Showing papers on "Polysomnography published in 1988"
TL;DR: The results are interpreted as supporting the existence of a tendency towards physiological hyperarousal in patients with chronic insomnia, which may be exacerbated by other factors also associated with insomnia.
Abstract: Despite the subjective reports of patients with difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS) that they are impaired during the day, consistent differences in daytime functions have not been found between normal sleepers and patients with insomnia. The present study compares polysomnography and Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) data from 70 clinic patients seeking evaluation for chronic insomnia with data from a group of 45 asymptomatic sleepers. The DIMS group was found to sleep significantly less than the control group; yet they were also significantly more alert than the control group the following day, as measured by MSLT. Within the insomnia diagnostic subgroups, a correlation of -0.67 (p less than 0.05) was found between nocturnal total sleep time and mean MSLT. The results are interpreted as supporting the existence of a tendency towards physiological hyperarousal in patients with chronic insomnia. This tendency may be exacerbated by other factors (e.g., personality disorder, periodic leg movements) also associated with insomnia.
285 citations
TL;DR: Right heart catheterization was performed in a series of 46 consecutive patients in whom OSAS was firmly diagnosed by whole-night polysomnography, and there was no significant correlation between Ppa and the apnea index, the lowest sleep SaO2, or the time spent in apnea.
Abstract: The frequency of daytime pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has not been well established and its mechanisms are still under debate. We have thus performed right heart catheterization, in addition to standard spirography and arterial blood gas measurements, in a series of 46 consecutive patients in whom OSAS was firmly diagnosed by whole-night polysomnography. Only 9 of the 46 patients (20%) had PH defined by a mean resting pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) ⩾ 20 mm Hg. Among the patients withoutresting PH, 14 had exercising PH (defined by a Ppa > 30 mm Hg during 40-watt, steady-state exercise). Patients with resting PH differed from the others by a lower daytime PaO2 (60.8 ± 7.6 versus 76.2 ± 9.4 mm Hg; p < 0.001), a higher daytime PaCO2 (44.6 ± 4.2 versus 38.0 ± 4.0 mm Hg; p < 0.001), and lower VC and FEV1 (p < 0.001). There was no difference between the 2 groups with regard to apnea index (62 ± 34 versus 65 ± 40) or the lowest sleep SaO2 (59 ± 21 versus ...
244 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that maintenance of nocturnal ventilation by either nasal CPAP or nasal IPPV in patients withNocturnal respiratory failure does significantly improve clinical measurements of respiratory function and quality of sleep.
191 citations
TL;DR: Hypopneas were associated with reduced chest wall movement in all subjects, and with chest wall paradox in one; continued submental "inspiratory" EMG activity throughout "central" apneas in 2 subjects suggested that these episodes were not truly central in origin.
Abstract: Overnight polysomnography after acclimatization was performed on 14 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (mean age, 18.3 yr; mean VC, 1.24 L). Despite their lack of sleep-related symptoms and normal daytime blood gas tensions, periods of hypopnea and/or apnea (H/A) were observed in all patients (mean frequency 9.6/h; range, 3.7 to 17.0; mean duration 23.1; range of means, 16 to 36 s). In 9 patients, between 0.5 and 12.3 oxygen desaturations of > 5% occurred per hour, with falls from a mean SaO2 baseline of 95.4 ± 0.6% (SEM) to a mean nadir of 74.2 ± 3.9% (range, 58 to 90). This desaturating group (n = 9) showed longer and more frequent H/A than did the 5 nondesaturators; the proportion of REM sleep occupied by H/A was 37.7 ± 3.8% in the desaturating group compared with only 15.1 ± 5.1% in the remainder (p < 0.01). The severity of sleep-disordered breathing could not be reliably predicted from daytime pulmonary function test results, and only maximal static expiratory pressure appeared significantly l...
186 citations
TL;DR: The results raise the possibility that "natural" death during sleep in the elderly may be associated with specific pathophysiological events during sleep.
Abstract: In the aged, sleep may be a vulnerable period for death from cardiovascular causes. Because of its high prevalence in the elderly, sleep apnea has been suggested to be one mechanism contributing to such sleep-related mortality. In this study, a cohort of 198 non-institutionalized elderly individuals (mean age at entry = 66) were followed for periods up to 12 years after initial polysomnography. The mortality ratio for sleep apnea (defined as a Respiratory Disturbance Index of over 10 events per sleep hour) was estimated to be 2.7 (95% CI = .95, 7.47). Multiple regression with the Cox proportional hazards model suggested that cardiovascular death was most clearly associated with age in this cohort. These results raise the possibility that "natural" death during sleep in the elderly may be associated with specific pathophysiological events during sleep.
164 citations
TL;DR: Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nasal CPAP) and polysomnography were used to analyze the time course of the effect of bedtime ethanol on resistance of upper airways and on the number of respiratory pauses during sleep.
Abstract: Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nasal CPAP) and polysomnography were used to analyze the time course of the effect of bedtime ethanol on resistance of upper airways and on the number of respiratory pauses during sleep. On one night, six asymptomatic nonalcoholic male snorers drank 2 ml/kg of 100 proof vodka mixed in orange juice (ethanol dose, 0.79 gm/kg, giving a peak blood alcohol level of 71.8 +/- 33.3 mg/dl). On a second night they received a placebo (1-2 drops of vodka floated on top of the orange juice). We measured (a) the minimum nasal (CPAP) required to eliminate snoring, (b) the number of hypopneas and apneas during each hour of sleep and (c) the arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) by ear oximetry. On the alcohol night there was a significant increase in the CPAP pressure required to eliminate snoring (placebo 4.8 +/- 1.7 cm H2O, alcohol 6.2 +/- 1.5 cm H2O). The number of respiratory events per hour of sleep (apnea index) was 7.5 +/- 2.1 for ethanol nights versus 3.8 +/- 2.7 for placebo nights (p less than 0.0125). An apnea index of greater than 5 is generally considered abnormal. There was no significant difference in the number of desaturation events (declines of 4% or more in the SaO2) or in the mean SaO2, but the minimum SaO2 was significantly lower on the ethanol night (placebo 89.8% +/- 1.6, alcohol 86.8% +/- 2.7, p less than 0.05). The effect of this dose of alcohol on airway resistance was most pronounced during the first 2 hr after ingestion.
157 citations
TL;DR: The polygraphic findings from 11 future victims of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) are reported and compared with those of matched pairs of control infants, done to alleviate parental anxiety about sleep apnea.
Abstract: The polygraphic findings from 11 future victims of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) are reported and compared with those of matched pairs of control infants. The recordings had been done to alleviate parental anxiety about sleep apnea. Four infants had siblings who were victims of SIDS. Two infants were studied 3.5 to 9.5 weeks before their deaths because of an unexplained apparent life-threatening event that had occurred during sleep. For each victim of SIDS, two control infants were selected from the 2,000 infants who had been tested in the same hospitals. They were matched for sex, gestational age, postnatal age, and weight at birth with the SIDS victims. Their polygraphic recordings had been performed within similar conditions. Each record was allocated a random code number and was analyzed without knowledge of the patient's identity by two independent scorers. Most sleep and cardiorespiratory variables studied did not differentiate SIDS victims from control infants. Only four variables significantly characterized the future SIDS victims: the maximal duration of central apneas, the number of sighs followed by a central apnea, the presence of obstructive apneas, and the presence of mixed apneas. Central apneas were longer during all sleep states in the SIDS victims compared with their matched controls, but none exceeded 14 seconds. Sighs immediately followed by an apnea were significantly less frequent in the future SIDS group. Obstructive and mixed sleep apneas were seen in eight of 11 SIDS victims and in only three of 22 control infants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
143 citations
TL;DR: A controlled double blind cross-over trial assessed the effects of a single dose of zolpidem 20 mg on nocturnal breathing in patients with mild forms of sleep apnea syndrome and indicated that the drug does not overcome the existing contraindications to the use of hypnotics in this syndrome.
Abstract: Clinical studies have shown that zolpidem, an original imidazopyridine derivative, induces and maintains sleep and does not have daytime side-effects. Polysomnography has revealed that this drug has several interesting qualities that benzodiazepines do not possess: stages 3-4 increase, stage 2 is unchanged or slightly reduced and no abnormal changes are detected on the EEG tracing. Like benzodiazepines, zolpidem slightly reduces REM sleep. The Multiple Sleep Latency Test confirmed that the drug does not cause daytime drowsiness. All the hypnotic drugs studied up to now worsen heavy snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. A controlled double blind cross-over trial assessed the effects of a single dose of zolpidem 20 mg on nocturnal breathing in patients with mild forms of sleep apnea syndrome. The results indicate that, at this dose, the drug does not overcome the existing contraindications to the use of hypnotics in this syndrome.
87 citations
TL;DR: The authors examined the accuracy of the differential diagnosis of chronic insomnia with and without sleep laboratory studies in a consecutive series of 123 patients and found that in 49% of the patients laboratory results added to, refuted, and/or failed to support the clinical impression.
Abstract: The authors examined the accuracy of the differential diagnosis of chronic insomnia with and without sleep laboratory studies in a consecutive series of 123 patients. All patients were evaluated by means of a sleep/wake log, a sleep habits questionnaire, structured psychiatric and clinical interviews, and a minimum of two consecutive nights ofpolysomnography. Notwithstanding a high rate of Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC)-diagnosed psychopathology (63%) in this sampie, the major finding was that in 49% of the patients laboratory results added to, refuted, and/or failed to support the clinical impression. This resulted in substantial modification of the initial diagnostic formulation and therefore in increased specificity of diagnosis. (Am J Psychiatry 1988; 145:346-349)
78 citations
TL;DR: Evaluation of 32 individuals with achondroplasia revealed that 28% had a history of apnea and 22% had respiratory abnormalities on polysomnography, and multimodality studies suggested that brainstem compression was common in this disorder.
Abstract: Evaluation of 32 individuals with achondroplasia revealed that 28% had a history of apnea and 22% had respiratory abnormalities on polysomnography. In those patients requiring posterior fossa Decemberompressive surgery, improvement was noted in follow-up polysomnograms. Multimodality studies suggested that brainstem compression was common in achondroplasia and could account in part for the abnormal respiratory function in this disorder, including obstructive apnea, central apnea, and hypoxemia.
64 citations
TL;DR: Physiological hypnic myoclonus was quantified during wakefulness and sleep in 7 normal subjects and increased during stage 1 and especially REM sleep, while in some muscles, however, it showed no increase during sleep.
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that the sympathetic nervous system may mediate the periodicity of sleep related periodic leg movements.
Abstract: Two patients complaining of insomnia had sleep-related periodic leg movements (nocturnal myoclonus) on polysomnographic evaluation. Both also complained of cold feet and had abnormal peripheral pulse examinations. Treatment with phenoxybenzamine, alpha-adrenergic blocker, normalized the peripheral pulse responses, reduced the complaint of insomnia, and reduced the sleep related leg movements but resulted in only mild sleep improvements. Peripheral pulse examinations of ten other patients with sleep-related periodic leg movements revealed abnormal responses in four. From these and other results, it is hypothesized that the sympathetic nervous system may mediate the periodicity of sleep related periodic leg movements.
TL;DR: It is the hypothesis that repeated oxygen desaturation during periods of obstructive sleep apnea was the cause of this 12-year-old black girl with sickle cell anemia's frequent vaso-occlusive crises.
Abstract: • It is difficult to recognize and treat the factors that exacerbate the vascular crises of sickle cell disease. We describe a 12-year-old black girl with sickle cell anemia who, since the age of 9 years, has been repeatedly hospitalized for pain associated with vaso-occlusive disease. A diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea was suggested by the history and physical examination and was confirmed by polysomnography. Following preoperative transfusion, the patient underwent elective tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. She has been free of vaso-occlusive pain and crises for over two years and has not been hospitalized since her surgery. Postoperative polysomnography has shown no evidence of obstructive sleep apnea. It is our hypothesis that repeated oxygen desaturation during periods of obstructive sleep apnea was the cause of this patient's frequent vaso-occlusive crises. She not only obtained complete relief of her symptoms, but objective sleep study measurements were normal following surgery. Obstructive sleep apnea is a recent diagnosis, and its pathologic effects are only beginning to be known. Physicians taking care of patients with hemoglobinopathies need to be aware of possible contributing factors to their patients' disease, and an aggressive approach to their diagnosis and possible relief should be sought. ( Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1988;114:916-917)
TL;DR: A 37‐year‐old man with a 19‐year history of progressive autosomal‐dominant olivopontocerebellar degeneration developed excessive daytime sleepiness and paroxysmal episodes that clinically resembled an ictal or postictal state.
Abstract: A 37-year-old man with a 19-year history of progressive autosomal-dominant olivopontocerebellar degeneration developed excessive daytime sleepiness and paroxysmal episodes that clinically resembled an ictal or postictal state. Polysomnography showed sleep apnea. Long-term therapy with trazodone resulted in resolution of the paroxysmal episodes, disappearance of daytime sleepiness, and gradual improvement of sleep architecture over several months.
TL;DR: Two patients with complex partial and secondarily generalized seizures, who developed restless legs while taking methsuximide and phenytoin are reported, who had no evidence of metabolic disturbance or neuromuscular disease, although one patient had fragmented sleep and disruptive myoclonus on polysomnography, and leg restlessness subsided with change of antiepileptic drugs.
TL;DR: It is concluded that single-night use of triazolam improved the quality and duration of sleep in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Abstract: • We compared the effects of a placebo with 0.125 and 0.25 mg of triazolam (Halcion) on sleep quality, oximetry, and respiratory events during sleep in ten stable outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The subjects had a forced expiratory volume in 1 s ranging from 17% to 76% of the predicted value (mean ± SD, 38.1% ± 19%) and a waking arterial oxygen pressure from 46 to 84 mm Hg (mean ± SD, 67 ± 12 mm Hg). Polysomnography was done on three nights within a two-week period after the patients received on a "blinded" basis either placebo or 0.125 or 0.25 mg of triazolam. Triazolam produced improvements in total sleep duration, time spent in stage 2 nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and subjective of sleep quality. For most patients, there was a nighttime drop in arterial oxygen percentage of saturation (Sao2) in the placebo condition, but triazolam did not cause a significant worsening, of the mean Sao2, minimum Sao2, or the number of apneic and hypopneic events. Across all experimental conditions, we documented little desaturation during wakefulness (mean low, 87.2% ± 10.2%), more during NREM sleep (mean low, 83.2% ± 12.6%), and most desaturation in REM sleep (mean low, 80.1% ± 15.7%). We conclude that single-night use of triazolam improved the quality and duration of sleep in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In patients without severe waking hypoxemia and without carbon dioxide retention, triazolam did not increase either nocturnal hypoxemia or respiratory events during sleep. (Arch Intern Med1988;148:2159-2163)
TL;DR: A rare case with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, in association with cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, mental retardation and alveolar hypoventilation syndrome with sleep apnea, as demonstrated by polysomnography, was encountered.
Abstract: A rare case with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, in association with cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, mental retardation and alveolar hypoventilation syndrome with sleep apnea, as demonstrated by polysomnography, was encountered. This combination has not been described previously. From a prognostic point of view, alveolar hypoventilation syndrome with sleep apnea is an important clinical feature is this disease entity. Neither ataxia nor the abnormality of pyruvate metabolism was alleviated after 6 months of therapy with coenzyme Q10.
TL;DR: A 67-year-old man whose initial symptoms evoked an obesity-hypoventilation syndrome is described, suggesting that nonspecific respiratory muscle fatigue frequently seen in COPD might be included in the hypothetic causes of nocturnal hypoxemia.
TL;DR: In this article, subjective sleepiness questionnaire scores, Continuous Performance test, and polysomnography (PSG) in 40 patients with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea (mean apnea index, 33.9; mean minimum oxygen saturation during sleep, 75.4%).
Abstract: • Surgical revision of the upper airway for obstructive sleep apnea has repeatedly improved subjective more than objective laboratory outcome measures. To examine this disparity, we obtained subjective sleepiness questionnaire scores, Continuous Performance test, and polysomnography (PSG) in 40 patients with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea (mean apnea index, 33.9; mean minimum oxygen saturation during sleep, 75.4%). Continuous Performance test confirmed abnormal daytime sleepiness and correlated with minimum oxygen saturation and number of transitions between stages. Postoperatively, questionnaire scores fell a mean of 62%, indicating a marked improvement in subjective sleepiness. Changes in questionnaire score correlated with changes in minimum oxygen saturation. Mean PSG indexes showed no change. Individual patients without PSG improvement reported long-term improvement in daytime functioning, as confirmed by family members. These results suggest that measures in addition to PSG, including patient subjective response, would more fully characterize the outcome of revision of the upper airway for sleep apnea. ( Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1988;114:1109-1113)
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A pilot investigation using ambulatory polysomnography (PSG) to assess rapid eye movement (REM) latency in depressed inpatients before and after a course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) found individual patients showed marked variability in REM latency both during and after the course of ECT.
Abstract: The authors describe a pilot investigation using ambulatory polysomnography (PSG) to assess rapid eye movement (REM) latency in 11 depressed inpatients before and after a course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Prior to beginning ECT, all subjects had REM latencies of 56 minutes or less (mean 22 min). A course of ECT was associated with clinical improvement in every patient and a statistically significant (p < 0.0002) increase of 67% in mean REM latency (37 min). However, individual patients showed marked variability in REM latency both during and after the course of ECT, and 7 of the 11 responders continued to exhibit shortened REM latencies of 34 min or less. Technical considerations related to PSG studies during ECT are reviewed and the clinical and theoretical implications of our findings are discussed.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Narcolepsy is an incurable sleep disorder characterized by attacks of sleepiness and a series of auxiliary symptoms: cataplexy, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations.
Abstract: Narcolepsy is an incurable sleep disorder characterized by attacks of sleepiness and a series of auxiliary symptoms: cataplexy, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations. Classic treatment has included stimulants to control sleepiness and tricyclic antidepressants to control the auxiliary symptoms. Polysomnography is necessary to confirm the diagnosis and to detect other sleep disorders. Recent developments in treatment include the use of codeine for sleepiness and gamma-hydroxybutyrate for auxiliary symptoms.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that recovery of sound sleep and enough rest resulted in refreshing and active lives during daytime and Transnasal continuous positive pressure (CPAP) was a useful diagnostic method to evaluate the severity of obstruction.
Abstract: Polysomnography was performed on obstructive sleep dyspnea patients before and after treatment. Based on the value of intraesophageal pressure, the grade of respiratory disturbance was classified in 4 groups; normal, slightly obstructed, moderately obstructed and highly obstructed. In general, as the grade advanced, more parameters showed abnormality, Transnasal continuous positive pressure (CPAP) was a useful diagnostic method to evaluate the severity of obstruction. During the past 7 years, polysomnography has been performed on 50 children and 62 adults who complained of sleep dyspnea. Only highly obstructed cases underwent surgery; intranasal corrective surgeries, adenotonsillectomy, sinusectomy, UPPP and any combination of these. Most of them had more than one cause. After surgery, all of them were satisfied, except for a few whose snores were not so loud even when we tested before surgery. Postoperative survey by inquiry sheets demonstrated that recovery of sound sleep and enough rest resulted in refreshing and active lives during daytime.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Over a period of two years, five patients with sleep paralysis referred themselves to four family practices in Israel serving a population of 6800, with considerable delay in consulting a physician despite the physical and mental anguish caused by the disorder.
Abstract: Over a period of two years, five patients with sleep paralysis referred themselves to four family practices in Israel serving a population of 6800. None of the patients suffered from daytime sleep attacks or cataplexy and all were from the oriental (sephardi) community. The two who were tissue typed had HLA haplotypes different from those which are exclusively associated with narcolepsy and one of them who also underwent polysomnography had a normal tracing. There was considerable delay in consulting a physician despite the physical and mental anguish caused by the disorder and some improvement was noted once the diagnosis was explained. The serious nature of the components of the differential diagnosis - myocardial infarction, seizure disorder, cardiac arrest, anaesthetic accident - makes it important that sleep paralysis be more widely recognized.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The authors' experience of 48 cases of sleep apnea syndrome diagnosed by mean of polysomnography allow no to think that Napoleon suffered from this disease.
Abstract: Napoleon would sleep very little. He frequently woke up during night and worked. Brief sleeping time in day repaired his fatigue. He had also a short and thick neck. In the last fourth of his life he progressively suffered from obesity, daily involuntary sleepiness and his intellectual capabilities undoubtedly decreased. Our experience of 48 cases of sleep apnea syndrome diagnosed by mean of polysomnography allow no to think that Napoleon suffered from this disease. Historical consequences of this pathology is discussed.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Although no specific statement concerning diagnosis or degree of OSAS can be made on the basis of an otolaryngological examination, OSAS patients should always undergo otolarian examination to exclude pharyngeal disease.
Abstract: Correlations between the manifestation of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and anatomical or functional changes in the upper respiratory tract remain controversial. The correlation between obstruction of the upper respiratory tract and the degree of sleep apnoea syndrome was investigated in 60 patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (diagnosed by polysomnography) and in 55 healthy controls. After clinical examination, rhinomanometry and determination of the size of the lower jaw and oropharynx, the motility of the pharyngeal walls during Mueller's manoeuvre was evaluated by flexible endoscopy. No significant anatomical or functional differences were observed between OSAS patients and healthy controls. There was no correlation between the degree of OSAS (expressed by the apnoea index) and pharyngeal size. Although no specific statement concerning diagnosis or degree of OSAS can be made on the basis of an otolaryngological examination, OSAS patients should always undergo otolaryngological examination to exclude pharyngeal disease.
TL;DR: A case report is presented of a man with increased daytime sleepiness and snoring due to an obstructive sleep apnea syndrome caused by webbing of the soft palate narrowing the velopharyngeal aperture and there was a marked objective and subjective improvement of patient's complaints.
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: Heavy Snorers Disease (HSD), however, is a term which better emphasizes the concept that snoring and obstructive apneas represent just the end-points of the same process.
Abstract: Two syndromes characterized by chronic alveolar hypoventilation (CAH) in the absence of pleuro-pulmonal or musculo-skeletal alterations were identified in the Fifties. One, called cardio-respiratory syndrome of obesity or Pickwickian syndrome, was found in severely obese patients; the other, primary, idiopathic or essential CAH, seen in non obese patients was attributed to a reduced excitability of the breathing centers. In the Sixties, polysomnography documented the presence of obstructive apneas during sleep in Pickwickian cases (and also in many non obese patients, until then wrongly classified as primary CAH), and the beneficial effects of tracheostomy demonstrated that obstructive apneas were the cause of the syndrome, called by us Hypersomnia with Periodic Apneas, but better known as Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). Heavy Snorers Disease (HSD), however, is a term which better emphasizes the concept that snoring and obstructive apneas represent just the end-points of the same process.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The author of this article briefly reviews the normal evolution of sleep and the classification of sleep disorders, and outlines procedures commonly used by staff of sleep-disorder clinics to assess patients.
Abstract: The physician's ability to evaluate a patient's sleep performance objectively and to study a variety of physiological functions and diseases while that patient is asleep has focused attention on sleep studies (polysomnography) as a clinically useful investigative tool. The author of this article briefly reviews the normal evolution of sleep and the classification of sleep disorders, and outlines procedures commonly used by staff of sleep-disorder clinics to assess patients.
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: Findings have shown that polysomnography can help the clinician in the therapy of patients with pulmonary problems and the effects of sleep on respiratory functions and the sleep disorders originating from respiratory problems in patients have gained new dimensions.
Abstract: Beginning from 1970’s, studies on respiratory physiology during sleep and physiopathological events in pulmonary diseases have given background to the therapy of patients with pulmonary problems (Williams, 1978). In some specialized centers the patients with COPD are studied extensively and the effects of sleep on respiratory functions and the sleep disorders originating from respiratory problems in these patients have gained new dimensions (Wynne et al., 1979). Some of these findings have shown that polysomnography can help the clinician (Guilleminault et al., 1980).