Polymer

About: Polymer is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 131496 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2672370 citations. The topic is also known as: polymers.

Nanocomposite polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries

Abstract: Ionically conducting polymer membranes (polymer electrolytes) might enhance lithium-battery technology by replacing the liquid electrolyte currently in use and thereby enabling the fabrication of flexible, compact, laminated solid-state structures free from leaks and available in varied geometries1. Polymer electrolytes explored for these purposes are commonly complexes of a lithium salt (LiX) with a high-molecular-weight polymer such as polyethylene oxide (PEO). But PEO tends to crystallize below 60 °C, whereas fast ion transport is a characteristic of the amorphous phase. So the conductivity of PEO–LiX electrolytes reaches practically useful values (of about 10−4 S cm−1) only at temperatures of 60–80 °C. The most common approach for lowering the operational temperature has been to add liquid plasticizers, but this promotes deterioration of the electrolyte's mechanical properties and increases its reactivity towards the lithium metal anode. Here we show that nanometre-sized ceramic powders can perform as solid plasticizers for PEO, kinetically inhibiting crystallization on annealing from the amorphous state above 60 °C. We demonstrate conductivities of around 10−4 S cm−1 at 50 °C and 10−5 S cm−1 at 30 °C in a PEO–LiClO4 mixture containing powders of TiO2 and Al2O3 with particle sizes of 5.8–13 nm. Further optimization might lead to practical solid-state polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries.

Handbook of organic conductive molecules and polymers

Abstract: Vol 1: From electron acceptor molecules to photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer systems perylene based conductors tetrachalcogenafulvalenes, metal 1,2-dichalcogenolenes and their conductive salts conductive hetero-TCNQs molecular metals and superconductors based on transition metal complexes conductivity and superconductivity in doped fullerenes electrochemistry of fullerenes photophysics, charge separation and associated device applications of conjugated polymer/fullerene composites photoconductivity in fullerenes organic photoconductive materials for xenographic photoreceptors photoconductive polymers graphite intercalation compounds electrically conductive metallophthalocyanines electrically conductive Langmuir-Blogett films magnetism of stable organic radical crystals. Vol 2: Polyacetylene electrically conductive polyacetylene copolymers perconjugated organic polymer - early synthesis attempts and applications electrochemical synthesis of polyheterocycles and their applications (-conductive polymers prepared by organometallic polycondensation poly(p-phenylenes) - preparation techniques and general properties synthesis and properties of processable polythiophenes molecular conductive materials - from polythiophenes to oligothiophenes charge-state incorporation in bis-thienyl polyenes and thienylene polyenylene oligomers and polymers polypyrroles - from basic research to technological applications polythiophene and polypyrrole copolymers polyanilines electrically conductive polytoluidines silicon containing thiophene monomers, oligomers and polymers - synthesis, characterization and properties silicon and germanium containing conductive polymers polyazines - synthesis, structure, spectroscopy and conducting properties conductive metallophthalocyanine polymers conductive polymer blends and composites organometallic conductive polymers self-doped conductive polymers. Vol 3: Crystallography of conductive polymers the structure of polythiophenes photoelectron spectroscopy of conductive polymers spectroelectrochemistry and spectroscopy of conducting polymers structural investigation of soluble conjugated polymers and modification of their structure at submicron scale with a scanning force microscope magnetic properties of conducting polymers Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) Studies of conjugated polymer films, LEDs, and fullerenes microwave properties of conductives polymers electrochemistry of conjugated polymers electrocatalytic properties of conductive polymers due to dispersion physical and spectroscopic properties of polypyrrole films containing transition metal complexes as counteranions thin film properties of oligothiophenes electrochroism in polyanilines thermochromism and solvatochromism in polythiophenes degradation and stability of conductive polymers. Vol 4: Transport in conducting polymers electronic structure of (conjugated polymers). (Part contents)

Principles of polymer chemistry

Abstract: Physical Properties and Physical Chemistry of Polymers.- Free-Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization.- Ionic Chain-Growth Polymerization.- Ring-Opening Polymerizations.- Common Chain-Growth Polymers.- Step-Growth Polymerization and Step-Growth Polymers.- Naturally Occurring Polymers.- Reactivity and Chemical Modifications of Polymers.- Polymeric Materials for Special Applications.

Physical properties of polymers handbook

Abstract: Preface to the Second Edition. -Preface to the First Edition. -STRUCTURE. -Chain Structures. -Names, Acronyms, Classes, and Structures of Some Important Polymers. -THEORY. -The Rotational Isomeric State Model. -Computational Parameters. -Theoretical Models and Simulations of Polymer Chains. -Scaling, Exponents, and Fractal Dimensions. -THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES. -Densities, Coefficients of Thermal Expansion, and Compressibilities of Amorphous Polymers. -Thermodynamic Properties of Proteins. -Heat Capacities of Polymers. -Thermal Conductivity. -Thermodynamic Quantities Governing Melting. -The Glass Temperature. -Sub-Tg Transitions. -Polymer-Solvent Interaction Parameter c. -Theta Temperatures. -Solubility Parameters. -Mark-Houwink-Staudinger-Sakurada Constants. -Polymers and Supercritical Fluids. -Thermodynamics of Polymer Blends. -SPECTROSCOPY. -NMR Spectroscopy of Polymers. -Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy to Study the Molecular Dynamics of Polymers Having Different Molecular Architectures. -Group Frequency Assignments for Major Infrared Bands Observed in Common Synthetic Polymers. -Small Angle Neutron and X-Ray Scattering. -MECHANICAL PROPERTIES. -Mechanical Properties. -Chain Dimensions and Entanglement Spacings. -Temperature Dependences of the Viscoelastic Response of Polymer Systems. -Adhesives. -Some Mechanical Properties of Typical Polymer-Based Composites. -Polymer Networks and Gels. -Force Spectroscopy of Polymers: Beyond Single Chain Mechanics. -REINFORCING PHASES. -Carbon Black. -Properties of Polymers Reinforced with Silica. -Physical Properties of Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites. -Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS). -Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites: Recent Developments in Mechanical Properties. -Reinforcement Theories. -CRYSTALLINITY AND MORPHOLOGY. -Densities of Amorphous and Crystalline Polymers. -Unit Cell Information on Some Important Polymers. -Crystallization Kinetics of Polymers. -Block Copolymer Melts. -Polymer Liquid Crystals and Their Blends. -The Emergence of a New Macromolecular Architecture: 'The Dendritic State'. -Polyrotaxanes. -Foldamers: Nanoscale Shape Control at the Interface Between Small Molecules and High Polymers. -Recent Advances in Supramolecular Polymers. -ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES. -Conducting Polymers: Electrical Conductivity. -Conjugated Polymer Electroluminescence. -Magnetic, Piezoelectric, Pyroelectric, and Ferroelectric Properties of Synthetic and Biological Polymers. -Nonlinear Optical Properties of Polymers. -Refractive Index, Stress-Optical Coefficient, and Optical Configuration Parameter of Polymers. -RESPONSES TO RADIATION, HEAT, AND CHEMICAL AGENTS. -Ultraviolet Radiation and Polymers. -The Effects of Electron Beam and g-Irradiation on Polymeric Materials. -Flammability. -Thermal-Oxidative Stability and Degradation of Polymers. -Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers for Medical Applications. -Biodegradability of Polymers. -Properties of Photoresist Polymers. -Pyrolyzability of Preceramic Polymers. -OTHER PROPERTIES. -Surface and Interfacial Properties. -Acoustic Properties. -Permeability of Polymers to Gases and Vapors. -MISCELLANEOUS. -Definitions. -Units and Conversion Factors. -Subject Index