Showing papers on "Polysomnography published in 1982"
TL;DR: The tongue-retaining device (TRD) as discussed by the authors was designed to increase the unobstructed dimension of the nasal breathing passage during sleep and significantly reduced the number of obstructive and central apneic episodes.
Abstract: The tongue-retaining device (TRD) was designed to increase the unobstructed dimension of the nasal breathing passage during sleep Twenty male patients with diagnoses of sleep apnea syndrome, primarily of the obstructive type, confirmed by clinical polysomnography, were fitted with the device The TRD holds the tongue in a forward position by negative pressure Fourteen patients have been tested before and after this treatment, and ten of these have also completed two follow-up recordings four to six months after being trained in the use of this device There was significantly improved sleep and significantly fewer and shorter apneic events on all nights when the device was worn On the first night of wearing the TRD for a half night only, there was a significant reduction in the number of obstructive and central apneic episodes The mean apnea plus hypopnea index while wearing the TRD is comparable with the rate reported for patients who have been treated surgically by either tracheostomy or by uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, although the tracheostomy group contained more severe cases ( JAMA 1982;248:705-709)
238 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that, although both compounds improve nocturnal sleep in elderly insomniacs, there is significant residual sedation with flurazepam and improved daytime alertness with triazolam.
Abstract: The effects of triazolam (0.25 mg) or flurazepam (15 mg) were evaluated in 13 elderly (ages 64-79) insomniacs. Subjects were reasonably healthy, ambulatory, and complained of disturbed sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes were ruled out by nocturnal polysomnogram. Sleep, daytime sleepiness [Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) and Stanford sleepiness scale (SSS)], performance, and mood [Profile of Mood States (POMS)] were assessed on five consecutive days. Placebo was given on nights 1 and 2; active medications were given on nights 3-5. Sleep time was increased by approximately 1 h in both groups. MSLT showed increased sleepiness with flurazepam and decreased sleepiness with triazolam. MSLT scores were unrelated to nocturnal sleep parameters in the flurazepam group and showed a pattern of correlation, though nonsignificant, in the triazolam group. Vigilance was impaired with flurazepam and unchanged with triazolam. Other performance tests showed slight improvement or no change with drugs. Mood tended to be improved after flurazepam ingestion and unchanged after triazolam. These findings suggest that, although both compounds improve nocturnal sleep in elderly insomniacs, there is significant residual sedation with flurazepam and improved daytime alertness with triazolam. Neither compound had a significant effect on nocturnal respiration in these non-sleep-apneic elderly subjects.
105 citations
TL;DR: The present study shows that in an unselected inpatient population, EDS is a relatively common sleep disorder, usually found in mild to moderate forms, and is often masked by other troubles.
Abstract: A prospective epidemiological investigation of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) was carried out in an unselected inpatient population admitted to a general hospital during a 1-year period. The study comprised 2518 patients, 1347 female and 1171 male, aged 6-92 years (mean, 55.2). On the basis of histories and clinical and polysomnographic data, EDS was found in 28 cases (1.11%). Of these, 25 (0.99%; 18 female and 7 male; mean age, 61.3) had sleep apnea syndromes (SAS) with predominantly obstructive apnea. Two patients (0.07%; one female and one male; mean age, 65.5) had idiopathic CNS hypersomnia, and one male patient (0.03%) aged 48 years had a combination of narcolepsy and SAS. Differences and agreements of our findings with previous literature data are discussed. The present study shows that in an unselected inpatient population, EDS is a relatively common sleep disorder, usually found in mild to moderate forms. Because it is not severe, it disturbs only relatively domestic activities of elderly retired patients or others who do not work outside the home, and is often masked by other troubles. For these reasons, EDS in the aging population may pass unnoticed in epidemiological studies based only on data from sleep disorder centers.
74 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Doxepin in doses of 75 and 150 mg/day significantly improved sleep efficiency, as evidenced by decreased sleep latency and increased total sleep time and after 2 weeks of treatment, REM latency and percent REM time were dramatically changed.
Abstract: The effects of doxepin hydrochloride (Adapin) on sleep and depression were evaluated in nine depressed patients with documented sleep difficulties. All subjects were screened for depression on the Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale. Sleep disturbance was measured by all-night polysomnography. Doxepin in doses of 75 and 150 mg/day significantly improved sleep efficiency, as evidenced by decreased sleep latency and increased total sleep time. After 2 weeks of treatment, REM latency and percent REM time were dramatically changed. Maximal improvement in depression occurred after 2 weeks of doxepin therapy and at the 150 mg dose.
44 citations
TL;DR: CAF and MPD produced similar models of insomnia except for a greater sleep latency for CAF than for MPD, which was useful in the evaluation of hypnotic drugs such as temazepam.
Abstract: Experimental sleep disturbances (model insomnia) were produced by the administration of methylphenidate (MPD) 10 mg and caffeine (CAF) 150 mg. The effect of temazepam (TEM), 15 mg or 30 mg, on the model was investigated. All-night polysomnography was performed on 8 normal young male subjects under each of the following 9 conditions: baseline, MPD 10 mg, CAF 150 mg, TEM 15 mg, TEM 30 mg, MPD + TEM 15 mg, MPD + TEM 30 mg, CAF + TEM 15 mg, CAF + TEM 30 mg. A reduction in total sleep time and total amount of stage REM (S-REM) sleep and an increase in the sleep latency and wake time (S-W) were observed in both the MPD and CAF nights. The sleep latency was significantly longer in the CAF night than in the MPD night. Administration of TEM 15 mg or TEM 30 mg alone caused very few modifications in the sleep parameters. These drugs in combination with MPD or CAF resulted in almost complete recovery of the sleep disturbance induced by MPD or CAF. The results indicate that CAF and MPD produced similar models of insomnia except for a greater sleep latency for CAF than for MPD. Both models were useful in the evaluation of hypnotic drugs such as temazepam.
43 citations
TL;DR: Screening polysomnographic screening for sleep apnea and nocturnal myoclonus in affective disorders is suggested because on occasion, both an affective disorder and a sleep-apnea syndrome co-exist in the same patient.
Abstract: We performed screening polysomnography on 86 inpatients with affective disorders and found that 13 (15.1 per cent) had sleep apnea and one had nocturnal myoclonus. The apnea tended to be extremely mild, with an average of 27.8 episodes per patient and with a mean duration of 15.0 seconds. No clinically significant cardiac arrhythmia accompanied the apnea. The apnea was predominantly obstructive or mixed, not central. Only four patients (4.7 per cent) had apnea indices greater than five, and even here the total apnea was considered mild. Much of the apnea (68.3 per cent) occurred during rapid eye movement sleep. While there was no association of apnea with gender or with type of sleep-wake complaint, a significant relationship with age emerged. On the basis of these data, we suggest that routine polysomnographic screening for sleep apnea and nocturnal myoclonus in affective disorders is not indicated. On occasion, however, both an affective disorder and a sleep-apnea syndrome co-exist in the same patient. In such cases, the sleep-wake complaint is usually very prominent and/or long-standing in relation to other psychopathology and requires appropriate polysomnographic evaluation.
39 citations
TL;DR: Sleep stage was a better predictor of the mental activity of the sleeper than was the presence or absence of phasic activity on the above measures, and MEMA was associated with bizarre, discontinuous sleep mentation.
Abstract: Nine subjects each spent four nights in the sleep lab during which middle ear muscle activity (MEMA) was recorded in addition to standard sleep monitoring. After an adaptation night, subjects were awakened four times on each experimental night: twice from rapid eye movement sleep and twice from stage 2: once from each stage in the presence or absence of MEMA. Detailed mentation reports were obtained, coded, and rated on scales of auditory involvement, emotional activity, bizarreness, hallucinosis, and clouding. Sleep stage was a better predictor of the mental activity of the sleeper than was the presence or absence of phasic activity on the above measures. Auditory ratings were no higher following MEMA than following non-MEMA arousals, but MEMA was associated with bizarre, discontinuous sleep mentation. Theoretical implications were discussed.
17 citations
TL;DR: Brainstem evoked potentials (BSEP) were recorded in 23 patients with adult sleep apnea and substantiate the hypothesis that brainstem dysfunction may play a role in ASA.
Abstract: Brainstem evoked potentials (BSEP) were recorded in 23 patients with adult sleep apnea (ASA). These patients were studied with all-night polysomnography prior to our testing. They were categorized as having obstructive, central, or mixed sleep apnea depending on the predominant sleep findings. All patients with central sleep apnea had abnormal BSEP with prolongation of wave V. A majority of the remaining patients with obstructive sleep apnea and mixed sleep apnea had abnormal BSEP, but without specific configurations. These findings substantiate our hypothesis that brainstem dysfunction may play a role in ASA.
15 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that the normal GH release following sleep onset continues to occur despite stage 4 suppression by pharmacological means.
Abstract: We studied the effect of flurazepam, a known suppressor of stages 3 and 4 of sleep, on nocturnal sleep patterns and on growth hormone release immediately following sleep onset in normal young adults. Polysomnography and sampling of growth hormone (every 20 min for 26 h) were performed before and after 2 weeks of nightly flurazepam (30 mg, 8 subjects) or placebo (8 subjects) administration. There were no significant changes in growth hormone release in spite of a significant decrease in stage 4 sleep (69%) and total waking time (46%) and an increase in total sleep time (23%) in the drug group. REM sleep was not changed. These results indicate that the normal GH release following sleep onset continues to occur despite stage 4 suppression by pharmacological means.
10 citations
TL;DR: From the results, the roles of REM sleep and slow wave sleep in man were discussed and there was no significant correlation between the total sleep time and each physical variable.
Abstract: Polysomnographic recordings were taken on 11 healthy male students aged 19-23 years. The correlations were examined between the various physical variables and the appearance rates of REM sleep and slow wave sleep (SWS). The height showed a significant inverse correlation with %st.4 sleep and with %SWS and the plantar length with %SWS. The body weight and chest circumference showed a significant inverse correlation with %REM sleep. The weight/height ratio tended toward an inverse correlation with %REM sleep. Both the body surface area and basal metabolic rate showed a significant inverse correlation with %st.4 and %REM sleep. There was no significant correlation between the total sleep time and each physical variable. From these results the roles of REM sleep and slow wave sleep in man were discussed.
7 citations
TL;DR: Berendes et al. as discussed by the authors presented a technique of polysomnography for EEG, which they called Technique of Polysomnomography (TOPS) and used it in EEG applications.
Abstract: ISSN: 0002-9238 (Print) 2375-8600 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/utnj18 Technique of Polysomnography Jerome Berendes, James Kipp & Phiroze L. Hansotia To cite this article: Jerome Berendes, James Kipp & Phiroze L. Hansotia (1982) Technique of Polysomnography, American Journal of EEG Technology, 22:2, 63-66, DOI: 10.1080/00029238.1982.11080070 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/00029238.1982.11080070