P. heterosepalum M. E. Peck & Ownbey in achene shape (more rounded at base as opposed to more tapering), size (1.5-2 mm), and flower structure (perianth segments very unequal). Polygonum hickmanii is named for James C. Hickman (1941-1993), distinguished botanist, who confirmed the uniqueness of this taxon and whose advice and inspiration is here acknowledged. Acknowledgments. The authors thank George Flanders, Irene Johnston, and John Geyssen for their considerable assistance with manuscript preparation.
3 citations
3 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Polygonum papillosum, a woody species of Polygonum sect.
Abstract: Polygonum papillosum, a woody species of Polygonum sect. Polygonum from serpentine soils in Central Greece, is described as a species new to science and illustrated. It is related to the Anatolian P. setosum, but differs in leaves with very dense and prominent, papillose veins, strongly splitting ochreas and numerous elongated vegetative shoots
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) was used to comprehensively detect the chemical ingredients of P. capitatum and its absorbed constituents in the plasma of hyperuricemia rats for the first time.
Abstract: Polygonum capitatum as an ethnic medicine has been used to treat urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis and urinary calculi. In our previous study, P. capitatum was found to have anti-hyperuricemia effects. Nevertheless, the active constituents of P. capitatum for treating hyperuricemia were still unclear. In this study, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) was used to comprehensively detect the chemical ingredients of P. capitatum and its absorbed constituents in the plasma of hyperuricemia rats for the first time. Xcalibur 3.0 and Compound Discoverer 2.0 software coupled to mzCloud and ChemSpider databases were utilized for qualitative analysis. A total of 114 chemical components including phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, phenylpropanoids, amino acids, amides and others were identified or tentatively characterized based on the exact mass, retention time and structural information. Compared to the previous P. capitatum study, an additional 66 different components were detected. Moreover, 68 related xenobiotics including 16 prototype components and 52 metabolites were found in the plasma of hyperuricemia rats. The metabolic pathways included ring fission, hydrolysis, decarboxylation, dehydroxylation, methylation, glucuronidation and sulfation. This work may provide important information for further investigation on the active constituents of P. capitatum and their action mechanisms for anti-hyperuricemia effects.
3 citations