Showing papers on "Potassium nitrate published in 2000"

Limited feeding of potassium nitrate for intracellular lipid and triglyceride accumulation of Nannochloris sp. UTEX LB1999.

Abstract: Limited feeding of nitrate during culture of Nannochloris sp. UTEX LB1999 for intracellular lipid and triglyceride accumulation was investigated with the aim of obtaining cells superior for liquefaction into a fuel oil. The intracellular lipid contents and the percentage of triglycerides in the lipids of cells grown in a nitrogen-limited medium (0.9 mM KNO3) were 1.3 times as high as those grown in a modified NORO medium containing 2.0–9.9 mM KNO3. However, the cell concentration was too low for the practical production of fuel oil by high-pressure liquefaction of the cell mass. A single feeding of 0.9 mM nitrate after nitrate depletion during cultivation in a nitrate-limited medium increased the cell concentration to twice that obtained without such feeding, and the lipid content was maintained at a high level. The timing of nitrate feeding, i.e., whether it was given during the log phase (before nitrate depletion), the constant growth phase (just after the depletion), or the stationary phase (after the depletion), had negligible effect on the intracellular lipid content and percentage of triglycerides in the lipids. When 0.9 mM nitrate was intermittently fed ten times during the log phase in addition to the initial nitrate feed (0.9 mM), the cell concentration reached almost the same (2.16 g/l) and the intracellular lipid content and the percentage of triglycerides in the lipids increased from 31.0 to 50.9% and 26.0 to 47.6%, respectively, compared with those of cells cultured in a modified NORO medium containing 9.9 mM KNO3 without additional nitrate feeding.

Topical Review:: The Efficacy of Potassium Salts as Agents for Treating Dentin Hypersensitivity

Abstract: Formulations containing potassium salts (eg, chloride, nitrate, citrate, oxalate) are widely used for treating dentin hypersensitivity (DH). The purpose of this review was to evaluate evidence for the clinical efficacy of potassium salts in reducing DH and also to consider the biologic basis for any effects. Literature searches were used to identify reports of clinical trials of potassium-containing preparations. Searches revealed 3 trials of potassium nitrate solutions or gels; 2 trials of mouthwashes containing potassium nitrate or citrate; 6 trials of potassium oxalates; and 16 double-blind randomized trials of toothpastes containing potassium nitrate, chloride, or citrate. The toothpaste studies provided quantitative data on treatment effects. These outcome measures were expressed as percentage reductions in sensitivity to cold air and mechanical stimulation and the patients' subjective reports. Trials of topically applied solutions yielded inconsistent results. Potassium-containing mouthwashes produced significant reductions in sensitivity. All potassium-containing toothpastes produced a significant reduction in sensitivity to tactile and air stimuli, as well as subjectively reported sensitivity. In most studies, the active agent (potassium) was superior to the minus-active control (placebo), but a few of the more recent trials have demonstrated significant placebo effects. It is postulated that potassium ions released from toothpastes diffuse along the dentinal tubules to inactivate intradental nerves. However, this principle has never been confirmed in intact human teeth. The mechanism of the desensitizing effects of potassium-containing toothpastes remains uncertain at present.

The efficacy of potassium salts as agents for treating dentin hypersensitivity.

Abstract: Formulations containing potassium salts (e.g., chloride, nitrate, citrate, oxalate) are widely used for treating dentin hypersensitivity (DH). The purpose of this review was to evaluate evidence for the clinical efficacy of potassium salts in reducing DH and also to consider the biologic basis for any effects. Literature searches were used to identify reports of clinical trials of potassium-containing preparations. Searches revealed 3 trials of potassium nitrate solutions or gels; 2 trials of mouthwashes containing potassium nitrate or citrate; 6 trials of potassium oxalates; and 16 double-blind randomized trials of toothpastes containing potassium nitrate, chloride, or citrate. The toothpaste studies provided quantitative data on treatment effects. These outcome measures were expressed as percentage reductions in sensitivity to cold air and mechanical stimulation and the patients' subjective reports. Trials of topically applied solutions yielded inconsistent results. Potassium-containing mouthwashes produced significant reductions in sensitivity. All potassium-containing toothpastes produced a significant reduction in sensitivity to tactile and air stimuli, as well as subjectively reported sensitivity. In most studies, the active agent (potassium) was superior to the minus-active control (placebo), but a few of the more recent trials have demonstrated significant placebo effects. It is postulated that potassium ions released from toothpastes diffuse along the dentinal tubules to inactivate intradental nerves. However, this principle has never been confirmed in intact human teeth. The mechanism of the desensitizing effects of potassium-containing toothpastes remains uncertain at present.

Effect of Anions on the Solubility of Zwitterionic Amino Acids

Abstract: The solubilities of glycine, dl-alanine, dl-valine, and dl-serine in aqueous solutions of NaNO3 and of KNO3 are reported at 298.2 K. No pH adjustment or buffer was used in the measurements. The effect of the anion of the electrolyte on the solubility of the amino acid is observed by comparing these results with values reported in the literature for the effect of NaCl and KCl. For each cation, the solubilities of the amino acids are higher with nitrate anion than with chloride anion. With the exception of dl-alanine, the solubility of the amino acid is larger with potassium as the cation than with sodium, at the same concentration of the nitrate salt. This behavior of dl-alanine in nitrate solutions contrasts with literature results using chloride as anion. In the case of chloride as anion, the solubility of the amino acid is always larger in the presence of potassium than in the presence of sodium.

Gas-generating agent composition

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a composition capable of maintaining a high gas generation efficiency and good in thermal stability and combustibility by including a phase- stabilized ammonium nitrate, nitroguanidine and an oxygen-containing potassium salt and regulating the content of the phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate to a specific value or below. SOLUTION: The content of a phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate is <=45 wt.% and an oxygen-containing potassium salt is at least one kind selected from potassium nitrate, potassium perchlorate, potassium sulfate, potassium chlorate, potassium chromate and potassium dichromate, etc. An inorganic or an organic binder for forming or both in, an amount of <=10 wt.% are contained therein. Specifically, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl ether, etc., are cited. The content of nitroguanidine used as a reducing agent (a fuel) and having a high gas generation efficiency and a low combustion temperature in the composition is within the range of 35-75 wt.%.

Stable peroxide dental compositions

Abstract: An oral composition is provided containing stabilized peroxide ingredients. Stabilization is achieved by combination of a triphenyl methane dye and potassium nitrate. Particularly useful as the dye are FD&C Blue 1 and FD&C Green 3.

Automatically ignitable enhancer agent composition

Abstract: An automatically ignitable enhancer agent composition comprising: (a) 5-aminotetrazole, (b) a metal powder, (c) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate and strontium nitrate, and (d) molybdenum trioxide, and having a heating value of 4500 J/g or more Further, the above composition which has an ability to generate gases in an amount of 05 mol to 20 mol per 100 g of the composition is also disclosed

Effects of different salt (NaCl), nitrate (KNO3) and acid (H2SO4) concentrations on the germination of some Salvia species seeds.

Abstract: In this study, the seed germination characteristics of six Salvia species [ (S. cryptantha, S. cyanescens, S. dichroantha, S. tchihatcheffii, S. aethiopis, S. virgata)], and the effects of various concentrations of salt (NaCl), nitrate (KNO 3 ) and acid (H 2 SO 4 ) on germination rates of these species were examined. It was observed that, although all salt concentrations reduced germination percentage, low salt concentrations (0.5-1%) had no effect on germination speed while high concentrations (1-3%) had an inhibiting effect. Increasing concentration of potassium nitrate reduced germination percentage for all six Salvia species but two species (S. cyanescens and S. dichroantha) gave higher germination speed. Sulfuric acid inhibited both germination percentage and speed, inhibiting or preventing germination altogether. Significant differences in sensitivity to salt and acid were also determined among the six Salvia species.

TECHNICAL INFORMATION and DATA

Abstract: Acetone, Ammonia 10%, Brandy, Butter, Citric acid 10%, Diesel, Formaldehyde, Fruit juice, Gasoline, Glycerine 90%, hydrogen peroxide, Ink, Mercury, Methanol, Milk acid 10%, Mineral oil, Petroleum, Potassium hydoxide 50%, Potassium nitrate 10%, Soap solution 1%, Sodium carbonate 10%, Sodium chloride (salt), Sodium hydroxide 10%, Vaseline, Vegetable oils, Wax, Wine

Rest-breaking composition and use thereof

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition useful for the breaking of rest in deciduous fruit species such as apple species and grape species comprising an organic nitrogen-containing compound having a molecular weight of 60 to 300 with the exception of urea and dinitro-ortho-cresol, an inorganic nitrate rest-breaking agent, and a surfactant. Preferably, the organic nitrogen-containing compound is a choline salt such as choline chloride, the inorganic nitrate rest-breaking agent is selected from the group consisting of potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, urea ammonium nitrate, zinc ammonium nitrate, and mixtures thereof, and the surfactant is an alkoxylated amine such as Armoblen®*, Armobreak®*, and Berol®* compounds or an alkoxylated quaternary ammonium compound.

Porous compound fertilizer

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a quick-acting homogeneous porous fertilizer of low bulk density and high instantaneous solubility by including nitrogen ingredients and a specific amount of a potassium ingredient as fertilizer ingredients, with the nitrogen ingredients containing a nitrate-nitrogen ingredient at a specific level. SOLUTION: This porous compound fertilizer is such one as to essentially contain >=8 wt.% of a potassium ingredient and nitrogen ingredients and also contain =5 wt.% of the total nitrogen ingredients, and it is preferable that the nitrogen, phosphate and potassium ingredients total >=30 wt.%. This fertilizer is obtained by spraying an acidic solution containing sulfuric acid, nitric acid or potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, and as necessary, phosphoric acid into an ammonia gas flow. For applying this fertilizer to a paddy field, it is directly charged together with irrigation water via an inlet for the paddy field thereinto.

Aerosol-forming fire-extinguishing composition

Abstract: fire extinguishing. SUBSTANCE: composition contains: potassium nitrate and/or perchlorate as oxidant, carbon black as combustible, inorganic binder, and phenol-formaldehyde resin. Inorganic binder may be selected from gypsum and/or liquid glass, and/or various-type cements or their mixtures with gypsum and/or liquid glass. EFFECT: increased fire- extinguishing capacity. 3 cl, 1 tbl, 13 ex

Nitration of Benzo Crown Ethers with Potassium Nitrate in Polyphosphoric Acid

Abstract: A general method for the nitration of benzo crown ethers with potassium nitrate in polyphosphoric acid has been developed. Mono- and dinitro derivatives of benzo-12-crown-4, benzo-15-crown-5, dibenzo-18-crown-6, and dibenzo-24-crown-8 have been prepared. The role of complex formation in the regioselective tendency for the nitration of dibenzo-18-crown-6 has been demonstrated.

Self-ignitable enhancer composition

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make it possible to obtain stable firing performance and to impart self-ignitability to the subject composition without complicating a gas generator structure by specifying the composition consisting of 5-aminotetrazole, metallic powder, potassium nitrate and molybdenum trioxide and specifying its calorific value SOLUTION: This composition consists of the 5-aminotetrazole, the metallic powder, the potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate or strontium nitrate and the molybdenum trioxide and its calorific value is specified to ≥4500 J/g, more preferably ≥6000 J/g, by which the self-ignitable enhancer composition for the gas generator of an air bag device for automobiles is obtained The metallic powder is preferably aluminum, magnesium, magnalium, boron, titanium, zirconium, or the like The self-ignitable enhancer composition consists of, for example, 3 to 25 wt% 5-aminotetrazole, 4 to 3-% boron, 50 to 85% potassium nitrate and 02 to 10% molybdenum trioxide and is preferably 05 to 20 mol generated gas per 100 g COPYRIGHT: (C)2001,JPO

Direct catalytic conversion of methane in molten salt medium system under mild conditions

Abstract: At 160°C and ca. 6 MPa, methane could be selectively activated in a AgNO3–KNO3 molten salt medium system. Methane was either converted into a mixture of methyl trifluoroacetate and acetone, or exclusively converted into acetone when different catalysts were added.

The formation and decay of radicals in potassium nitrate

Abstract: The buildup kinetics of the radicals produced by irradiation of potassium nitrate at 77 K over a wide dose range and the postradiation transformations of paramagnetic centers over the temperature range 38-401 K were studied. The low-temperature limit for the radical decay rate was determined. The specific features of the radical buildup kinetics were associated with the two factors, the restrictions for hole and electron trapping sites and the set of recombination reactions including tunneling recombination of trapped charges. The parameters of tunneling reactions of radical recombination were evaluated, which appeared to be of the same order of magnitude as those for glassy materials

Nitrate reductase activity of radish cotyledons as affected by phytohormones and different nitrogen sources

Abstract: Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seedlings pretreated with different hormones viz. kinetin, gibberellic acid and abscisic acid were subjected to different N-forms. The seedlings were treated with different concentrations of KNO3, NH4Cl and NH4NO3 and the changes in nitrate reductase activity were seen in light and dark conditions in the cotyledons. Nitrate reductase activity was affected differently by hormone application. Nitrate increased and ammonia decreased nitrate reductase activity; in both light and dark-grown seedlings KNO3 induced more in vitro nitrate reductase activity. NH 4 + when combined with NO 3 − , however, could level up to some extent, with KNO3 in light, except in kinetin. A transient response of induction of NR activity was evident with decreased levels after a certain specific ambient N-concentration, despite the presence of high N in the medium. However, the pattern of transition varied with the hormones applied. Further, hormones are found to affect induction of different isoforms of nitrate reductase by NH 4 + and NO 3 − . NH 4 + induced isoform was prominently promoted by kinetin treatment in dark. The data documents a particular kind of interaction between controlling factors (light, N-source and phytohormones) which affect nitrate reductase levels.

Tri­potassium hexa­hydrogen­hexa­molybdo­cobaltate(III) potassium nitrate tetra­hydrate, K3[H6CoMo6O24]·KNO3·4H2O

Abstract: The title double salt was obtained from the reaction of Y(NO3)3 and K6[H4Co2Mo10O38]·5H2O at a pH of about 2.0. The [H6CoMo6O24]3− anion is a typical B-type Anderson-structure heteropolyanion, and has an inversion center, with Co—O bond lengths in the range 1.907 (4)–1.919 (4) A and Mo—O bond lengths in the ranges 1.709 (5)–1.721 (5), 1.902 (5)–1.951 (5) and 2.274 (4)–2.312 (4) A.

Method for recovering titanium

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the amt. of industrial waste caused by waste acid discharging treatment by adding an aq. soln. contg. the fluoride of Ti with one or more kinds among potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide and ammona and precipitating Ti as hydroxide. SOLUTION: The recovery of Ti from a nitric-hydrofluoric acid pickling waste soln. is executed by neutralizing treatment of pH 3 to 12 by potassium hydroxide. At this time, titanium nitrate and titanium tetrafluoride in the waste soln. are brought into reaction with potassium hydroxide to form titanium hydroxide, potassium nitrate and potassium fluoride. Potassium nitrate and potassium fluoride have high solubility and are not precipitated, and the greater part thereof dissolves into the soln. Thus, the precipitation of titanium hydroxide relatively good in purity can be obtd. Since this precipitates have relatively fine particles and are easy to be clogged into a filter cloth, or the like, a suitable coagulant is added thereto before filtration. The soln. in which the precipitates have been filtered away can be reutilized for the pickling of Ti or the like.

Aerosol fire-extinguishing agent and its prepn

Abstract: The aerosol fire extinguishing agent consists of oxidant barium nitrate and/or potassium nitrate; reductant magnesium powder and/or aluminium powder; additive sodium hydrogen carbonate and pyramine, magnesium carbonate and pyramine, sodium hydrogen carbonate and azoformamide, or magnesium carbonate and azoformamide; and adhesive epoxy resin or phenolic resin. It has the advantages of no environmental pollution, no toxicity to human body, good moistureproof property, homogeneous burning, eliminating flame and reducing temperature.

[Cytogenetic effects of separate and combined effect of thorium-232 and potassium nitrates on Tradescantia (clone 02)].

Abstract: Under both separate and combined influence of 232nd-nitrate and potassium nitrate a study was made of the yield of somatic mutation frequencies, the level of morphologically abnormal cells and the loss of reproduction integrity in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia (clone 02). All investigated concentrations of 232nd-nitrate and potassium nitrate exerted statistically significant genotoxic effects and increased the level of morphological cell abnormalities in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia. Also, 0.36 mg/l 232nd and 0.51 mg/l KNO3 concentrations cause a statistically significant loss of reproduction integrity in the stamen hair. The combined action of 232nd-nitrate and potassium nitrate in all investigated concentrations and parameters causes a statistically significant effect.