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Polysomnography

About: Polysomnography is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 19527 publications have been published within this topic receiving 858718 citations. The topic is also known as: PSG & polysomnogram.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review compiles the minimal requirements for digital sleep recording, documentation, analysis and reporting and reports the basic principles of automatic sleep analysis.

227 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In obese patients, upper airway soft tissue enlargement may play a more important role in the development of obstructive sleep apnoea, whereas in non-obese patients, bony structure discrepancies may be the dominant contributing factors for obstructiveSleep apNoea.
Abstract: The aim of this work was to comprehensively evaluate the cephalometric features in Japanese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and to elucidate the relationship between cephalometric variables and severity of apnoea. Forty-eight cephalometric variables were measured in 37 healthy males and 114 male OSA patients, who were classed into 54 non-obese (body mass index (BMI) or = 27 kg x m(-2), AHI=45.6+/-28.0 events h(-1)) groups. Diagnostic polysomnography was carried out in all of the OSA patients and in 19 of the normal controls. The non-obese OSA patients showed several cephalometric defects compared with their BMI-matched normal controls: 1) decreased facial A-P distance at cranial base, maxilla and mandible levels and decreased bony pharynx width; 2) enlarged tongue and inferior shift of the tongue volume; 3) enlarged soft palate; 4) inferiorly positioned hyoid bone; and 5) decreased upper airway width at four different levels. More extensive and severe soft tissue abnormalities with a few defects in craniofacial bony structures were found in the obese OSA group. For the non-obese OSA group, the stepwise regression model on AHI was significant with two bony structure variables as determinants: anterior cranial base length (S-N) and mandibular length (Me-Go). Although the regression model retained only linear distance between anterior vertebra and hyoid bone (H-VL) as an explainable determinant for AHI in the obese OSA group, H-VL was significantly correlated with soft tissue measurements such as overall tongue area (Ton), inferior tongue area (Ton2) and pharyngeal airway length (PNS-V). In conclusion, Japanese obstructive sleep apnoea patients have a series of cephalometric abnormalities similar to those described in Caucasian patients, and that the aetiology of obstructive sleep apnoea in obese patients may be different from that in non-obese patients. In obese patients, upper airway soft tissue enlargement may play a more important role in the development of obstructive sleep apnoea, whereas in non-obese patients, bony structure discrepancies may be the dominant contributing factors for obstructive sleep apnoea.

227 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 2009-Sleep
TL;DR: A fixed 4-session "dose" of CBT produced similar benefits for patients with primary and those with comorbid insomnia across most measures examined, suggesting CBT appears to be a viable psychological insomnia therapy.
Abstract: CHRONIC INSOMNIA IS A SERIOUS FORM OF SLEEP DISTURBANCE ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED QUALITY OF LIFE, INCREASED RISKS FOR SERIOUS PSYCHIATRIC illness, and enhanced healthcare utilization among millions worldwide.1–3 Insomnia may present either as a primary sleep disorder or as a disorder comorbid with another sleep, medical, or psychiatric disorder or a combination thereof. Both primary insomnia (PI) and comorbid insomnia (CMI) are relatively common maladies, but CMI is more prevalent than PI in both clinical venues4,5 and the general population at large.6 Moreover, CMI may be more persistent and have even more serious consequences than PI. Recent data,7 for example, show that insomnia sufferers with comorbid gastrointestinal problems, chronic pain, hypertension, or problems with breathing or urination report more chronic insomnia than do those without such conditions. Furthermore, when insomnia occurs comorbid with a psychiatric illness such as major depression, it complicates disease management and often remains as a residual symptom that enhances risk for both suicide and relapse.8,9 In view of these considerations, patients who present with insomnia and particularly those with CMI warrant early and effective treatment. Pharmacotherapy with benzodiazepine receptor agonists or sedating antidepressants currently remains the most common treatment offered to patients with insomnia.10 However, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), designed to address sleep-disruptive beliefs and habits, has become an increasingly well-regarded insomnia treatment.10 Results of meta-analyses (e.g., Smith, et al.11) and head-to-head comparisons12 suggest CBT produces short-term sleep improvements that compare favorably to those achieved with various forms of pharmacotherapy. Furthermore, sleep improvements following CBT appear to endure long after treatment is completed,13 and limited data suggest that patients prefer CBT over treatment with sleep medications.14 Given such observations, CBT has become a popular alternative for insomnia management. Most evidence supporting the efficacy of CBT comes from studies conducted with patients with PI, although there is some limited evidence supporting use of this treatment with CMI as well. Some uncontrolled case series or clinic-based studies have suggested the efficacy of CBT among patients with CMI and mixed psychiatric and medical conditions.15 Other case series or quasi-experimental studies have suggested CBT may be efficacious for treating insomnia in such specific patient groups as those with chronic pain,16 cancer,17 posttraumatic stress disorder,18 and clinical depression19 and those with mixed serious mental disorders.20 In addition, a number of small to moderately sized, single-site, randomized clinical trials have suggested that CBT is efficacious for patients with insomnia and comorbid chronic peripheral pain syndromes,21 treated breast cancer,22 fibromyalgia23, mixed medical disorders,24 mixed psychiatric and medical disorders,25 and alcoholism.26 Despite these findings, it is yet to be determined whether patients with PI or CMI show similar improvement from an equal and standard dose of CBT intervention. The current study tested the relative efficacy of CBT against a sleep hygiene control treatment (SH) in patients with PI and in a group of patients with CMI composed predominantly of individuals with mixed comorbid psychiatric disorders. The study hypotheses predicted that CBT would produce significantly greater short- and longer-term improvements in insomnia symptoms than would sleep hygiene in the sample as a whole. The data obtained were also examined to assess the relative efficacy of CBT in the PI and CMI groups considered separately.

227 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 1986-Sleep
TL;DR: It is noteworthy, therefore, that the central biochemical changes induced by GHB also appear comparable to those found naturally in narcolepsy.
Abstract: Previous studies on the effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) on the sleep and clinical response of patients with narcolepsy are reviewed. New information on 48 patients treated with GHB for as long as 9 years is presented. These studies indicate that 2.25 to 3.00 g of GHB, taken in conjunction with a low dose of a stimulant during the day, rapidly alleviate the symptoms of narcolepsy in most patients. Tolerance does not develop to this treatment regimen; neither have any patients discontinued the treatment because of side effects. In poor responders, daytime drowsiness and not cataplexy has been the most common residual symptom. Sleep studies reveal that GHB induces REM followed by slow wave sleep. Although total sleep time at night may be unchanged, sleep is less fragmented. GHB appears to be effective because it can induce the symptoms of narcolepsy and contain them at night. It is noteworthy, therefore, that the central biochemical changes induced by GHB also appear comparable to those found naturally in narcolepsy.

227 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the occurrence of high-frequency gamma activity (30-60 Hz) and its relationship to other frequency band activities were examined by spectral analysis of the electroencephalogram in association with sleep wake states and spontaneous behaviors in the rat.

226 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
20231,010
20221,884
20211,102
20201,023
20191,026