Showing papers on "Polymer blend published in 1973"
Patent•
02 Feb 1973TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that movies, 0.0005 to 0.010 inch thick, which are readily soluble in cold water, can be made from a polymer mixture of polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinel pyrrolidone having a molecular weight average of more than 120,000 and a different polymer, polyvinylon alcohol orpolyvinyl pyrrinidone with molecular weight of less than 90,000.
Abstract: Films, 0.0005 to 0.010 inch thick, which are readily soluble in cold water may be made from a polymer mixture of polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl pyrrolidone having a molecular weight average of more than 120,000 and a different polymer, polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl pyrrolidone having a molecular weight of less than 90,000.
144 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship between CPE structure and its effectiveness as a blend modifier and concluded that the interaction of CPE with polyethylene derives from compatibility of rather long methylene sequences in CPE and the polyethylenes which results in good adhesive bonding.
Abstract: Previous publications have shown that the stress-strain behavior, especially ductility, of some incompatible polymer blends are greatly improved by the addition of slurry produced chlorinated polyethylenes (CPE). This improvement is greatest for blends containing polyethylene and PVC. The most effective CPE's have some residual polyethylene crystallinity and may be described as block-like polymers with ethylene sequences and chlorine containing sequences. It is postulated that CPE addition improves the blend properties by increasing the adhesion between domains in the blend via interactions with the blend components. This hypothesis was explored by thermal analysis, dynamic mechanical testing, adhesion studies, and microscopy. It is concluded that the interaction of CPE with polyethylene derives from compatibility of rather long methylene sequences in CPE with the polyethylene which results in good adhesive bonding. The interaction of CPE with PVC may not be owing to segmental compatibility but simply good mutual adhesion between similar polar materials. There is no interaction or adhesion between CPE and polystyrene as would be expected. CPE addition to blends is accompanied by a decrease in component domain size. The relationship between CPE structure and its effectiveness as a blend modifier is discussed.
58 citations
Patent•
12 Jul 1973
TL;DR: In this article, a major amount of polybutene-1 with a minor amount of low-pressure polypropylene or ethylene/propylene/butene copolymers was shown to have improved physical properties.
Abstract: Polymer blends comprising a major amount of polybutene-1 with a minor amount of low-pressure polypropylene or ethylene/propylene or butene-1 copolymers exhibit improved physical properties.
43 citations
Patent•
14 Dec 1973TL;DR: In this paper, a copolyester derived from a glycol having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, terephthalic acid and dimer acid, blended with a polymeric material comprising a vinyl aromatic polymer derived from the monomer of the formula R-C=CH2.
Abstract: Hot melt compositions having low melt viscosity and high adhesive strength, especially to metals, are disclosed. The compositions include a copolyester derived from a glycol having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, terephthalic acid and dimer acid, blended with a polymeric material comprising a vinyl aromatic polymer derived from a monomer of the formula R-C=CH2 .¦ . ANGLE . R1-- PARALLEL ¦ .
42 citations
Patent•
05 Mar 1973
TL;DR: A Free Flowing Particulate Mixture (FLPM) as discussed by the authors is a mixture of Filling and Tacky Mixture, which is used in the competition.
Abstract: A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A FREE-FLOWING PARTICULATE POLYMER MIXTURE COMPRISING ADDING FROM 15 AND MORE PREFERABLY FROM 20 TO 900 PARTS OF A FILLER TO 100 PARTS OF A VISCOUS TACKY POLYMER HAVING A VISCOSITY OF ANYWHERE FROM 1000 CENTIPOISE TO 200,000,000 CENTIPOISE AT 25*C., AND ACTING ON THE MIXTURE UNTIL THE INGREDIENTS ARE FORMED INTO A FREE-FLOWING PARTICULATE MIXTURE. PRIOR TO THE APPLICATION OF REDUCING MEANS TO SAID MIXTURE OF FILLER AND POLYMER SO AS TO BREAK IT UP INTO A FREE-FLOWING PARTICULATE MIXTURE, THERE MAY BE ADDED VARIOUS INGREDIENTS TO THE COMPOSITION. IN ADDITION THESE INGREDIENT CAN BE ADDED TO THE FILLER AND POLYMER SIMULTANEOUSLY AS THE FILLER AND POLYMER ARE BEING ACTED UPON BY VARIOUS MEANS SO AS TO FORM THE PARTICULATE MIXTURE. THE PREFERRED MEAND FOR ACTING UPON THE POLYMER AND FILLER MIXTURE SO AS TO BREAK IT TO REDUCE IT TO A FREE-FLOWING PARTICULATE MIXTUREE IS MECHANICALL SHEAR MEANS. THE FOREGOING PROCESS IS ESPECIALLY DIRECTED TO THE FORMING OF A FREE-FLOWING PARTICULATE MIXTURE FROM A DIORGANOPOLYSSILOXANE POLYMER HAVING A VISCOSITY OF 100,000 CENTIPOISE TO 200,000,000 CENTIPOISE AT 25*C. AND A FILLER.
39 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the phase structure of polypropylene and polyethylene blends of the same polymers and provided confirmation of the previously adopted hypothesis that these two polymers may be at least partially miscible.
28 citations
Patent•
05 Jul 1973TL;DR: In this article, a cross-layer cross-linking CURABLE POLYMERIC COMPOSITION was proposed, which is cross-link compatible with a THERMOSET and is robust to FLAME, MOISTURE, CHEMICAL, and HOT OIL.
Abstract: 1. A FLEXIBLE, THERMOSETTING CURABLE POLYMERIC COMPOSITION HAVING IMPROVED PHYSICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES, COMPRISING A BLEND OF POLYMERS OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE AND CHLORINATED POLYOLEFIN WITHIN THE RATION OF 45:55 TO 55:45 PARTS BY WEIGHT AND ABOUT 3 TO 10 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF THE TOTAL WEIGHT OF THE POLYVINYL CHLORIDE AND CHLORINATED POLYETHYLENE POLYMER CONTENT OF AN ETHYLENE POLYMER CON TAINING NOT LESS THAN ABOUT 70 PERCENT BY WEIGHT ETHYLENE SAID POLYMERIC BLEND CONTAINING AT LEAST ABOUT 25 PERCENT BY WEIGHT THEREOF OF CHLORINE, A STABILIZER FOR SAID CHLORINATED POLYMERS, AND AT LEAST ABOUT 2 PARTS UP TO ABOUT 8 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF A PEROXIDE CROSS-LINKING CURING AGENT PER 10 PARTS OF THE POLYVINYL CHLORIDE AND CHLORINATED POLYETHYLENE POLYMER BLEND, SAID POLYMERIC COMPOSITION BEING CROSS-LINKED CURABLE TO A THERMOSET COMPOSITION WHICH IS FLEXIBLE AT LOW TEMPERATURES, MECHANICALLY TOUGH, RESISTANT TO FLAME, MOISTURE, CHEMICALS, SOLVENTS AND HOT OIL, AND HAS STABLE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES.
14 citations
Patent•
09 Oct 1973TL;DR: In this article, a composite graft copolymer is then blended with a matrix of an ethylenically unsaturated nitrile polymer to provide the desired impact modified polymer blends.
Abstract: A polyblend with good impact properties, good optical properties, low water vapor transmission and low oxygen permeability has a two-stage polymerization graft component with a particular butadiene-styrene rubbery substrate and a composite superstrate. Initially, a particular butadiene-styrene rubbery substrate is grafted in two stages. The resultant composite graft copolymer is then blended with a matrix of an ethylenically unsaturated nitrile polymer to provide the desired impact modified polymer blends.
13 citations
Patent•
21 Dec 1973
TL;DR: This paper used SULFUR and SYMMETRICAL METAL DITHIOCARBAMATE as a VULCANIZATION ACCELERATOR to improve stress-strain, FLEX-HEAT BUILDUP and OIL SWELL PROPERTIES.
Abstract: POLYMER BLENDS OF ETHYLENE-HIGHER A-OLEFIN-POLYENE 8EPDM) POLYMERS WITH HIGHLY UNSATUREATED DIENE RUBBERS ARE CURED USING SULFUR AND SYMMETRICAL METAL DITHIOCARBAMATE AS A VULCANIZATION ACCELERATOR. THE VULCANIZATES EXHIBIT IMPROVED STRESS-STRAIN, FLEX-HEAT BUILDUP, AND OIL SWELL PROPERTIES.
10 citations
Patent•
11 Sep 1973
TL;DR: In this paper, a polymerizable monomer having aliphatic carbon-to-carbon unsaturation and a polymer of butadiene in an emulsion-suspension polymerization system are combined to produce fire retardant polymers.
Abstract: Polymers are produced by reacting a polymerizable monomer having aliphatic carbon-to-carbon unsaturation and a polymer of butadiene in an emulsion-suspension polymerization system. The polymers can be blended with another polymer of butadiene such as a polymer of a polymerizable monomer and polybutadiene to produce useful products or used alone to produce molded articles, laminates, extruded products, protective coatings and the like having superior tensile strength together with high impact strength. Blends with halogen containing polyesters and phosphorous containing polyesters or other materials are particularly useful in producing fire retardant polymers.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed methods of analyzing comonomer distribution in copolymers, to study the breakdown of one polymer independent of another in a polymer blend, and to obtain any additional information as might be available.
Abstract: Analysis of molecular size distribution of polymers by steric exclusion liquid chromatography (GPC) is well known. Problems exist, however. These problems involve copolymers and polymer blends. The objectives of the research were to develop methods of analyzing comonomer distribution in copolymers, to study the breakdown of one polymer independent of another in a polymer blend, and to obtain any additional information as might be available. The separations were performed on a Waters Model 200 Gel Permeation Chromatograph. Detectors employed were a Waters R-4 differential refractometer, a Wilks Miran-1 infrared analyzer, and a Beckman Model 144 UV photometer. Examples are given of analysis of average styrene, styrene distribution, and oil content of oil extended SBR. The data is compared with that obtained by other methods. In general the agreement is good. The ability to examine one polymer of a blend independent of the other is also demonstrated. Since elastomers are frequently used as blends, t...
Patent•
02 Jan 1973
TL;DR: In this article, the preparation of EPDM polymers having grafted thereon vulcanization accelerators and polymer blends with highly unsaturated diene rubbers that were cured using sulfur are disclosed.
Abstract: Preparation of ethylene-higher Alpha -olefin-polyene (EPDM) polymers having grafted thereon vulcanization accelerators and polymer blends with highly unsaturated diene rubbers that are cured using sulfur are disclosed. The vulcanizates exhibit improved properties compared to polymer blends of EPDM and diene rubbers.
Patent•
16 Jan 1973TL;DR: A self-lubricating compound is defined as the ability to form a homogeneous blend, an intimate physical mixture, or a solution with the polymer at elevated temperatures when the mixture or solution is in a fluid state while being incompatible therewith at lower temperature when the blend solidifies as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A self-lubricating compound especially suitable for hygienic and medical applications, such as for coating tampons and as suppository structures. The compound contains a thermoplastic film-forming water-soluble polymer, a compatible plasticizer for the polymer, and a lubricant. The lubricant is characterized by the ability to form a homogeneous blend, an intimate physical mixture, or a solution with the polymer at elevated temperatures when the blend or solution is in a fluid state while being incompatible therewith at lower temperature when the blend solidifies. In the solidified state of the compound the lubricant may exist as discrete globules dispersed throughout the compound, and the globules which are disposed on and close to the exposed surface of the solidified blend tend to merge whereby a lubricous film is provided on that surface. The compound is thermoplastic and may be cast, thermoformed, hot melt dip-coated, or transfer molded.
Patent•
19 Jun 1973TL;DR: Vacuole-free films, filaments and fibers consisting of a polymer mixture which comprises a copolymer of acrylonitrile and a polymer which is obtained by a polymer-analogue reaction of a polyacrylic acid ester with dimethylamine, said polymer containing from 40-99 mol % of N,N-dimethyl acrylamide units as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Vacuole-free films, filaments and fibers consisting of a polymer mixture which comprises a copolymer of acrylonitrile and a polymer which is obtained by a polymer-analogue reaction of a polyacrylic acid ester with dimethylamine, said polymer containing from 40-99 mol % of N,N-dimethyl acrylamide units.
TL;DR: In this article, thermal degradation in nitrogen atmosphere of homopolymers: polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), poly(vinylidene chloride) (PCVD), and polyacrylonitryle (PAN) as well as of their blends were carried out using the thermogravimetric method.
Abstract: Studies of thermal degradation in nitrogen atmosphere of homopolymers: polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), poly(vinylidene chloride) (PCVD), and polyacrylonitryle (PAN) as well as of their blends were carried out using the thermogravimetric method. The investigations performed at different heating rates led to thermogravimetric curves which made it possible for the kinetic parameters characterizing thermal degradation, i.e., activation energy E and reaction order n, of the homopolymers and polymer blends in dependence on blend composition to be determined. PP and PE blends show higher thermal stability as compared with pure PP in contrast to the results obtained for PCVD with PAN blends.
Patent•
17 Aug 1973TL;DR: A xerographic member is composed of a conductive substrate having thereon an interfacial barrier layer in a thickness of about 0.5 to 3.0 microns as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A xerographic member which comprises a conductive substrate having thereon an interfacial barrier layer in a thickness of about 0.5 to 3.0 microns. The barrier layer comprises a polymer blend or mixture of a polysulfone and an elastomeric polymer which contains polar groups. A photoconductive layer about 10 to 200 microns in thickness overlays the interfacial layer.
Patent•
25 Jul 1973
TL;DR: In this article, a polymeric composition comprising an ABS polymer and from about 0.5 to below 50% by weight of a vinyl acetate polymer exhibits improved environmental stress crack resistance.
Abstract: A polymeric composition comprising an ABS polymer and from about 0.5 to below 50% by weight of a vinyl acetate polymer exhibits improved environmental stress crack resistance.
TL;DR: A detailed review of the material published to date on the flow properties of poly(vinyl chloride) is given in this article, where the dependence of viscosity on concentration molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, shear and temperature for concentrated and molten poly (VCL) is considered.
Abstract: A detailed review of the material published to date on the flow properties of poly(vinyl chloride) is given. The dependence of viscosity on concentration molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, shear and temperature for concentrated and molten poly (vinyl chloride) is considered. Polymer blends and plastisols are also included.
Patent•
14 Mar 1973
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the dyeing of yarns made from compositions of polyethylene and (4, 20, 21 and 24) poly #-caprolactone.
Abstract: 1309642 Dyeing polymers UNION CARBIDE CORP 1 April 1970 [1 April 1969 (2)] 15543/70 Heading D1B [Also in Division C3] Shaped articles such as fibres and yarns dyeable with acid, prematallised, basic and disperse dyes are made of compositions consisting essentially of (1) a substantially crystalline alkene polymer and (2) a substantially crystalline cyclic ester polymer having recurring units where each R is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl or alkoxy; x is 1 to 4; y is 1 to 4; z is 0 or 1; x+y+z is 4 to 7 and the total number of variables R other than hydrogen does not exceed 3; the cyclic ester polymer having a reduced viscosity of at least 0.1. Dyeing assistants such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene imine, ethylene/N-methylvinyl acetimide and particularly polyvinyl pyridine may also be present. The alkene polymer may be polyethylene, polypropylene, poly (3-methylbutene-1) or poly(4-methylpentene-1). The cyclic ester polymer may be a homopolymer or copolymer with cyclic ethers, e.g. alkylene oxides and tetrahydrofuran. Examples describe the dyeing of articles made from compositions of polyethylene and (4, 20, 21 and 24) poly #-caprolactone, (7) e-caprolactone/tetrahydrofuran copolymer and (22) #-caprolactone/ ethylene oxide copolymer; and from composi tions of polypropylene and (6) poly E-caprolactone or #-caprolactone/ethylene oxide copolymers, (8) poly 2,2-dimethylvalerolactone and (24) poly #-caprolactone.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the physical and chemical properties of wood-plastic combinations (W.P.C.) made of domestic soft woods such as pinus densiflora, pinus rigida and poplus deltoides were measured.