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Showing papers on "Potassium iodate published in 2002"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the new method, hydrolyzable tannins are reacted at 85 degrees C for 20 h in methanol/sulfuric acid to quantitatively release methyl gallate, and with plant samples, relative standard deviations of less than 3% were obtained.
Abstract: A widely used method for analyzing hydrolyzable tannins afer reaction with KIO3 has been modified to include a methanolysis step followed by oxidation with KIO3. In the new method, hydrolyzable tannins (gallotannins and ellagitannins) are reacted at 85 °C for 20 h in methanol/sulfuric acid to quantitatively release methyl gallate. Dried plant samples can be methanolyzed under the same conditions to convert hydrolyzable tannins to methyl gallate. Oxidation of the methyl gallate by KIO3 at pH 5.5, 30 °C, forms a chromophore with λmax 525 nm, which is determined spectrophotometrically. The detection limit of the method is 1.5 μg of methyl gallate, and with plant samples, relative standard deviations of less than 3% were obtained. Keywords: Tannin; polyphenolic compound; hydrolyzable tannin; methyl gallate; galloyl glucose; gallotannin; potassium iodate

271 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigation of the effects of packaging materials and environmental conditions on the stability of salt double-fortified with iron and iodine indicates that with careful control of processing, packaging, and storage conditions, a double-Fortified salt could be stabilized for the six-month period required for distribution and consumption.
Abstract: Deficiencies in small quantities of micronutrients, especially iodine and iron, severely affect more than a third of the world's population, resulting in serious public health consequences, especially for women and young children. Salt is an ideal carrier of micronutrients. The double fortification of salt with both iodine and iron is an attractive approach to the reduction of both anemia and iodine-deficiency disorders. Because iodine is unstable under the storage conditions found during the manufacturing, distribution, and sale of salt in most developing countries, the effects of packaging materials and environmental conditions on the stability of salt double-fortified with iron and iodine were investigated. Salt was double-fortified with potassium iodide or potassium iodate and with ferrous sulfate or ferrous fumarate. The effects of stabilizers on the stability of iodine and iron were followed by storing the salt under three conditions that represent the extremes of normal distribution and sale for salt in developing countries: room temperature (25 degrees C) with 50%-70% relative humidity, 40 degrees C with 60% relative humidity, and 40 degrees C with 100% relative humidity. The effects of stabilizers, such as sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), calcium carbonate, calcium silicate, and dextrose were investigated. None of the combinations of iron and iodine compounds was stable at elevated temperatures. Essentially all of the iodine was lost over a period of six months. SHMP effectively slowed down the iodine loss, whereas magnesium chloride, a typical hygroscopic impurity, greatly accelerated this process. Calcium carbonate did not have a sparing effect on iodine, despite contrary indications in the literature. Ferrous sulfate-fortified salts generally turned yellow and developed an unpleasant rusty flavor. Salt fortified with ferrous fumarate and potassium, iodide was reasonably stable and maintained its organoleptic properties, making it more likely to be acceptable to consumers. We confirmed that application of the iodine compounds as solutions resulted in a more even distribution of the iodine throughout the sample. The effect of the packaging materials was overshadowed by the other variables. None of the packaging materials was clearly better than any other. This may have been due to the fact that the polymer bags were not heat sealed, and thus some moisture penetration was possible. The results indicate that with careful control of processing, packaging, and storage conditions, a double-fortified salt could be stabilized for the six-month period required for distribution and consumption. Unfortunately, the processing and storage required are difficult to attain under typical conditions in developing countries.

59 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The most stable combination, containing 50 mg iodine and 1000 mg iron per kg salt, retained more than 75% of the added iodine for a year at 40°C, 100% RH as mentioned in this paper.

54 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, different cooking methods, utensils, and cooking conditions were utilized along with the addition of various food additives, sugars, fortificants, spices and sanitizer, to evaluate their effects on iodine in the food.

41 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a method of determining the purity of potassium iodate by constant-current coulometry is described, which can be divided into two steps: first, a Na2S2O3 solution is prepared and its reductive value is determined.
Abstract: This paper describes a method of determining the purity of potassium iodate by constant-current coulometry. The determination can be divided into two steps. First, a Na2S2O3 solution is prepared and its reductive value is determined. Second, the purity value of an oxidimetric quantity of potassium iodate is determined. This paper discusses the conditions of the reaction process and evaluates type A and B standard uncertainty of this method. The expanded relative uncertainty of this method is 0.02% (k=2).

11 citations


Patent
20 Feb 2002
TL;DR: In this article, the povidone-iodine ointment is used to treat bacterial, virus fungus dermatosis, which can be used to diagnose and treat skin cancer.
Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of povidone-iodine ointment which is composed of povidone-iodine 10%, potassium iodate 0.2-0.25%, octadecanol 8.1-9%, cetanol 5.4-6%, stearin 9-10%, sodium louryl sulfate 3-3.5%, glycerin 13.5-15% and pure water 46.25-50.8%. The providone-iodine is dissolved in pure water and heated to 60-70 deg.C. The ointment if formed by adding water with same temperature, stirring to form aqueous phase, them mixing oil phase with same temperature, and stirring and emulsifying the admixture again. It can be used to treat bacterial, virus fungus dermatosis.

8 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: N,N-Diaryl-N′,N′-1,4-phenylenedi(oxyacetyl)-dithioureas (3a-l) were synthesized under solid-liquid phase transfer catalysis as discussed by the authors.

6 citations


27 Feb 2002
TL;DR: In this article, the behavior of radioiodine and carbon-14 during spent fuel dissolution was studied in a bench-scale reprocessing test rig where 29 and 44 GWdt -1 spent fuels were respectively dissolved.
Abstract: Behavior of radioiodine and carbon-14 during spent fuel dissolution was studied in a bench-scale reprocessing test rig where 29 and 44 GWdt -1 spent fuels were respectively dissolved. Decontamination factor of AGS (silica-gel impregnated with silver nitrate) column for iodine-129 removal was measured to be more than 36,000. The measurement of iodine-129 profile in the adsorption column showed that the nuclide was effectively trapped by the adsorbent. Measurement of iodine-129 in the dissolver solution after the iodine-stripping operation using NO2 gas at 363 K, revealed that less than 0.57% of total iodine-129 generated, which was estimated by ORIGEN II calculation, was remained in the dissolver solution. Also, measurement of iodine-129 by an iodine-stripping operation from the dissolver solution using potassium iodate showed that another 2.72% of total iodine-129 precipitated as iodide. In addition, about 70 % of total iodine generated was measured in the AGS columns. Rest of iodine-129 was supposed to adsorb to a HEPA filter and the inner surface of dissolver off-gas lines. Those results on iodine-129 distribution were found to be almost identical to the results obtained in the study using iodine-131 as tracer and the results reported by other works. It was demonstrated that the two-steps iodine-stripping method using potassium iodate could expel additional iodine from the solution, more effectively than iodine-stripping operation using NO2 gas. Iodine-131 was also detected on the AGS columns at the spent fuel dissolution. Increasing burnup showed larger amount of iodine-131 since amount of curium-244 contained in the spent fuel increased with the burnup. Release of carbon-14 as carbon dioxide during dissolution was found to occur when the release of krypton-85. From the 14 CO 2 measurement, initial nitrogen-14 concentration in the fuel was estimated to be about several ppm, which was within the range reported.

4 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: High doseassium iodate and iodide caused the regression of iodine deficiency rat goiter slowly; potassium iodate induced antioxidant enzymes decreased compared with iodide in normal or high dose, only high dose potassium iodide lead MDA of thyroid to increase.
Abstract: Objective To study the effects of potassium iodate and iodide on thyroid conformation and its function of iodine deficiency rats.Methods 120 iodine deficiency rats were divided randomly into four groups:normal potassium iodide group (NI) , normal potassium iodate group (NO) ,high potassium iodide group (HI) ,higli potassium iodate group (HO) .Using biochemical method to determine the weight of thyroid, changes of iodine metabolism, the level of serum T3, T4, morphology and capability of thyroid antioxidation at 22 weeks. Results In HO and HI Wistar rats, the urinary iodine excretion were as 100 times high as that in NI group.The thyroid weight and the ratio of thyroid weight to body weight of HO group increased significantly( P 0.05) ,only the ratio of thyroid weight to body weight of HI group increased significantly( P 0.05) .The serum T3 in HO and HI groups increased significantly( P 0.05)compared with NI group. NO, HO, HI groups compared with NI group, the activity of GPX, SOD, TAOC was decreased significantly( P 0.01) , the MDA in HO group was increased significantly, but in NO, HI group did not change. HO group compared with HI group, the activity of GPX,TAOC was decreased significantly( P 0.05) .Conclusion High dose potassium iodate and iodide caused the regression of iodine deficiency rat goiter slowly; potassium iodate induced antioxidant enzymes decreased compared with iodide in normal or high dose, only high dose potassium iodate lead MDA of thyroid to increase.

2 citations


Reference EntryDOI
TL;DR: The CMP Process and the NTRS Roadmap are described in detail in this paper, along with a detailed description of the CMP process process and its parameters for thin film thinning.
Abstract: Chemical Mechanical Planarization Materials The CMP Process NTRS Roadmap The Parameters Mechanisms for Planarization of thin films Specifications of CMP Slurries Commercially Available Slurries Keywords: potassium iodate; ammonium hydroxide; nitric acid; silica; alumina; ceria