Population

About: Population is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2106601 publications have been published within this topic receiving 62743527 citations.

Estrogens and Endometrial Cancer in a Retirement Community

Abstract: All cases of endometrial cancer occurring among the residents of an affluent retirement community were compared with controls chosen from a roster of all women in the same community. Evidence of estrogen and other drug use and of selected medical conditions was obtained from three sources: medical records of the principal care facility, interviews, and the records of the local pharmacy. The risk ratio for any estrogen use was estimated from all available evidence to be 8.0 (95 per cent confidence interval, 3.5 to 18.1), and that for conjugated estrogen use to be 5.6 (95 per cent confidence interval, 2.8 to 11.1). Increased risk from estrogens was shown for invasive as well as noninvasive cancer, and a dose-response effect was demonstrated. For an estrogen user, the risk from endometrial cancer appeared to exceed by far the base-line risk from any other single cancer. (N Engl J Med 294:1262–1267, 1976)

Worldwide burden of colorectal cancer: a review.

Abstract: Colorectal cancer is a major public health problem, being the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth cause of cancer death worldwide. There is wide variation over time among the different geographic areas due to variable exposure to risk factors, introduction and uptake of screening as well as access to appropriate treatment services. Indeed, a large proportion of the disparities may be attributed to socioeconomic status. Although colorectal cancer continues to be a disease of the developed world, incidence rates have been rising in developing countries. Moreover, the global burden is expected to further increase due to the growth and aging of the population and because of the adoption of westernized behaviors and lifestyle. Colorectal cancer screening has been proven to greatly reduce mortality rates that have declined in many longstanding as well as newly economically developed countries. Statistics on colorectal cancer occurrence are essential to develop targeted strategies that could alleviate the burden of the disease. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of incidence, mortality and survival rates for colorectal cancer as well as their geographic variations and temporal trends.

Public Information and Breeding Habitat Selection in a Wild Bird Population

Abstract: According to the “public information” hypothesis, some animal species may monitor the current reproductive success of conspecifics to assess local habitat quality and to choose their own subsequent breeding site. To test this hypothesis experimentally, we manipulated two components of public information, the mean number of offspring raised locally (“quantity”) and their condition (“quality”), in the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis. Immigration rate decreased with local offspring quantity but did not depend on local offspring quality, suggesting that immigrants are deprived of information regarding local quality. Conversely, emigration rate increased both when local offspring quantity or quality decreased, suggesting that residents can use both components of public information.