Showing papers on "Potassium nitrate published in 1981"

Total and Ionic Fluoride in Milk

Abstract: The ionic and total fluoride levels in pasteurised and untreated milk have been examined using a fluoride sensor. Ionic fluoride was determined in potassium nitrate and sodium citrate buffer solutions

Response of Vesicular-Arbuscular Endomycorrhizal Sweetgum Seedlings to Three Nitrogen Fertilizers

Abstract: Sweetgum seedlings were grown outdoors in pots filled with fumigated soil, were inoculated with the endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus etunicatus, and were treated with fertilizers to determine growth response to different sources and levels of nitrogen. Ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and potassium nitrate were applied eight times during the growing season, at seasonal rates equivalent to 0, 140, 280, 560, I, 120, or 2,240 kg N/hectare. Application of 560 kg N/ha as ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate produced seedlings with greatest mean heights, diameters, and top weights. The 280 and 560 kg N/ha treatments of each N source produced the greatest percentages of mycorrhizal roots and highest intensities of infection per infected root segment. Mycorrhizal development was maximum in treatments that produced maximum growth. Ammonium nitrate was considered superior to ammonium sulfate because of a lesser tendency of the former to acidify the soil. FoREST Scr. 27:413-420.

Nitrate poisoning in cattle, 6: tungsten (wolfram) as a prophylactic against nitrate-nitrite intoxication in ruminants

Abstract: The amount of nitrite formed in the rumen after supply of potassium nitrate was decreased considerably by tungsten, which was administered as sodium tungstate to cows orally and by rumen fistula in daily doses of up to 6.6 mg per kg body weight. This effect of tungsten depends on the molybdenum content of the fodder and can be overcome in the case of high molybdenum levels. The relationship between the nitrate intake of the animal, the dose of tungsten administered to the animal daily and the highest concentration of nitrite reached in the rumen is given as a mathematical equation as well as in the form of a triangular diagram. By means of this three-element relationship and as a result of kinetic studies on the action of tungsten, a dosage pattern of tungsten was elaborated. The effectiveness of tungsten as a protective against nitrate intoxication was proved on cows dosed repeatedly as well as with single doses of nitrate up to 500 mg NO3 per kg body weight. It is concluded finally that tungsten offers a high degree of protection against nitrate toxicity to ruminants. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Stabilizing clay soil with dry chemical mixtures

Abstract: A method of stabilizing clay soil comprising admixing the clay soil with an effective amount of a dry mixture of chemicals comprising hydroxy-aluminum and a chemical selected from the group consisting of potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate.

Chemical mechanism for secondary flash suppression

Abstract: Chemical suppression of secondary muzzle flash is expected to depend on reactions which inhibit H2/O2 explosions Shock tube experiments to determine the effect of potassium hydroxide (KOH), potassium sulphate (K2SO4), and potassium nitrate (KNO3) on H2/O2 explosion delays have been performed at temperatures between 900–1500 K and at pressures near 250 KPa Inhibition has been observed in experiments with KOH aerosols but has not been observed in experiments with K2SO4 and KNO3 particles The results of a light scattering experiment indicate that appreciable vaporization of KOH particles takes place prior to explosion The inhibition is attributed to homogeneous gas phase reactions and the results are consistent with a mechanism in which a radical recombination reaction is catalyzed by KOH

Comparison of germination of Cladosporium herbarum and Botrytis cinerea conidia in vitro in relation to nutrient conditions on leaf surfaces

Abstract: Conidia of Cladosporium herbarum and Botrytis cinerea differed in their ability to germinate in water. Potassium nitrate, glucose, and carbohydrate mixtures at concentrations similar to carbon and nitrogen levels on leaf surfaces were tested for their effect on germination and subsequent germ tube growth. For both fungi, all the treatments increased the rate of germination. The treatments also stimulated the total percentage germination of C. herbarum conidia. Glucose, a glucose – potassium nitrate solution, and carbohydrate mixtures stimulated both germ tube production and total germ tube lengths of conidia of C. herbarum. Botrytis cinerea conidia produced multiple germ tubes per conidium in distilled water, potassium nitrate, and carbohydrate mixtures. Glucose and glucose – potassium nitrate solutions stimulated production of a single germ tube per conidium. All treatments stimulated germ tube growth of B. cinerea conidia.

Creep and the corrosion characteristics of Incoloy Alloy 800 in molten nitrate salts

Abstract: The effects of deformation on the corrosion resistance of Incoloy Alloy 800 in sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate salt mixtures have been studied. Hollow tube specimens filled with the salt mixture (60 pct NaNO340 pct KNO3) were tested in constant load tension creep at elevated temperatures (550 °C≤ T≤ 670 °C). Depending on the temperature and initial stress, fracture times (and therefore salt exposure times) ranged between 300 and 1000 h. While the fracture strain of specimens tested to failure was only slightly reduced when exposed to the salt environment, metallographic observations of polished crosssections revealed severe surface oxidation. In order to characterize the effect of total imposed strain on oxide morphology a number of creep tests were terminated prior to fracture. Increasing deformation resulted in a more extensively damaged surface oxide as well as a more rapid rate of corrosion. EDX analysis revealed that the oxide was multiphase, with a near surface, iron rich oxide above a chromiumrich oxide layer. Beiow 630 °C the oxidemetal interface was more diffuse with fine oxide intrusions growing into the base metal and small particles of the alloy visible in the oxide near the base metal interface.

Stabilizing clay soil with chemical solutions

Abstract: A method of stabilizing clay soil comprising admixing the clay soil with an effective amount of a solution of chemicals comprising hydroxy-aluminum and a chemical selected from the group consisting of potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate.

Process for the manufacture of potassium nitrate

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of potassium nitrate from potassium chloride and nitric acid. According to the invention, potassium chloride and nitric acid are reacted in an aqueous medium at a temperature in the range of between -25° C. to +10° C. From the brine solution obtained after the separation of the resulting potassium nitrate, nitric acid is extracted by an organic solvent solution containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ketones having five to ten carbon atoms, straight or cyclic polyethers having molecular weight in the range of 100 to 1000, polyalkylene glycols slightly miscible in water and having molecular weight in the range of 1000 to 3000, and organic esters of phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid and phosphinic acid, or mixtures thereof, in an organic diluent which does not substantially extract hydrochloric acid. The remaining aqueous solution consists of a substantially nitrate-free brine containing hydrochloric acid. The NO 3 - -loaded solvent is washed, the nitric acid as well as the organic solvent being respectively recycled in the process. The process saves appreciable amounts of nitric acid. Optionally, pure hydrochloric acid could be obtained from the nitrate-free brine, by distillation or by solvent extraction using butanols or pentanols as extractants.

Process for the manufacture of potassium nitrate with co-production of hydrochloric acid

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of potassium nitrate with co-production of relatively concentrated aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid According to the invention, potassium chloride and nitric acid are reacted in the medium of an organic solvent selected from butanols and pentanols The solution obtained after the separation of the resulting potassium nitrate, containing hydrochloric acid together with nitric acid and said organic solvent, is subsequently washed thus resulting an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid which contains nitric acid The nitric acid is extracted by an organic solvent selected from organic esters of phosphoric acid, ketones having five to ten carbon atoms and straight or cyclic polyethers having molecular weight in the range of 100 to 1000 and polyalkylene glycols which are slightly miscible in water and having molecular weight in the range of 1000 to 3000, or mixtures thereof, preferably in the presence of an organic diluent The remaining brine consists of a substantially nitrate-free hydrochloric acid The NO3 - -loaded solvent is washed, the nitric acid as well as the organic solvent being respectively recycled in the process The process saves appreciable amounts of nitric acid, co-producing hydrochloric acid which can be utilized without any further concentrating step

The analysis of volatile N-nitrosamines in the rumen fluid of cows.

Abstract: For 1 week 2 nonlactating Friesian cows were given hay with potassium nitrate 80 mg/kg bodyweight daily Then nitrate 120 mg/kg was given into the rumen and rumen fluid was sampled every 15 min for the next 165 min Greatest concentrations of nitrate, 39 and 29 mmol/litre in each cow, were present after 90 to 105 min Dimethylnitrosamine was the only volatile N-nitrosamine found (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Far infrared studies of the formation of potassium fluoride dihydrate in and its interaction with low molecular weight polytetrafluorethylene

Abstract: The process of preparing low molecular weight polytetrafluorethylene by high temperature oxidation with potassium nitrate has been shown to lead to the formation of potassium fluoride in the polymer. This is found to absorb water vapour from the atmosphere forming its dihydrate KF.2H2O, a crystalline substance which shows a complex many line spectrum in the far infrared. The observed spectrum of KF.2H2O in the matrix differs in one major respect (the absence of a band at 73 cm−1) from that of pure KF.2H2O showing that there is some specific interaction between the dihydrate and its polymeric host.

The ammonium nitrate with 15 WT% potassium nitrate‐ethylenediamine dinitrate‐nitroguanidine system

Abstract: The phase diagram for the ternary system ammonium nitrate(AN) with 15 wt% potassium nitrate(AN:15KN)-ethylenediamine dinitrate(EDD)-nitroguanidine(NQ) has been determined from room temperature to the melting point. The ternary eutectic temperature, measured for a mixture containing 67.24, 25.30, and 7.46 mole% of AN:15KN, EDD, and NQ, respectively, was found to be 98.9 ·°C. The binary phase diagrams for the systems AN:15KN-EDD, AN:15KN-NQ, and EDD-NQ were also determined.

Study of the interactions of molten sodium nitrate-potassium nitrate 50 mol % mixture with water vapor and carbon dioxide in air. Final report, June 2, 1980-June 30, 1981

Abstract: The interactions of aerial components such as water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen with the binary 50 mol % mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate have been studied in the temperature range 300 to 600/sup 0/C using electrochemical methods. In addition, the behavior of nitrite ions in this melt was investigated electrochemically. By judicious choice of techniques, in situ electroanalysis was possible and the necessary relevant data to accomplish this is presented, as well as insight into the corresponding electrochemical mechanisms associated with the electroactive species. The influence of each atmospheric component was examined separately. At temperatures above 300/sup 0/C, nitrite ions are found to accumulate due to thermal decomposition of the nitrate. Water is highly soluble in the salt mixture, but no hydrolytic reactions were observed. Two methods of in situ analysis for water are described. Pure carbon dioxide is found to attack the melt at all temperatures above 250/sup 0/C producing carbonate. (LEW)

Manufacture of needlelike goethite

Abstract: PURPOSE:To reduce the particle size and to increase the axial ratio by adding a very small amount of an oxidizing agent to a ferrous salt soln. when alkali is added to the soln. to precipitate and age ferrous hydroxide. CONSTITUTION:Alkali is added to a ferrous salt soln. to precipitate and age ferrous hydroxide at >=11pH, and the ratio of anions to ferrous ions is adjusted to <=1. Potassium chlorate or sodium chlorate is then added to carry out oxidation at <=80 deg.C, thereby manufacturing needlelike goethite. At this time, before precipitating and aging the ferrous hydroxide, an oxidizing agent selected from potassium chlorate, sodium chlorate, potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate is added to the ferrous salt soln. by a very small amount.

Investigation of molten nitrate salt chemistry for solar receiver applications

Abstract: Molten 60% sodium, 40% potassium nitrate salt mixtures were investigated for chemical and physical properties important to the design of a commercial solar receiver system. These properties are: nitrate-nitrite equilibrium with air, reactions with carbon dioxide and water vapor in air, in-situ regeneration of nitrates from decomposition products, and dynamic effects of a flowing, thermally cycled environment on salt properties. The results of these tests did not indicate any major problems with the use of these nitrate salt mixtures for solar receiver/thermal storage applications up to 565/sup 0/C (1050/sup 0/F).

Glass product tempering method

Abstract: PURPOSE:To temper an Na salt-contg. glass product by bringing it into contact with a soln. of a boron-contg. K salt or a mixed soln. of the salt and other K salt and holding the product at a temp. near the strain point of the glass for a fixed time to carry out ion exchange of Na and K . CONSTITUTION:An Na salt-contg. glass product is dipped in a soln. of a boron- contg. K salt or a mixed soln. of the salt and other K salt or coated with the soln. and held at a temp. near the strain point of the glass for a fixed time to temper the glass product by ion exchange. By using the boron-contg. K salt, borate glass is formed once on the glass surface, and at the same time, the ion exchange is carried out. Thus, the K salt does not run away and scts effectively with hihg wettability to the glass. A soln. of potassium metaborate and/or potassium borate or a mixed soln. of the potassium salt and potassium nitrate is used, and the soln. may be neutralized.

Process and meltable composition for cleaning encrusted metals

Abstract: The invention relates to a meltable composition for cleaning encrusted metals A bath is made up in the form of a melt from a composition comprising 2-20% of carbonate ions (CO3 ), 20-34% of hydroxide ions (OH ), 6-20% of nitrate ions (NO3 ), 25-45% of sodium ions(Na+), 20-40% of potassium ions (K ) and up to 10% of chloride ions (Cl ) The starting formulation preferably has the following composition: 51% of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 22% of potassium nitrate (KNO3), 17% of potassium chloride (KCl) and 10% of potassium carbonate (K2CO3)