Showing papers on "Potassium nitrate published in 1995"

Two component dentifrice for the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity

Abstract: A two component desensitizing dentifrice composition is disclosed which comprises a first dentifrice component containing a desensitizing potassium salt such as potassium nitrate and a second dentifrice component containing a second desensitizing agent other than a potassium salt the such as SnF2, the second desensitizing agent being incompatible with the potassium salt, the first and second dentifrice components being maintained separate from the other until dispensed for application to teeth requiring relief from dentine hypersensitivity.

Rapid in vitro multiplication of jujube through mature stem explants.

Abstract: Stem explants obtained from a mature tree of Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk were grown on modified Murashige and Skoog medium containing 3800 mg l-1 potassium nitrate, 2475 mg l-1 ammonium nitrate, 11 μM benzyladenine and 0.5 μM indole-3-acetic acid. During successive subcultures 15–20 shoots per inoculum were produced. Rooting was induced by pretreatment with 50 μM indolebutyric acid or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid for 24 h followed by transfer to auxin-free White's medium. Plantlets grew well in a soil and vermiculite mixture.

Effect of Ammonium Ions on Egg Hatching and Second-Stage Juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita in Axenic Tomato Root Culture.

Abstract: Eggs, either dispersed or in masses, and second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita were exposed to different concentrations of ammonium ions in a nutrient agar medium upon which excised tomato roots were growing. Egg hatch and J2 penetration of the roots was slowed or inhibited at high (54 and 324 mg/liter) but not at low (1.5 and 9 mg/liter) concentrations of ammonium nitrate. The effect of ammonium on J2 appeared to be temporary and reversible. High potassium nitrate concentration (1,116 mg/liter) did not modify egg hatch or J2 penetration. There was no adverse effect from the high ammonium nitrate concentrations or an equivalent potassium nitrate concentration on root dry weight. Ammonium ions influence nematodes both directly and via plant roots and do so independently of microbial organisms. Key words: ammonium ion, axenic culture, hatching, Meloidogyne incognita, root-knot nematode.

Interactions of temperature and dormancy-relieving compounds on the germination of weed seeds

Abstract: Dormant weed seeds were germinated at constant and alternating temperatures using five chemicals. Germination of Chenopodium album when expressed in normal equivalent deviates, increased linearly with the logarithm of chemical dose up to an optimal concentration. Ethephon (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) and sodium azide slightly stimulated germination of C. album seeds at 20°C while potassium nitrate, thiourea and azide each interacted positively with alternating temperatures (5°/25°C). Relief of Avena fatua dormancy by azide exhibited a positive interaction with cool constant temperatures (3–10°C), and chemicals had smaller or no effects at higher and alternating temperatures. No chemical mixture, including that of nitrate, thlourea, ethephon, azide and hydrogen peroxide, promoted more germination than azide on its own in A. fatua or nitrate together with ethephon in C. album. In C. album, this result arose largely because nitrate and azide antagonized each other in the presence of ethephon. Peroxide and thiourea together relieved this antagonism so that the fourth order interaction was positive. The negative interaction of nitrate, azide and ethephon in C. album was avoided in a sequential treatment with nitrate plus ethephon for seven days followed by sodium azide. Relief of dormancy by nitrate and ethephon was optimized at 67 mM nitrate with 1.4 mM ethephon for C. album at 20°C and 20 mM nitrate with 1.4 mM ethephon for A. fatua at 15°C. None of the chemicals used in this investigation stimulated the germination of Rumex crispus seeds. The results are discussed with respect to chemical control of soil seed banks.

Influence of surfactants on potassium uptake and yield response of cotton to foliar potassium nitrate

Abstract: Foliar potassium (K) applications are intended to supplement soil K uptake, and thereby, increase cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yields. Considerable research has been conducted to evaluate yield response to foliar K, but research evaluating surfactant effects on foliar uptake has been limited. Research was initiated in West Tennessee in 1991 to evaluate effects of foliar applied potassium nitrate (KNO3) with and without surfactants on leaf and petiole K concentrations and on lint yield. Field research was conducted on three sites over a four year period using upland cotton ‘DPL 50’. Treatments included a check (no foliar treatment), 4.1 kg K/ha in water, 4.1 kg K/ha with Penetrator Plus, 4.1 kg K/ha with X‐77, 2.0 kg K/ha with Penetrator Plus, and 2.0 kg K/ha with X‐77. Surfactants were added to KNO3 solutions at 1.25% v/v for Penetrator Plus and 0.5% v/v for X‐77. Kinetic was substituted for X‐77 after 1991 and was applied at 0.12% v/v. Cotton leaves and petioles were collected one, three, and ...

Effect of presowing chemical treatment on germination and seedling growth in acacia nilotica

Abstract: SUMMARY As a test for suitable presowing chemical treatment to improve the germination percentage and growth of seedlings, seeds of Acacia nilotica collected from a nine year old wood lot were treated with potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate and diammonium phosphate, and cowdung, each at two concentrations for a duration of 24 hours. Compared to watersoaking, soaking in 2.0% KNO3 gave a significantly higher percentage of germination and biomass.

Two Polymorphic Forms of Ceric Potassium Nitrate, K2Ce(NO3)6

Abstract: Ceric potassium nitrate, K 2 Ce(NO 3 ) 6 , was synthesized from the dissolution in nitric acid of active hydrous ceria and potassium nitrate in stoichiometric quantities. Two forms, with hexagonal and monoclinic symmetries, have been isolated. The structures were solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. They consist of discrete [Ce(NO 3 ) 6 ] 2- anions in the form of irregular icosahedra, in which Ce atoms are twelvefold coordinated by six bidentate nitrate groups. The K atoms ensure the continuity of the structures by ionic contacts. Relationships between the two structures are described briefly.

Some observations on the nutritional requirements of Eikenella corrodens ATCC 23834T grown in continuous culture.

Abstract: The type strain, ATCC 23834, of Eikenella corrodens was grown anaerobically in continuous culture in chemically defined media. Initial experiments showed that glucose was not utilized and it was subsequently omitted from all media. The initial chemically defined medium contained varying levels of 14 amino acids and 20 mM potassium nitrate, an essential nutrient for growth under these conditions. In this medium, the doubling time was 2.1 h, the optimum growth temperature 34 degrees C and the pH 7.2. The key growth-promoting amino acids were glutamate and serine, and the culture appeared to be nitrate limited. By growing the organism in a series of chemically defined media containing 40 mM nitrate and varying levels of these amino acids, glutamate was found to be the major contributor to biomass increase. Its catabolism may be linked to a respiratory chain involving nitrate as the ultimate electron acceptor.

ESR study of Ag2+ ions in KNO3

Abstract: ESR studies on γ-irradiated silver-doped potassium nitrate at LNT indicated the presence of Ag 2+ centres. Principal values of g - and A -tensors are obtained. Admixture coefficients of d-orbitals have been calculated. On warming the sample the signals due to Ag 2+ centres disappeared at 140 K.

Dynamical structures of simple and glass-forming nitrate melts

Abstract: The molecular motions of nitrate ions in molten RbNO 3 and 0.38 Ca(NO 3 ) 2 −0.62 KNO 3 have been investigated by quasielastic neutron-scattering experiments. The experiments were carried out using the medium-resolution inverted-geometry time-of-flight spectrometer LAM-40. The measured spectra are constituted of narrow and broad quasielastic components. The broad component is assigned to the fast rotational diffusive motion of a nitrate ion. We compare the momentum and the temperature dependences of the broad component between the glass-forming nitrate melt (0.38 Ca(NO 3 ) 2 −0.62 KNO 3 ) and the simple nitrate melt (RbNO 3 ). In the glass-forming melt this component decreases toward the glass transition temperature, while it remains almost unchanged with decreasing temperature in the simple nitrate melt. This result suggests that the interaction between the nitrate ions and the surrounding cations is stronger in the glass-forming melt than in the simple nitrate melt.

Cerous Potassium Nitrate, K3Ce2(NO3)9

Abstract: The structure of cerous potassium nitrate, K 3 Ce 2 (NO 3 ) 9 , which can be synthesized from an aqueous solution of cerous nitrate hexahydrate and potassium nitrate, or from a nitric acid solution of hydrated ceria and potassium nitrate, has been solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It comprises an anionic, [Ce 2 (NO 3 ) 9 ] 3- , network of irregular icosahedra formed by bidentate nitrate groups around Ce atoms and linked to one another by bridging nitrate groups. The K atoms are located in the holes of the structure.

Method for cultivaton of tree in reclaimed lamd

Abstract: The soil conditioner of salt land is prepd. by 1) pulverizing barks into 1-2cm particle size to obtain the bark powder, 2) dissolving calcium phosphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, calcium cyanide, ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfate, manganese sulfate etc. with 15-30 deg. C water, 3) absorbing the obtd. bark powder into the obtd. soln. by spraying or soaking, and drying into 20-30% water content, and 4) coating the dried bark powder with carbonate powder, vermiculite and sulfur powder to obtain the final product.

Producing method for potassium nitrate

Abstract: The present invention uses the fertilizers of ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride as raw materials and adopts the intermediate salt method to produce potassium nitrate. Let the circulatory mother liquid containing sodium nitrate act to the potassium chloride to obtain solid sodium chloride and potassium nitrate mother liquid. After dropping in temp., the product of crystalline potassium nitrate is obtained. Said mother liquid is separated and the sodium chloride and ammonium nitrate are put in to obtain the by-products ammonium chloride and circulating mother liquid containing sodium nitrate. Said method features over 90% of high yield, relative low energy consumption and easy operation and management.

Compound for prevention and fighting of fires in enclosed spaces

Abstract: FIELD: fire-fighting means SUBSTANCE: compound contains, wt-%: iditol, 4-10; dicyandiamide, 30-42; and potassium nitrate with particles not larger than 10 microns, the balance The compound is prepared by pressing tablets of required shape and size from components disintegrated in advance Fire-suppressing efficiency is 36-42 g/cum, amount of remaining waste, 05-25%; burning rate, 05-14 mm/s EFFECT: higher efficiency 1 tbl

Granule of nitrate mixture and its production

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a nitrate mixture useful as a heat-treatment agent in an annealing chamber, easily handleable similar to a powdery substance and enabling the long-term storage while keeping the powdery nature. CONSTITUTION:A nitrate mixture 4 such as sodium nitrite, potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate is formed in the form of a thin rod-shaped or cylindrical granule Q having an outer diameter phi of 2-2.5mm and a length L of about 20-30mm. The granule Q is composed of an inner powdery core 18 and a solid protection layer 17 coating the surface of the powdery core. It can be produced by extruding a powdery nitrate mixture 4 downward through a disk die having a number of granulation nozzles and cutting the extrudate to prescribed length.

Preparation of anthocyan-type red pigment via tissue cultivation of rhaphanus sativus l.

Abstract: The antocyanin in pigments production method from callus of radish such as Rhaphanus sativus L. (I) comprises the steps of (1) culturing seeds of (I) in artificial soils for 15 days, (2) cutting the cotyledons and the roots of cultured (I) on pigment production medium (II) at 24-26'C, below 10,000 lux light at 8 hrs/day for 20 days, (3) extracting pigment as malvidin- 3,5-diglucoside from callus with 1% HCl- ethanol. The callus contains pigments 16.4% in dried weight. The composition of (II) is ammonium nitrate, boric acid, calcium chloride, cobalt chloride, cupric sulfate, solium EDTA, ferrous sulfate, Mg sulfate, Mn sulfate, molybdic acid, potassium iodide, potassium nitrate, potassium phosphate, zinc sulfate, inositol, thiamin, malt extract, sucrose, 2,4-D, kinetin.

An experimental trial for the determination of the critical coagulation concentration using the sedimentation method

Abstract: A method for determining the critical coagulation concentration (Cc) from the change in the transmittance of the sol with stand time after adding a coagulating agent is discussed. Potassium nitrate was used as the coagulating agent because the specific adsorption of electrolyte ions on the particle and the hydrolysis of electrolyte ions are negligible. Apparent critical coagulation concentrations,Cca, of iron (III) hydroxide and silver iodide sols were obtained from the transmittance vs. potassium nitrate concentration curves for various stand times. The values ofCca decreased with increasing stand time. TheCca value obtained for the shortest stand time was closer toCc obtained from the initial turbidity change of the sol by applying Rayleigh's law. The Hamaker constant for the particle in water was calculated from theCca value obtained at the shortest time and the experimentally determined outer Helmholtz plane potential. The calculated Hamaker constants were comparable to the theoretical values for iron (III) hydroxide and silver iodide.

Cerous Potassium Nitrate, K3Ce2(NO3)9.

Abstract: The structure of cerous potassium nitrate, K 3 Ce 2 (NO 3 ) 9 , which can be synthesized from an aqueous solution of cerous nitrate hexahydrate and potassium nitrate, or from a nitric acid solution of hydrated ceria and potassium nitrate, has been solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis It comprises an anionic, [Ce 2 (NO 3 ) 9 ] 3- , network of irregular icosahedra formed by bidentate nitrate groups around Ce atoms and linked to one another by bridging nitrate groups The K atoms are located in the holes of the structure

Digestion of lignocellulose material

Abstract: PURPOSE:To improve the yield of pulp by preliminarily digesting a lignocellulose material with a preliminary digestion liquid containing a nitrous acid salt and digesting by caustic cooking. CONSTITUTION:Caustic cooking of a lignocellulose material is carried out after preliminary digestion of the material with a preliminary digestion liquid containing a nitrous acid salt (sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, etc.). The amount of the nitrate to be added to the preliminary digestion liquid is 0.01-10wt.% based on the bone-dry weight of the lignocellulose material.

Nitrogen Removal from Soil Percolate by Using Rice Straw.

Abstract: We intend to use rice straw as a organic substance for denitrification to remove nitrogen from soil percolate, and examined its feasibility by column experiments. We prepared the soil columns of 52 mm inner diameter with rice straw put in as a mono-layer, and supplied 20 mg-N per litter potassium nitrate solution to them from the upper surface at the rate of 24, 47 or 94 mm per day. Nitrate hardly was observed in the effluent from the column supplied at 94 mm per day for 114 days, and nitrate nitrogen removal during the period was 490 mg-N, which was roughly 5% of the amount of rice straw. Other columns fed at lower rate exhibited much lower nitrogen removal, the decrease in nitrogen concentration did not observed after 40 days of operation in these columns.From the fact that the column fed at the largest flow rate showed the largest amount of denitrification, and from the examination of mass balance of nitrogen in soil and rice straw, we concluded that the removal of nitrogen by the column fed at 94 mm per day was mainly due to denitrification.We conclude that we can use rice straw as a organic material source for denitrification to remove nitrate from soil percolate. The anoxic condition at the place where rice straw should be put in is essential to the effective use of rice straw.

Growth and Character of the Transition Spectrum of Nd‐doped K2La(NO3)5 · 2 H2O Crystals

Abstract: Potassium lanthanum nitrate dihydrate (KLN) is a new nonlinear optical crystal. An Nd-doped potassium lanthanum nitrate (KLNN), was grown. As the first on this crystal and its characters of growth, thermal, spectral, and nonlinear optic properties is reported. KLNN crystal will be a useful material in frequency conversion of generating blue-green laser.