Polysomnography

About: Polysomnography is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 19527 publications have been published within this topic receiving 858718 citations. The topic is also known as: PSG & polysomnogram.

Progression and regression of sleep-disordered breathing with changes in weight : The sleep heart health study

Abstract: Background The relationship of weight changes to the incidence, progression, and remission of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is not well defined. This study aims to determine the relationship between change in weight and progression or remission of SDB by polysomnography. Methods We performed a longitudinal cohort study of the cardiovascular consequences of sleep apnea in diverse US communities. Sleep apnea and polysomnographic indicators of SDB were assessed 5 years apart. Results A total of 2968 men and women (mean age, 62 years) participated in the study. Men were more likely to have an increase in Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) with a given increase in weight than were women, and this was not explained by differences in starting weight, waist circumference, age, or ethnicity. In a linear regression analysis, both men and women had a greater increase in RDI with weight gain than a decrease in RDI with weight loss. In a categorical analysis of larger degrees of change, this sex difference was also evident. Associations were similar in diverse ethnic groups. However, SDB progressed over time, even in those with stable weight. Conclusion Modest changes in weight were related to an increase or decrease in SDB, and this association was stronger in men than in women.

Sympathetic Activity in Obese Subjects With and Without Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Abstract: Background—Obese humans are reported to have increased muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may also be accompanied by increased MSNA Because there is a high prevalence of OSA in obese humans, it is possible that high MSNA reported in obese subjects may in fact reflect the presence of OSA in these subjects We tested the hypothesis that obesity, per se, in the absence of OSA, is not accompanied by increased MSNA Methods and Results—We measured MSNA in 25 healthy normal-weight subjects and 30 healthy sedentary obese subjects All subjects were screened by history and examination to exclude subjects with OSA or hypertension OSA was further excluded by overnight polysomnographic studies Despite careful screening, polysomnography revealed that 1 of 25 normal-weight subjects and 9 of 30 obese subjects had occult OSA (P=0015) MSNA was similar in normal-weight subjects (41±3 bursts per 100 heartbeats) and obese subjects without sleep apnea (42±3 bursts per 100 heartbeats,

Sleep in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Meta-Analysis of Subjective and Objective Studies

Abstract: Objective To perform a meta-analysis of subjective (i.e., based on questionnaires) and objective (i.e., using poly-somnography or actigraphy) studies comparing sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus controls. Method We searched for subjective and objective sleep studies (1987–2008) in children with ADHD (diagnosed according to standardized criteria). Studies including subjects pharmacologically treated or with comorbid anxiety/depressive disorders were excluded. Results Sixteen studies, providing 9 subjective and 15 objective parameters and including a total pooled sample of 722 children with ADHD versus 638 controls, were retained. With regard to subjective items, the meta-analysis indicated that children with ADHD had significantly higher bedtime resistance ( z = 6.94, p z = 9.38, p z = 2.15, p = .031), difficulties with morning awakenings ( z = 5.19, p z = 2.05, p = .040), and daytime sleepiness ( z = 1.96, p = .050) compared with the controls. As for objective parameters, sleep onset latency (on actigraphy), the number of stage shifts/hour sleep, and the apnea-hypopnea index were significantly higher in the children with ADHD compared with the controls ( z = 3.44, p = .001; z = 2.43, p = .015; z = 3.47, p = .001, respectively). The children with ADHD also had significantly lower sleep efficiency on polysomnography ( z = 2.26, p = .024), true sleep time on actigraphy ( z = 2.85, p = .004), and average times to fall asleep for the Multiple Sleep Latency Test ( z = 6.37, p Conclusions The children with ADHD are significantly more impaired than the controls in most of the subjective and some of the objective sleep measures. These results lay the groundwork for future evidence-based guidelines on the management of sleep disturbances in children with ADHD.

Sleep disordered breathing in children in a general population sample: prevalence and risk factors.

Abstract: THE PREVALENCE OF SLEEP DISORDERED BREATHING (SDB) IN CHILDREN, BASED ON OBJECTIVE FINDINGS, HAS BEEN ESTIMATED IN SEVERAL STUDIES.1–10 These prevalence estimates have varied widely from 0.7% to 13.0%. This wide range of prevalence is at least partially due to the fact that SDB in children was defined based on an assortment of methods of assessing for the presence of SDB. These methods included: only hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2)2,8; SpO2 + airflow3,4; and SpO2 + airflow + effort.5,7,9 Only 3 of these studies used a full polysomnogram (PSG),1,6,10 however, the number of subjects evaluated in these PSG studies was very small (N = 12–50). The majority of these studies had relatively narrow age ranges,2–4,6–10 while others had relatively wide age ranges.1,5 Some of these studies were primarily focused on ages < 6 years 2–4,8 while others included subjects as old as 18 years.1,5 Another limitation of the available studies is that they have not systematically assessed a wide range of risk factors that may contribute to SDB in children. This may reflect the paucity studies large enough to evaluate potential variables. Thus, the objectives of this study were (1) to establish the prevalence of SDB based on cutoff points of respiratory events that we have previously observed to be associated with a clinically significant risk (i.e., elevated systolic blood pressure), and (2) to identify independent risk factors for SDB. This study is based on the largest population-based sample of elementary school-aged children available to date.

Improvement of Sleep Apnea in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Who Undergo Nocturnal Hemodialysis

Abstract: Background Sleep apnea is common in patients with chronic renal failure and is not improved by either conventional hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. With nocturnal hemodialysis, patients undergo hemodialysis seven nights per week at home, while sleeping. We hypothesized that nocturnal hemodialysis would correct sleep apnea in patients with chronic renal failure because of its greater effectiveness. Methods Fourteen patients who were undergoing conventional hemodialysis for four hours on each of three days per week underwent overnight polysomnography. The patients were then switched to nocturnal hemodialysis for eight hours during each of six or seven nights a week. They underwent polysomnography again 6 to 15 months later on one night when they were undergoing nocturnal hemodialysis and on another night when they were not. Results The mean (±SD) serum creatinine concentration was significantly lower during the period when the patients were undergoing nocturnal hemodialysis than during the period when t...