Polysomnography

About: Polysomnography is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 19527 publications have been published within this topic receiving 858718 citations. The topic is also known as: PSG & polysomnogram.

Sleep disorders and daytime sleepiness in children with attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder.

Abstract: Study Objectives: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD), in spite of being hyperactive, still benefit from treatment with stimulant medications. We hypothesized that children with ADHD are in fact sleepy during the day, and we sought to test it objectively. Design: Single blind comparative study Setting: University medical center Participants: Thirty-four children with a previous diagnosis of ADHD (mean age ± SD, 12.4 ± 4.6 years) and 32 matched controls (mean age, 12.0 ± 3.6 years ). Interventions: N/A. Measurements: All participants underwent a full-night polysomnographic study followed by a multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). Results: Sleep latency, total sleep time, and sleep efficiency were comparable between the groups, yet children with ADHD were significantly sleepier during the day than those in the control group (mean MSLT score of 21.9 ± 5.5 minutes versus 27.9 ± 2.0 minutes, P <.005). Of the children with ADHD, 17 (50%) had signs of sleep-disordered breathing, compared with 7 of the control group (22%, P <.05). Five of the ADHD group had periodic limb movements during sleep (15%) versus none in the control group. Children without sleep-disordered breathing or periodic limb movements during sleep had the lowest nocturnal sleep efficiency and total sleep time. Conclusions: We conclude that children with ADHD demonstrate objective daytime somnolence, which may explain the beneficial effects of treatment with stimulant medications. Primary sleep disorders, especially sleep-disordered breathing and periodic limb movement disorder, should be looked for in children with ADHD. Citation: Golan, N; Shahar E; Ravid S; Pillar G. Sleep disorders and daytime sleepiness in children with attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder.

Idiopathic hypersomnia : A series of 42 patients

Abstract: The features of idiopathic hypersomnia are not well defined. We reviewed clinical and laboratory information on 42 subjects with idiopathic hypersomnia and obtained detailed follow-up evaluations on 28 of them. Only 29% of subjects had 'classic' idiopathic hypersomnia with non-imperative sleepiness, long unrefreshing naps, prolonged night-time sleep, difficult awakening with sleep drunkenness and prominent mood disturbances. Thirty-two percent had clinical features similar to narcolepsy, i.e. irresistible sleepiness, short and refreshing naps, few problems with awakening and good response to stimulants, without cataplexy or any indication of abnormal REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. The other 39% had intermediate clinical characteristics. We found no increase in the frequency of the human leucocyte antigens associated with narcolepsy. Overall, response to stimulants was good in three-quarters of the patients and spontaneous improvement of sleepiness occurred in one-quarter. Possible aetiologies identified in 10 patients included viral illness, head trauma and primary mood disorder. Idiopathic hypersomnia is a rare syndrome in which clinical heterogeneity suggests a variable or multifactoral pathogenesis. Only a minority of cases correspond to classical descriptions. Stimulants are often beneficial and spontaneous improvement appears to be more common than in narcolepsy.