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Showing papers on "Potassium dichromate published in 2008"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: All the biochemical contents and enzyme activities of water lettuce and soybean seedlings showed a great variation with respect to the increase in chromium concentrations and total inhibition of all the parameters were observed at 300 mg/L chromium concentration.

98 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results showed that both trivalent and hexavalent chromium inhibit root growth and cause mitotic irregularities comprising c-mitosis, anaphase bridges, chromosome stickiness, and chromosome fragmentation and lagging.
Abstract: The effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium on root growth, cell division and chromosome morphology of Allium cepa were studied. The concentrations used of chromium nitrate and potassium dichromate were 2 × 10-1, 2 × 10-2, 2 × 10-3, 2 × 10-4, 2 × 10-5, 2 × 10-6, and 2 × 10-7M. The results showed that both trivalent and hexavalent chromium inhibit root growth and cause mitotic irregularities comprising c-mitosis, anaphase bridges, chromosome stickiness, and chromosome fragmentation and lagging. When compared with chromium nitrate on the equimolar basis, potassium dichromate showed a stronger inhibitory and toxic effect on root growth and cell division, respectively. The possible mechanism of the Cr poisoning of root meristem cells of Allium cepa is also briefly discussed.

92 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that the glutathione system may be responsible for protecting against the deleterious effects of dichromate in fish and indicate the possible development of an adaptive response during the 96 h treatment with the toxicant.

80 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ability of garlic powder to ameliorate K( 2)Cr(2)O(7)-induced renal injury is associated with its antioxidant properties, and the data support the use of garlic Powder as a renoprotective agent.

67 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Taurine seems to exert some beneficial effects against Cr(VI)-induced oxidative stress in liver tissue and nonprotein sulfhydryls levels in pretreatment or posttreatment.
Abstract: Acute exposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds can cause hepatotoxicity. Reactive intermediates and free radicals generated during reduction process may be responsible for Cr(VI) toxicity. In this study, the effects of pretreatment or posttreatment of taurine on Cr(VI)-induced oxidative stress and chromium accumulation in liver tissue of Swiss Albino mice were investigated. Single intraperitoneal (ip) potassium dichromate treatment (20 mgCr/kg), as Cr(VI) compound, significantly elevated the level of lipid peroxidation as compared with control group (p 0.05). In view of the results, taurine seems to exert some beneficial effects against Cr(VI)-induced oxidative stress in liver tissue.

61 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results show that NDGA was able to ameliorate the structural and functional renal damage evaluated by histopathological analysis and by measuring proteinuria, urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase, serum creatinine, and serum glutathione peroxidase activity, which strongly suggest that the antioxidant properties of NDGA are involved in its renoprotective effect in K(2)Cr(2).

47 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, experiments were carried out to estimate sorptivity of chitosan beads and their selectivity towards Cu2+ (copper sulfate), Zn2+(zinc sulfate) and Cr6+ (potassium dichromate) ions.

41 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Garlic (Allium sativum) has some beneficial effect in preventing heavy metal induced alteration of lipid profile and Nickel sulfate and potassium dichromate treated rats showed a significant increase in serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) level.
Abstract: We have studied the effect of simultaneous oral treatment of aqueous garlic extract (Allium sativum) on heavy metal (nickel II and chromium VI) induced changes in serum lipid profile. Nickel sulfate and potassium dichromate treated rats showed a significant increase in serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) level as well as decrease in serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level. Simultaneous garlic administration with nickel sulfate showed improvement in serum LDL-C, HDL-C, VLDL-C and TG level. But in case of potassium dichromate, garlic administration did not show satisfactory improvement in lipid profile except VLDL-C and TG level. The results indicate that garlic (Allium sativum) has some beneficial effect in preventing heavy metal (nickel and chromium VI) induced alteration of lipid profile.

32 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work has shown that the patch test, the standard assay for the detection of chromium sensitization, does not allow discrimination between patients with and without clinical symptoms of allergy.
Abstract: Summary Background The standard assay for the detection of chromium sensitization, the patch test, does not allow discrimination between patients with and without clinical symptoms of allergy. Objective The aim of this study was to prove whether cellular in vitro tests are predictive of chromium allergy. Methods Chromium-sensitized volunteers with and without clinically manifest allergy and non-sensitized healthy controls (n=37, 19, and 26, respectively) were analysed by cellular in vitro methods using tri- and hexavalent chromium (chromium chloride and potassium dichromate) as stimuli. The results were correlated with clinical and anamnestic data. Results Sensitized individuals with an allergy displayed significantly higher lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) responses than sensitized volunteers without allergy and controls (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). 12.5 μg/mL of chromium chloride and 50 ng/mL of potassium dichromate were found to be optimal to discriminate between sensitized individuals with and without allergy. Combining the results of chromium chloride and potassium dichromate LTT, a positive reaction to at least one of the stimuli was highly predictive of allergy [sensitization with vs. without allergy: Odds ratio (OR)=6.4, P=0.004; sensitization with allergy vs. controls: OR=11.5, P<0.0001]. On the contrary, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-12 production to the ELISpot, patch test results, sensitization against other metals, and atopy score did not significantly discriminate between sensitization with and without allergy. However, IFN-γ responses towards chromium chloride were significantly correlated with the strength of patch test reactivity (r=0.49, P=0.002). By IFN-γ ELISpot, the average precursor cell frequency reactive to trivalent chromium could be defined as 26, 15, and 11 : 106 in volunteers with sensitization and allergy, with sensitization without allergy, and controls, respectively. Conclusions In contrast to the patch test, the LTT appears to be a method that is predictive of chromium allergy.

30 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results confirm the clastogenic effect of potassium dichromate in armored catfishes’ erythropoiesis and show that armored catfish can be used to monitor acute effects of metallic pollutant spills in freshwater.
Abstract: The present work aims to evaluate the impact of potassium dichromate in armored catfishes’ (Hypostomus plecotomus) erythropoiesis, using piscine micronucleus test. Armored catfishes (n = 30) were subjected to 12 mg/L of potassium dichromate, with an equal control group (n = 30). For each 2,000 red blood cells of animals subjected to treatment, it was possible to observe 8.25 ± 0.02% cells with micronuclei and 17 ± 0.005 mg/kg of total chrome in tissues, detected through atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In the control group, the average was 0.75 ± 0.03% for micronuclei and 1.08 ± 0.04 mg/kg of chrome in tissues. The results confirm the clastogenic effect of potassium dichromate. The sensibility to this ion and the economic relevance of H. plecotomus show that armored catfish can be used to monitor acute effects of metallic pollutant spills in freshwater.

19 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Oral administration of K2Cr2O7 is shown to decrease in the activities of BBM enzymes, increase in oxidative stress and alters the Activities of anti-oxidant enzymes in rat intestine.
Abstract: Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) is a soluble hexavalent chromium compound that is widely used in several industries. In the present work the effect of administration of K2Cr2O7 on rat intestinal brush border membrane(BBM) enzymes and anti-oxidant system was studied. Rats were given a single oral dose of K2Cr2O7 (100 mg/kg bodyweight) and sacrificed 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h after the treatment.Control animals were not given K2Cr2O7. The administration of K2Cr2O7 resulted in a reversible decline in the specific activities of several BBM enzymes. The decrease in the activities of these enzymes was due to changes in the maximum velocity while their affinities for the substrates remained unchanged. Lipid peroxidation increased while total SH groups decreased in K2Cr2O7-treated rats as compared to controls indicating increased oxidative stress in the intestinal mucosa. The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase increased while those of catalase, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased. The maximum changes in all the parameters studied above were 24 h after administration of K2Cr2O7 after which recovery took place,in most cases almost to control values after 96 h. These results show that oral administration of K2Cr2O7 to decrease in the activities of BBM enzymes, increase in oxidative stress and alters the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes in rat intestine.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results show that chromium is mobilized from the most labile phases (soluble/exchangeable/carbonate) and the amount of chromium extracted in the first step drops from 80% to 9%, but also that changes in the total chromium distribution occur during the treatment with some transferred to other soil phases that are more difficult to mobilize.
Abstract: A laboratory study has been carried out to determine the feasibility of in situ remediation of chromium (VI)-contaminated soil using electrodialysis in relation to its speciation in soil. This technique is best suited for low-permeability soils or sediments, which may be difficult to remediate by other means and implies the application of a low-intensity direct current to the soil, which is separated from the electrode compartments by ion-exchange membranes. A clayey soil was prepared for use in the experiments and was characterized before being mixed with a solution of potassium dichromate for several days to produce a final Cr content of 4,056 mg/kg of soil dry wt. Remediation tests were carried out under constant-voltage conditions for periods of 7–14 days and the evolution of applied current to the cell, pH, and conductivity of the electrolytes were recorded periodically. Fractionation of chromium was determined for soil samples before and after remediation using a standardized four-step sequential extraction procedure (SEP) with acetic acid, hydroxylamine, hydrogen peroxide, and aqua regia solutions. Results show that chromium is mobilized from the most labile phases (soluble/exchangeable/carbonate). In a 15 V test, SEP results show that the amount of chromium extracted in the first step drops from 80% to 9%, but also that changes in the total chromium distribution occur during the treatment with some transferred to other soil phases that are more difficult to mobilize.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evaluation of the sensitivity of potassium dichromate to neotropical fishes to Piaractus mesopotamicus, Hyphessobrycon eques (mato-grosso) e Phallocerus caudimaculatus (guaru) found it to be low.
Abstract: Sensibility of neotropical fishes to dichromate of potassium The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of potassium dichromate to Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacu), Hyphessobrycon eques (mato-grosso) e Phallocerus caudimaculatus (guaru). The LC(I)50;96h for the P. mesopotamicus was 144.50 ± 19.67 mg L -1 ; for the H. Eques, 130.79 ± 10.02 mg L -1 ; and for the P. Caudimaculatus, of 154.39 ± 6.72 mg L -1 .

Journal ArticleDOI
Ji-yan Wang1, Fu-an Wang1, Peng Zhang1, Cheng-wei Li1, Baozeng Ren1 
TL;DR: In this article, the dependence of density and viscosity on temperature and concentration has been correlated and the relationship between relative changes in viscosities and solute-mixed solvent interaction has been probed.
Abstract: Densities and viscosities of chromium trioxide + potassium chromate + potassium dichromate + water quaternary mixtures and potassium chromate + potassium dichromate + water ternary mixtures have been measured from (298.15 to 333.15) K. The dependence of density and viscosity on temperature and concentration has been correlated. Apparent molar volumes, standard partial molar volumes, and the viscosity B-coefficient of chromium trioxide were calculated from the experimental measurements. The solute-mixed solvent interaction, solute–solute interaction, and structure-making effect of chromium trioxide have been discussed using the Helper equation and the Jones−Dole equation. The relationship between relative changes in viscosity and solute-mixed solvent interaction has been probed.

Journal Article
TL;DR: It is suggested that preparation technique, media and time of incubation has an essential influence on the development rate of H. gallinarum eggs.
Abstract: The importance of preparation technique, culture media and incubation time in the embryonation of the infective egg stages of the intestinal nematode parasite Heterakis gallinarum was studied. Mature H. gallinarum worms were isolated from the caeca of infected chickens and separated by sex. In a first experiment intact female worms were kept for the development of their eggs in four different media (0.5% formalin, 2% formalin, 0.1 N sulphuric acid, 0.1% potassium dichromate) and incubated under constant temperature (20-22 degrees C) for 2, 4, 6 or 8 weeks. Afterwards the body of the worms were ruptured and the numbers of unembryonated and embryonated eggs were determined using a McMaster egg counting chamber, and the percentage of embryonated eggs was calculated. After 8 weeks of incubation in 0.5% formalin, 0.1 N sulphuric acid or 0.1% potassium dichromate 27.6%, 26.7% and 29.4% of the eggs, respectively, embryonated into third stage larvae (p > 0.05). In contrast, incubation in 2% formalin resulted in an embryonation of 18.6% only (p < 0.05). In a second experiment H. gallinarum eggs were directly harvested from worm uteri and cultivated afterwards in different media (2% formalin, 0.1 N sulphuric acid, 0.1% potassium dichromate) at 20 to 22 degrees C for 6 weeks. An incubation of isolated eggs in 2.0% formalin or 0.1% potassium dichromate during 6 weeks resulted in a significantly higher percentage of embryonation in comparison to the incubation of intact worms (first experiment). The results suggest that preparation technique, media and time of incubation has an essential influence on the development rate of H. gallinarum eggs.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, freshly defecated unsporulated oocysts of Eimeria piriformis from rabbit were treated with various concentrations (1, 2.5, 5, and 10%) of chromium compounds, potassium dichromate, potassium chromate, chromium oxide and chromium nitrate, to examine their effect on sporulation.
Abstract: Freshly defecated unsporulated oocysts of Eimeria piriformis from rabbit were treated with various concentrations (1%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%) of chromium compounds, potassium dichromate, potassium chromate, chromium oxide and chromium nitrate, to examine their effect on sporulation. The sporulation time of oocysts treated with 1 to 10% K(2)Cr(2)O(7) was 28 h. However, much longer sporulation times of about 60 h were required for oocysts treated with 2.5% CrO(3) and Cr(NO(3))(3). Moreover, for oocysts treated with distilled water, 1% K(2)CrO(4) and 10% K(2)CrO(4), the sporulation times required were 216, 156 and 96 h, respectively. Thus, potassium dichromate was found to have higher catalytic activity for the sporulation of E. piriformis oocysts than other chromium compounds.

Patent
30 Jul 2008
TL;DR: In this article, a combustion-supporting desulfurating coal-saving additive which is used in the burning coal in boiler, the preparation of which is composed of 24-35 percent combustion improvers of methanol, aether, tween-80, 32-38 percent oxidants of potassium permanganate, potassium chlorate and potassium dichromate; 4-28 percent desulfURizer in which quicklime, potassium permagenate and quicklime take part in; 18-22 percent anti-coking agent which contains potassium dichrome and quick
Abstract: The invention provides a combustion-supporting desulfurating coal-saving additive which is used in the burning coal in boiler, the preparation of which is composed of 24-35 percent combustion improvers of methanol, aether, tween-80; 32-38 percent oxidants of potassium permanganate, potassium chlorate and potassium dichromate; 4-28 percent desulfurizer in which quicklime, potassium permanganate, potassium chlorate and potassium dichromate take part in; 18-22 percent anti-coking agent which contains potassium dichromate and quicklime; the rest is water, which complement the total volume of the additive to be 100 percent. The additive is prepared by adding water in the quicklime to produce lime cream; heating the water for acting as solution, after potassium permanganate, potassium chlorate and potassium dichromate are added into the solution and are stirred evenly; adding and mixing the methanol and tween-80 into the solution evenly, and then adding and mixing the lime cream into the solution evenly; finally adding and mixing the aether into the solution evenly; and preserving the heat for 1 hour. The invention can improve the desulfurization rate by 40 percent, improve the coal saving rate by 25 percent, and improve the thermal efficiency of the boiler by up to 5-10 percent; and can prevent the occurrence of boiler coking accident.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Curcumin was proved as a protective agent against Ni and Cr induced genotoxicity at two different exposure intervals with a single dose and the amelioration of this toxicity using curcumin.
Abstract: KEYWORDS Acrocentric association; telomeric association; C-anaphase; nickel; chromium; curcumin; blood cultures ABSTRACT Tanners, welders and workers in various industries are exposed to acute and chronic toxicity of these heavy metals world wide. The present work is undertaken to evaluate the genotoxic effects of Ni and Cr at two different exposure intervals with a single dose and the amelioration of this toxicity using curcumin. Ni in form of nickel chloride (4.216 X 10 -5 M) and Cr as potassium dichromate (1.36 X 10 -6 M) were exposed for 24 and 69 hours to human blood lymphocyte cultures. The genotoxicity was measured by changes in acrocentric and telomeric association and C-anaphase. Results revealed a significant positive correlation between DNA damage and exposure time in Ni and Cr added cultures alone. Likewise it was also observed in cultures with combination of both pro-oxidants. Groups supplemented with curcumin (3.87 X 10 -7 M) showed insignificant cytogenetic damage indicating its protective role which was calculated as percentage amelioration. Thus these data proved curcumin as a protective agent against Ni and Cr induced genotoxicity.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors described several different types of peanut shells in the determination of cellulose and lignin content approach and selected concentrated sulphuric acid hydrolysis,oxidation of potassium dichromate peanut shell in cellulose.
Abstract: This paper describes several different types of peanut shells in the determination of cellulose and lignin content approachIt selects concentrated sulphuric acid hydrolysis,oxidation of potassium dichromate peanut shell in celluloseIt separates the acetic acid,sulfuric acid hydrolysis of peanut shells in the lignin

Journal Article
TL;DR: Curcumin has a mitigating effect against micronuclei induced by metal salts due to its antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties.
Abstract: Chromium and nickel are widely used industrial chemicals.Welders in India are inclined to possible occupational chromium and nickel exposure. We have investigated the Genotoxicity exerted by nickel (Ni) in the form of nickel chloride (4.216 X 10−5M) and chromium (Cr) in the form of potassium dichromate (1.36 X 106M), alone and in combination and mitigating effect of curcumin (3.87 X 10−7M) was studied at two different exposure intervals (24 and 69 hours) in toxicant added human blood cultures. Evaluation of genotoxicity was done by micronuclei (MN) assay. One thousand binucleate cells per group were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed by one way ANOVA followed by Dunett's test and percentage amelioration was calculated. Nickel and chromium proved to be more toxic in 69-hours exposure than in 24 hours in induction of micronuclei. Curcumin supplementation exhibited significant (71%-92%) amelioration at both exposure intervals. Hence, curcumin has a mitigating effect against micronuclei induced by metal salts due to its antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties.

Journal Article
TL;DR: An analytical method using potassium dichromate and diphenylcarbazide for determination of carbon disulphide has been proposed in this article, which has been successfully applied for the determination of CS 2 in grain samples, fungicides (ziram, thiram) and various environmental and biological samples.
Abstract: An analytical method using potassium dichromate and diphenylcarbazide for determination of carbon disulphide has been proposed. In this method carbon disulphide reduces the Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and the unreduced Cr(VI) forms a pink-purple complex with diphenylcarbazide in acidic medium, which is measured spectrophotometrically at 530 nm. Beer's law is obeyed over a concentration range of 0.01 to 0.1 μg mL -1 . Molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity were found to be 5.5 x 10 5 L mol -1 cm -1 and 0.00013 μg cm -2 respectively. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters were evaluated. The effect of interfering ions on the determination of CS 2 was studied. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of CS 2 in grain samples, fungicides (ziram, thiram) and various environmental and biological samples.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, current oscillations of a Zn anode in solutions of nitric acid and potassium dichromate were analyzed using cyclic voltammetry, current-time plots and attractors.
Abstract: This paper presents current oscillations of a Zn anode in solutions of nitric acid and potassium dichromate. The effects of the nitric acid concentration were investigated. The system was analyzed using cyclic voltammetry, current-time plots and attractors. It was found that the concentration of nitric acid has a major effect on the behavior of the system and it is proposed that zinc hydroxide precipitation-dissolution processes are responsible for the current oscillations.

Patent
08 Oct 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, a process method for the constant temperature chemical oxidation black dyeing of the iron nickel alloy for the optical instrument, which belongs to the process method of the black coloring of the metal surface treatment, is provided.
Abstract: The invention relates to a process method for the constant temperature chemical oxidation black dyeing of the iron nickel alloy for the optical instrument, which belongs to the process method of the black dyeing of the iron nickel alloy in the technical field of the metal surface treatment The invention solves the technical problems that the process method for the constant temperature chemical oxidation black dyeing of the iron nickel alloy for the optical instrument is provided The invention adopts the technical proposal that firstly, an operating tank and a hanging tool are made of ordinary steel material with low cost; secondly, the components of tank liquor comprises sodium hydroxide, sodium nitrite, potassium dichromate, sodium molybdate and trisodium phosphate, above all, the sodium hydroxide, sodium nitrite, potassium dichromate, sodium molybdate and trisodium phosphate are respectively dissolved with a small amount of tap water and then mixed, secondly, the tank liquor is supplied up to the volume with calculated amount; thirdly, the temperature elevation of the tank liquor is divided into two periods to be operated, and finally the temperature is set between 152 DEG C to 162 DEG C; fourthly, after oil removal and activating treatment, an oxidization operating workpiece is delivered into the tank to be oxidized for 1 to 3 hours; fifthly, after being washed and dried, the workpiece is closed to be processed, the cost of the black dyeing process is low, and the extinction effect is good

01 Feb 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, the reduction of toxic metal, especially Cr6+, could be done by ion exchange resin The substitution of Cr6+ ion with other non-toxic ion contained in the resin will reduce the amount of toxic chromium to the permitted level In this study ion exchange was done using Dowex SBR-P (Styrene-DVB) anion resin.
Abstract: The reduction of toxic metal, especially Cr6+, could be done by ion exchange resin The substitution of Cr6+ ion with other non-toxic ion contained in the resin will reduce the amount of toxic chromium to the permitted level In this study ion exchange was done using Dowex SBR-P (Styrene-DVB) anion resin Experiments were done using potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) as source of Cr6+ ion This compound was diluted in water inside a beaker glass Then a desired amount of resin were added and stirred at until a desired time reached The result was analyzed by spectrophotometric method using 1-5 diphenylcarbazide (DPC) as an indicator Results shows the highest adsorption was 4064%, reached at stirring speed of 190 rpm, for 60 minutes and resin weight 25 gram with the amount of potassium dichromate 33 gram Keywords: chromium metal, ion exchange resin

Journal ArticleDOI
Fu-an Wang1, Ji-yan Wang1, Peng Zhang1, Cheng-wei Li1, Baozeng Ren1 
TL;DR: In this article, a molecular thermodynamic model of refractive indices for aqueous solutions of chromium compounds is proposed, based on the author's molecular model for solution structure and an equation for the excess enthalpy of a binary solution obtained from the experimental measurements.
Abstract: The aim of this work is to solve the key problems of the green production process for chromium trioxide and to study the thermodynamic properties of corresponding solutions. The refractive indices of quaternary mixtures (chromium trioxide + potassium chromate + potassium dichromate + water) have been measured from 298.15-333.15 K. A molecular thermodynamic model of refractive indices for aqueous solutions of chromium compounds is proposed, based on the author's molecular model for solution structure and an equation for the excess enthalpy of a binary solution obtained from the experimental measurements. The model parameters are confirmed and quantitative equations for the variation of the model parameters with temperature and the molality of potassium dichromate in the mixed solvent are established. The data predicted by the model are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The result showed that the potassium dichromate was the best bacteriostatic among those bacteriouthatices andalidixic acid was the most important among the three bacteriOSTatices.
Abstract: The effect of bacteriostatic such as penicillin,norfloxacin,nalidixic acid,potassium dichromate and tatin were studied individually.The orthogonal design was used in this experiment and the software STATISTICA6.0 was employed to analyse the result.The result showed that the potassium dichromate was the best bacteriostatic among those bacteriostatices.The best bacteriostatics assembly was potassium dichromate 50 mg·L-1,nalidixic acid 10 mg·L-1,norfloxacin 10 mg·L-1.More over,nalidixic acid was the most important among the three bacteriostatices.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The developed method is simple,rapid,specific and sensitive for determination of ethamsylate.
Abstract: Objective:To develop a new method for the determination of ethamsylate.Method:In 1.2 mol·L~(-1) sul- phuric acid solution,ethamsylate can be oxidized by potassium dichromate to form an oxidation product determined by UV-spectrophotometry at 250 nm.Results:The molar absorption coefficient (e) is 1.8×10~4 L·min~(-1)·cm~(-1).The reaction obeyed Beer's law within the range of 0.12-36.0 μg·mL~(-1),the linear equation is A =0.00364+0.0651c(r =0.9999)for the investigated drug,and the detection limit is 0.08 μg·mL~(-1).The drug recovery rate is 92.5%- 105.3% with the developed methods to determine injection of ethamsylate form and urine samples.Conclusion:The developed method is simple ,rapid ,specific and sensitive for determination of ethamsylate.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the condition of red mud's leaching by HCl and determined the content of iron by potassium dichromate titration was studied, and the result showed that the iron was adequately removed in the acid wash stage,however, there were a lot of sodium chloride in precipitation,and after washing in water, they recovered pure ferric oxide.
Abstract: The paper studied the condition of red mud′s leaching by HCl,and determined the content of iron by potassium dichromate titration;The leachate which was leached with HCl from red mud was treated with a dilute caustic to precipitate ferric hydroxide;After 3 hours of aging,the precipitation was filtrated,dried at 110℃ in oven,calcined at 500℃ in muffle furnace,washed with water and dried again,and we characterized the composition of sample before and after washing using X-ray diffraction.The result showed that the iron was adequately removed in the acid wash stage,however,there were a lot of sodium chloride in precipitation,and after washing in water,we recovered pure ferric oxide.The average recovery of iron is up to 89.36% or so.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the combustion of mixtures of sodium azide with aluminum oxide and potassium dichromate occurs in a chaotic self-oscillatory regime, and that increasing the size of the starting mixture from 40 to 60 K to 250 to 500 µm can lead to significant stabilization of its combustion parameters.
Abstract: It is established that the combustion of mixtures of sodium azide with aluminum oxide and potassium dichromate at the lower limit for the dichromate content occurs in a chaotic self-oscillatory regime. Modification of the structure of the starting mixture by increasing the dichromate particle sizes from 40–60 K to 250–500 µm lead to significant stabilization of its combustion parameters. The amount impurities and aerosols in generated nitrogen is considerably decreased by reducing the energy content of sodium azide based composition. Using the relay-race model of combustion of heterogeneous systems, it is shown that, under the given conditions, the burning rate of such compositions is determined by the time of heating of potassium dichromate particles to the ignition temperature by neighboring burning particles.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Chromates and Dichromates have been tested for its inhibitory effects towards tin coated steel in 0.5M monochloroacetic acid and the efficiencies are calculated and compared reasonably well with those obtained from loss in weight data.
Abstract: Chromates and Dichromates have been tested for its inhibitory effects towards tin coated steel in 0.5M monochloroacetic acid. The corrosion behaviour of potassium chromate, sodium chromate, potassium dichromate, sodium dichromate and ammonium dichromate was studied by polarization curves, Tafel parameters like Tafel slopes, extrapolation of cathodic Tafel line and intersection of cathodic and anodic line at open circuit potential in presence of inhibitors have been tabulated along with other electrochemical parameters and corrosion current have been calculated from Tafel lines. The efficiencies are calculated and compared reasonably well with those obtained from loss in weight data. All the inhibitors induce a significant increase of potential positive and direction accounts for cathodic polarization. The Icorr has also been calculated and that accounts well for cathodic reactions in presence of chromates and dichromates as inhibitors.