Showing papers on "Potassium nitrate published in 2010"

Modulating the Host Nature by Coating Alumina: A Strategy to Promote Potassium Nitrate Decomposition and Superbasicity Generation on Mesoporous Silica SBA-15

Abstract: A new strategy was utilized to generate strong basicity on mesoporous silica SBA-15 by precoating alumina before modification with the base precursor, potassium nitrate. The nature of the mesoporous silica host was greatly modulated by the alumina interlayer. Such an alumina interlayer plays a double role by enhancing the guest−host interaction to promote the decomposition of potassium nitrate and by improving the alkali-resistance of the mesoporous silica host. The majority of the potassium nitrate is decomposed at 690 °C on unmodified SBA-15, while the temperature decreases to 460 °C after precoating an alumina layer. Moreover, the ordered mesoporous structure of the parent, SBA-15, is well-preserved even if the supported potassium nitrate was decomposed to strongly basic potassium oxide, which is quite different from the complete destruction of the mesostructure in the absence of alumina. As a result, materials possessing both a mesoporous structure and superbasicity with a high strength of 27.0 were s...

Compound type aerosol extinguishing agent

Abstract: The invention discloses a compound type aerosol extinguishing agent comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 30-75 percent of oxidizing agent, 20-50 percent of reducing agent, 2-15 percent of performance regulating agent and no more than 2 percent of binding agent. The oxidizing agent is prepared by matching any two or three matched components selected from potassium nitrate, strontium nitrate and magnesium nitrate; the reducing agent is prepared by matching two or more components selected from polyhexose, glucose, starch, sorbitol, xylitol, lactose, dicyandiamide, melamine, carbamide and sucrose; the performance regulating agent is prepared by matching one or more component selected from carbon powder, light magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, aluminium nitrate, hexamethylenetetramine, aluminium oxide, magnesium oxide and light metal oxide; and the binding agent is prepared by matching water or 20-30 percent of ethanol added into the water. In the invention, production raw materials have a wide source and low cost, can be constantly obtained and are safe and reliable, and burnt residues have no toxicity and good environmental protection performance.

Biosysnthesis of Alkaline Phosphatase by Escherichia coli Efrl 13 in Submerged Fermentation

Abstract: In the present study cultural conditions for alkaline phosphatase production from E.coli EFRL 13 using molasses in batch wise submerged fermentation was investigated. The effects of time period (2-48Hours), carbon sources (glucose, fructose, galactose, starch, molasses and date syrup) nitrogen sources (peptone, tryptone, yeast extract, ammonium chloride, sodium nitrates and potassium nitrate) were checked on enzyme production. The highest level of alkaline phosphatase was achieved using mineral medium containing 2.0% molasses and 2% sodium nitrate as carbon and nitrogen source, respectively after 24 hours of incubation at 40°C initial pH was adjusted to 9.0. In this study cost effective substrate is utilized for alkaline phosphatase production.

Method for manufacturing glass substrate for data storage medium and glass substrate

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a glass substrate for a data storage medium compatibly having excellent impact resistance and stabilization of a disk shape and to provide a method for manufacturing the glass substrate. SOLUTION: In the method for manufacturing the glass substrate for data storage mediums including a chemical strengthening treatment step of dipping a glass for a substrate including, in terms of mol% on the basis of oxides, from 58 to 66% of SiO 2 , from 9-15% of Al 2 O 3 , from 7-15% of Li 2 O, from 2-9% of Na 2 O, and from 13-21% of Li 2 O+Na 2 O, in a mixed molten salt to form a compressive layer on front and back surfaces of the glass for a substrate, the mixed molten salt includes, in terms of mass percent, from 1-7.5% of lithium nitrate, from 28-55% of sodium nitrate and from 40-69% of potassium nitrate. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Germination of some important weeds influenced by red light and nitrogenous compounds.

Abstract: Seed dormancy is a major constraint in the eradication of weeds from agriculture fields. Seeds of Amaranthus retroflexus, Echinocloa crus-galli and Digitaria adscendens were collected from cultivated fields, dried and then treated with different nitrogen containing compounds i.e., potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrite. Some seeds were kept under dark while others were irradiated with red light for 10 min., after 12 hr of inhibition. The N-compounds were applied @ 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 mM, while the strength of red light pulse was maintained at 80μmolsm. It was observed that red light significantly improved germination rates of A. retroflexus, E. crus-galli and D. adscendens. Nitrogenous compounds significantly improved germination of weeds and maximum germination was induced by ammonium nitrate. However, exposure of seeds to both red light and N-compounds provided significantly higher germination as compared to singular application of either of them. E. crusgalli recorded highest germination rates in response to red light and N-compounds, while D. adscendens provided least values for the same treatments. Application of N-compounds in conjunction with red light significantly improves germination rates of selected weed species by breaking their dormancy.

Method for preparing potassium nitrate and ammonium chloride employing double decomposition reaction

Abstract: A method for preparing potassium nitrate and ammonium chloride employing double decomposition reaction comprises the following steps: dissolving ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride in water according to a defined ratio at 110 DEG C, continuously adding potassium chloride and water, heating while stirring to ensure that potassium nitrate is in supersaturation state, after stopping heating, cooling the solution in a vacuum cooling crystallizer to 36-40 DEG C to separate potassium nitrate crystal, placing the potassium nitrate crystal in a centrifugal machine with a filter cloth lining to obtain coarse potassium nitrate, then washing the potassium nitrate with cold water, drying to obtain the finished potassium nitrate; in addition, adding ammonium nitrate in mother solution I and cleaning solution to adjust solution concentration so that ammonium chloride can reach supersaturation state, using a vacuum concentration device to perform negative pressure evaporation, separating and precipitating ammonium chloride by centrifuging and obtaining a solid ammonium chloride product, wherein, when dissolving ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride, the ratio of ammonium ion to chlorine ion is 1:2 and when using the centrifugal machine to obtain the coarse potassium nitrate, the separated mother solution is another mother solution I sharing the same saturation point of potassium nitrate and ammonium chloride. The solution of feed liquid circular reaction overcomes the defects of the prior art that the price of potassium nitrate used in reaction is high, the resource of potassium nitrate is in short supply and the cost of devices used in ion-exchange method is high, thus being applicable to the production of potassium nitrate.

Catalytic decomposition of nitrous oxide over Fe-BEA zeolites: Essential components of iron active sites

Abstract: The catalytic decomposition of N2O was investigated over Fe-BEA zeolites treated with various methods such as reduction, steaming and dissolution with potassium nitrate and nitric acid solutions in order to deduce the essen- tial components of the active sites for the decomposition. The iron species were characterized by XPS, XANES, ESR, NO adsorption, and linear sweep voltammetry. The reduction-treated Fe-BEA zeolite with the large amounts of Fe(II) and Fe(III) species showed the highest activity. On the contrary, the dissolution treatment with the potassium nitrate solution seriously deteriorated the catalytic activity of the Fe-BEA zeolite by agglomerating iron oxide clusters and interaction between iron and potassium atoms. The catalytic roles of Fe(II)/Fe(III) species and the negative effect of potassium on the catalytic activity of the Fe-BEA zeolites were discussed.

Cane Sugar and Potassium Nitrate as Plasmolysing Agents

Abstract: F i r s t M e t h o d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Comparison of Og(KNOa) and Og(ClzH22011 ) Measurements . . . . . . 2 2 Experiment Ia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 02 Experiment Ib . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Experiment Ic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Experiment IIa 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Experiment l i b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Experiment I I I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 General Conclusions from the Firs t Method . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Soilless culture liquid for flowers

Abstract: The invention provides soilless culture liquid for flowers having simple preparation method, good using effect and no polluting environment. In order to meet the technical requirements, the soilless culture liquid for the flowers adopts the following technical scheme that main raw materials of the soilless culture liquid comprise calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, potassium sulphate, water and the like. The soilless culture liquid is mainly characterized in that: 1) the raw materials are simple and easily obtained, and the preparation process is simple; 2) the product is innocuous and has no pollution; 3) the quality and yield of the flowers are high; and 4) harm of diseases, pests and weeds is little.

The effect of increased chloride (Cl-) content in nutrient solution on yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) fruits.

Abstract: Chloride and sodium are the main ions contributing to soil salinity in many regions but chloride is an essential element necessary for plant growth and development. It also controls the growth of some pathogens in plants. In this experiment, the effect of the chloride ion in nutrient solution on yield and fruit quality of two strawberry cultivars: 'Selva' and 'Camarosa' grown in hydroponic culture, was studied. Three kinds of nutrient solutions were used: 1) Hoagland-Arnon solution as control; 2) Hoagland-Arnon in which potassium nitrate was replaced with potassium chloride and ammonium nitrate was added as a nitrogen source and 3) the previous medium supplemented with 1.5 mmol l -1 magnesium chloride. Plant growth, total fruit yield, fruit firmness and leaf chlorophyll content were higher in plants grown in the second solution than the others, but there was no significant difference between the three solutions in terms of single fruit weight, soluble solids content and fruit dry weight. However, using 1.5 mmol l -1 magnesium chloride in a nutrient solution also increased the height of plants as well as total fruit production. The results showed that adding the chloride ion to the nutrient solution had no negative effects on fruit quality and leaf chlorophyll content.

Effect of crystalline substances in biodegradable films

Abstract: Films made of sodium caseinate and gelatine were prepared by casting method from a water solution containing glycerol as a plasticizer to obtain environmentally friendly and fully biodegradable materials for agricultural and packaging applications. Additionally, enzymatic protein cross-linking by microbial transglutaminase was applied. Potassium nitrate (KNO3) was used as additive to investigate the influence of crystallization on the physical properties of protein films. Mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) of the protein films were determined versus ratio of protein to potassium nitrate in the presence and absence of microbial transglutaminase. Furthermore, optical properties (film formation and consistency, surface texture, crystal size, shape, and distribution of incorporated potassium nitrate) were examined. An increase of 122% and 177% in the elongation of the films was adopted due to the crystallization of KNO3 in enzymatic-modified sodium caseinate and gelatine films, respectively. Pure sodium caseinate films distinguished ultimate tensile strengths of 4.95 MPa, while MTG-treated gelatine films achieved ultimate tensile strengths of 13.52 MPa. Altogether, the most appropriate overall mechanical performance was obtained for KNO3/protein ratios of 1:6 in enzymatic-modified films. Furthermore, an increasing content of crystalline KNO3 results in increasing thickness, rough surfaces, decreased opacity, and whitish coloring of the films.

Method for preparing potassium nitrate by means of double decomposition

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for preparing potassium nitrate by means of double decomposition. The method comprises the following steps: taking potassium chloride, ammonium nitrate and water solution as raw materials, and controlling the concentrations of Cl and NH4 in the reaction solution to be 14-19% and 6-9.6% respectively, wherein the temperature of the reaction solution is 85-95 DEG C; lowering the temperature of a solution obtained from the reaction till a temperature of 0-20 DEG C is realized, crystallizing and precipitating KNO3 semi-finished product, and obtaining a filtrate mother liquor I by means of filtration; flushing KNO3 crystals with water till the Cl concentration is 1-2% and the NH4 concentration is 1-3%; and recovering the flushing solution; positioningthe KNO3 crystals in a double decomposition device so that the KNO3 crystals can be fully dissolved, and controlling the solution concentration to be 44-52 Be; lowering the temperature for purpose ofprecipitating the KNO3 crystal, drying the KNO3 crystal till the water content of the KNO3 is less than or equal to 0.1%, and then obtaining the KNO3 finished product. In the method, the double decomposition device is used during the double decomposition reaction process and no stirring device is needed, therefore, the contact reaction of the reaction solution is more complete, and balance, continuous cyclic industrial production, productivity improvement and production cost reduction are realized in the precondition of ensuring 'two highs'.

Method for preparing potash fertilizer by using molasses alcohol waste mash

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing potash fertilizer by using molasses alcohol waste mash. The method comprises the following steps of: absorbing the potassium ions in the waste mash by using modified natural zeolite as an adsorbent; eluting the potassium ions in an adsorbing column by using ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate thermal solution to regenerate the zeolite to obtain a potassium-rich solution containing ammonium sulfate and potassium sulphate or ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate; carrying out ammonia evolution on the potassium-rich solution after cooling; carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the obtained solid phase, and drying to obtain the finished product of potassium sulphate or potassium nitrate. The obtained liquid phase of mother liquor containing potassium can be used for preparing eluent for next circulation after ammonia distillation, and ammonia obtained by the ammonia distillation can be used for ammonia evolution for the next circulation. The method for preparing the potash fertilizer has simple process and remarkable economic benefit and is easy for realizing industrial production, and the raw materials of the zeolite, the eluent and ammonia can be easily obtained and recycled.

Acidic etching liquid

Abstract: Acidic etching solution is characterized in that comprising cupric ion and melt nitrate which is used as accelerant of etching speed, wherein melt nitrate is optimized with nitrate of alkali metal, particularly optimized with sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate, and the concentration of melt nitrate in the acidic etching solution is optimize with the range of 001-070g/L, particularly within therange of 01-05g/L The cupric ion is optimized from copper chloride, copper bromide, copper sulphate or copper oxide The invention provides an application of melt nitrate as etching speed accelerant in the acidic etching of making printing wiring board The beneficial effect of the invention compared with the prior art is that the acidic etching solution speed accelerant of the invention can effectively increase the etching speed of the acidic etching solution, and the cost is lower

Large-scale sympodial bamboo callus induction and plant regeneration high efficiency culture medium and culture method thereof

Abstract: The invention relates to a culture medium suitable for a large-scale sympodial bamboo including sinocalamus affinis and Mianzhu and a culture method, in particular to a large-scale sympodial bamboo callus induction and plant regeneration high efficiency culture medium and a culture method thereof. The culture medium comprises an MS (Murashige and Skoog) culture medium and a callus induction and plant regeneration high efficiency culture medium and is characterized in that the MS culture medium is prepared from the following raw materials: (a) macroelements: potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate and calcium chloride; (b) microelements: potassium iodide, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate, copper sulfate and cobalt chloride; (c) organic components: inosite, glycine, aneurin hydrochloride, puridoxinehydrochloride and niacin; and (d), ferric salts: disodiumedetate and ferrous sulfate.

Method for extracting potassium carbonate from cabo and refining carbon

Abstract: The invention provides a method for extracting potash and refined charcoal through the briquetting carbonization and gasification of cabo and tobacco leaves, charcoal acid cleaning or water washing Through the procedures of cabo charcoal making, potash, refined charcoal, and the like, potash and refined charcoal are obtained by means of dissolution, filtration, concentration and crystallizationThe process flow has simplicity, low investment and low production cost Organic chemical products such as nicotine are obtained through the process of the briquetting carbonization and the gasification of the cabo and tobacco leaves, and simultaneously the fuel of wood gas is also obtained The obtained products comprise the following organic compounds: potash, refined charcoal, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, wood gas, nicotine, and the like

Process for production of commercial quality potassium nitrate from polyhalite

Abstract: A method for the production of KNO3 from polyhalite is provided. The method comprises steps of decomposing said polyhalite into syngenite, gypsum, and soluble components, treating the solid decomposition products sequentially with HNO3 and Ca basic compound, precipitating the CaSO4 thus formed, and crystallizing the KNO3 from the solution remaining. The method recovers up to 75% of the potassium present in the raw polyhalite as KNO3 and substantially all of the remainder as a potassium magnesium sulfate salt.

Effect of nitrogen levels and sources on production of Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla)

Abstract: To optimise the production of Swiss chard, high levels of nitrogen fertiliser are often applied. This may have adverse effects on both the economy of fertilisation and the nutritional value of the human diet. Very little is known about both the optimum levels and influence of different sources of nitrogen on this crop under South African conditions. Glasshouse experiments were therefore conducted to determine the integrated effects of nitrogen level and source on the yield and quality of Swiss chard. Three Swiss chard seedlings were planted in each 4 L pot and later thinned to one plant per pot. Nine nitrogen levels (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700 and 800 kg ha-~ N) and six nitrogen sources (ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, urea ammonium nitrate and urea) were combined in a factorial arrangement with four replications. The number of leaves harvested, leaf area, fresh and dry leaf mass, and leaf nitrogen content increased with increasing nitrogen levels up to 8...

Vacuum concentration device for separating ammonium chloride in production of potassium nitrate

Abstract: The invention provides a vacuum concentration device for separating ammonium chloride in production of potassium nitrate. A steam heater is adopted to be orderly connected with a vacuum concentrator, a secondary steam heater, a double-effect evaporating and concentrating device and an atomizing condenser by delivery pipes; the atomizing condenser is connected with a water pond; the vacuum concentrator is connected with a concentrated solution storage tank; the double-effect evaporating and concentrating device is connected with a mother solution storage tank; the vacuum concentrator is provided with a vacuum pump; and the vacuum concentrator and the double-effect evaporating and concentrating device are the containers for ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride to carry out the metathetical reaction, thereby producing and crystallizing the byproduct ammonium chloride. The utility model overcomes the defects of plentiful steam consumption and low thermal efficiency in an open type direct evaporation container, and high equipment requirements and high cost in an ion-exchange method using titanium timbers, titanium-molybdenum-nickel alloy or other composite materials. The utility model is suitable for separating the byproduct ammonium chloride in the production of potassium nitrate.

Multifunctional coal-fired energy-saving additive

Abstract: The invention provides a multifunctional coal-fired energy-saving additive for a boiler to remove coke and dust and prevent corrosion. The multifunctional coal-fired energy-saving additive comprises the following components by weight percent: 5-15 percent of potassium nitrate, 1-9 percent of copper nitrate, 4-12 percent of magnesium nitrate, 8-12 percent of zinc, 20-30 percent of sodium chloride, 10-20 percent of copper sulphate, 15-25 percent of aluminium nitrate and 1-7 percent of boric acid. The coal-fired additive has little dosage, occupies 0.02-0.05 percent of fuel, does not have toxicity, taste, corrosion or explosion dangers, is harmless for a human body and has no pollution for the environment.