Showing papers on "Potassium nitrate published in 2018"
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential benefit of adopting the supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) Brayton cycle at 600-650°C compared to the current state-of-the-art power tower operating a steam-Rankine cycle with solar salt at approximately 574°C was examined.
116 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a dynamic scanning calorimeter to measure specific heat, latent heat and melting temperature of the nanosalt and nanosalts over a wide range of temperature up to 773 K.
82 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of different covering systems on nitrogen transformation were evaluated in small-scale surface flow constructed wetlands, and the results showed that plants were conducive to organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen removal, and large coverage systems were favored of nitrate nitrogen removal.
40 citations
TL;DR: The applicability of four commercially available ion exchange membranes: (Ralex AM-PP, CM-PP; Neosepta AMX, CMX; Selemion AMV, CMV; Ionsep AM-A, AM-C) for potassium nitrate synthesis by electrodialysis-metathesis was investigated.
32 citations
TL;DR: This study investigated the effect of 4 different media and 5 different nitrogen sources at 5 levels on the growth, biomass and lipid productivity of Scenedesmus sp and Chlorella sp to hypothesis that a nitrogen source can be identified that provides enough stress to accumulate lipids without compromising significantly on biomass and cholesterol productivity.
Abstract: Algal biofuels are far from a commercial reality due to the technical challenges associated with their growth and lipid extraction procedures. In this study, we investigated the effect of 4 different media and 5 different nitrogen sources at 5 levels on the growth, biomass and lipid productivity of Scenedesmus sp and Chlorella sp The hypothesis was that a nitrogen source can be identified that provides enough stress to accumulate lipids without compromising significantly on biomass and lipid productivity. A maximum specific growth rate and doubling per day have been observed with algal species using modified BG-11 medium. Among the tested nitrogen sources, 2.5 mM potassium nitrate as a nitrogen constituent of modified BG-11 medium resulted in higher lipid content and productivity in the case of S. dimorphus (29.15%, 15.449 mg L−1day−1). Another noteworthy outcome of the present study lies in the usage of a smaller amount of the nitrogen source, i.e., 2.5 mM, which is found to be 7 times less than ...
31 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a modified kaolinite and the synthesized Mg-Al LDH precursor were simultaneously used to achieve synergistic effect to raise the removal efficiency of potassium nitrate.
31 citations
TL;DR: Osmotic membrane distillation-crystallization is proposed in this paper to recover sodium carbonate, potassium nitrate, and sodium sulfate from synthetic industrial solutions leading to valorization of the salts of wastewater coming from gas treatment (flue gases containing CO2, SO2, or NOx) or from brines.
Abstract: Osmotic membrane distillation–crystallization is proposed in this study to recover sodium carbonate, potassium nitrate, and sodium sulfate from synthetic industrial solutions leading to valorization of the salts of wastewater coming from gas treatment (flue gases containing CO2, SO2, or NOx) or from brines. The technical viability of the process is discussed in terms of transmembrane fluxes, mass transfer coefficients, and the crystal purity. The effect of concentrations of the feed and osmotic solution, flow rates, and presence of impurities (traces of different salts) was determined as well. The osmotic concentration was the main parameter affecting the transmembrane flux. The concentration of the three salts in the feed had a slight influence, and no effect could be observed by the study of flow rates. Constant mass transfer coefficients were obtained. Two membrane contactors in series were connected to increase the membrane area in order to technically validate one of the main advantages of this kind ...
24 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the decomposition of laminac, a polymer binder, is the fastest spontaneous reaction and will not self-initiate at a storage temperature as high as 120 °C, and surface oxide formation with the aging of BKNO3 will decrease its propulsive efficiency.
Abstract: The aging of propellants in PMDs is considered to be one of the primary factors affecting the performance of PMDs. Thus, studies on the aging mechanism of propellants, which have not yet been addressed extensively, pose a solution to securing the sustainable operation of PMDs. We characterized one of the most commonly used commercial propellants (boron potassium nitrate (BKNO3)) and investigated its aging mechanism rigorously. Based on thermal analyses, we demonstrate that the decomposition of laminac, a polymer binder, is the fastest spontaneous reaction. However, it will not self-initiate at a storage temperature as high as 120 °C. The effect of the humidity level was examined by characterizing BKNO3 samples prepared. The heat of reaction and the reaction rate decreased by 18% and 67% over 16 weeks of aging, respectively. This is attributed to the oxide shells on the surface of boron particles. The formation of oxide shells could be confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy. In conclusion, surface oxide formation with the aging of BKNO3 will decrease its propulsive efficiency; oxidation reduces the potential energy of the system and the resulting oxide decreases the reaction rate.
19 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of the production of low-potassium melon through hydroponic nutrient management in soilless culture using perlite substrate showed that restriction of potassium nitrate in the culture solution from anthesis to harvest could produce melon fruits with low- Potassium (>20%) content compared to potassium content of greenhouse grown melon.
Abstract: Chronic kidney disease patients are restricted to foods with high potassium content but our daily diets including melon are rich in potassium. Therefore, we investigated the production of low-potassium melon through hydroponic nutrient management in soilless culture using perlite substrate during autumn season of 2012, 2014 and spring season of 2016. In the first study, melon plants were supplied with 50% standard 'Enshi' nutrient solution until first 2 weeks of culture. In 3rd and 4th week, amount of applied potassium was 50, 75, 100, and 125% of required potassium nitrate for each plant per week (based on our previous study). It was found that, melon plants grown with 50% of its required potassium nitrate produced fruits with about 53% low-potassium compared to control. In the following study, four cultivars viz. Panna, Miyabi shunjuukei, Miyabi akifuyu412, and Miyabi soushun banshun309 were evaluated for their relative suitability of low-potassium melon production. Results showed insignificant difference in fruit potassium content among the cultivars used. Source of potassium fertilizer as potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate and their restriction (from 1 or 2 weeks after anthesis) were also studied. There were no influences on fruit potassium content and yield due to sources of potassium fertilizer and restriction timings. In our previous studies, it was evident that potassium can be translocated from leaves to fruits at maturity when it was supplied nutrient without potassium. Thus, we also studied total number of leaves per plant (23, 24, 25, 26, and 27 leaves per plant). It was evident that fruit potassium, yield, and quality were not influenced significantly due to differences in number of leaves per plant. These studies showed that restriction of potassium nitrate in the culture solution from anthesis to harvest could produce melon fruits with low-potassium (>20%) content compared to potassium content of greenhouse grown melon (340 mg/100 g FW). Quality testing and clinical validation of low-potassium melon also showed positive responses compared to greenhouse grown melon.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article, nonwoven fabrics were coated with carboxymethyl cellulose/potassium nitrate solutions and used as a crosslinker for carboxyl cellulose polymer chains.
Abstract: This paper presents the generation of an innovative agrotextile material possessing a controlled fertilizer release with an improved water absorption/retention property. To this end, nonwoven fabrics were coated with carboxymethyl cellulose/potassium nitrate solutions. Coatings were carried out on polyvinyl alcohol pre-coated and non-pre-coated structures. Citric acid was used as the cross-linker for carboxymethyl cellulose. Fertilizer release from the coated nonwoven structures was calculated as cumulative percentages from nitrate nitrogen amounts measured by a UV/Vis spectrophotometer. In addition to morphological and structural analyses, the gel fraction (degree of cross-linking), water absorbency and water retention capacity of the generated materials were investigated. Usage of citric acid cross-linked the carboxymethyl cellulose polymer chains. The best results were obtained with the pre-coated structure together with 10 wt% citric acid. Pre-coating with polyvinyl alcohol acted as a supporting layer for carboxymethyl cellulose to form a quite compact layer on the nonwoven fabric and thus enabling increased water absorption (up to 4000%) and water retention capacity (up to 46 h). Also, the fertilizer release profile was improved markedly (starting with a release value of 28% and reaching a value of 75% after the 19th irrigation). These property enhancements would result in decreased amount of water and fertilizer and thus contribute to sustainable agriculture.
17 citations
TL;DR: Using a commercial mass spectrometer interfaced with an atmospheric flow tube (AFT) allowed for the detection of a variety of inorganic compounds used as oxidizers in homemade explosives (HMEs) at picogram levels.
Abstract: Using a commercial mass spectrometer interfaced with an atmospheric flow tube (AFT) allowed for the detection of a variety of inorganic compounds used as oxidizers in homemade explosives (HMEs) at picogram levels. The AFT provides reaction times of between 3 and 5 s with flows of 6 L/min, enabling detection levels, after thermal desorption, similar to those previously demonstrated for RDX vapor in the low parts per quadrillion range. The thermal desorption of chlorate and perchlorate salts resulted in the production of the corresponding anions which have higher electron affinities than that of the nitrate reactant ions. A dielectric barrier discharge, used as the ionization source, produced the nitrate reactant ions. In some instances, the molecular salt formed adducts with the nitrate, chlorate, and/or perchlorate anions, giving insight into the original identity of the salt cation. Urea nitrate, guanidine nitrate, and potassium nitrate were also detected as adducts with the nitrate reactant ion. The dir...
TL;DR: The NIR spectra from 1000 to 2500 nm of 18 different explosives, propellant powders and energetic salts were collected and interpreted and particularly intense and complex were the bands corresponding to the first combination region and first overtone stretching mode of CH and NH bonds.
TL;DR: In this paper, an enhanced catalytic activity and improved reusability were achieved by applying facile KNO3 modification during the synthesis of a copper-manganese mixed oxide (CuMnO).
Abstract: An enhanced catalytic activity and improved reusability were achieved by applying facile KNO3 modification during the synthesis of a copper‐manganese mixed oxide (CuMnO). Upon KNO3 modification, the characteristic finishing temperature (Tf) of catalytic soot combustion was decreased from 360 °C for CuMnO to 338 °C for the K‐modified product CuMnO(K). Moreover, this Tf value for CuMnO(K) remained remarkably low (346 °C) even after five runs of an activity test. The excellent performance of CuMnO(K) is attributed to its well‐dispersed nanoparticle morphology, which is totally different from the microspherical features of CuMnO and is beneficial for its sufficient contact with the soot particles. Additionally, an interesting phase evolution of CuMnO(K) was observed for the first time from Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 to the mixed phases of CuO, K2Mn4O8, and MnOx during the consecutive test runs. These mixed phases are believed to be responsible for the enhancement and stabilization of the catalytic activity. Furthermore, the mechanism for the morphology transformation upon KNO3 modification and for the phase evolution during soot combustion was investigated.
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of various carbon sources (sucrose, glucose, and fructose at 3% concentration), nitrogen source (ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate) and plant tissue culture media (MS medium, Gamborgs B5 medium, White medium and Nitsch medium) on shoot multiplication of five different accessions was studied.
Abstract: Plumbago zeylanica, a pharmaceutically important medicinal plant, contains a wide range of phytocompounds. Culture parameters like carbon source, nitrogen source, and culture media are essential for the development and growth of explants. In this investigation, the influence of various carbon sources (sucrose, glucose, and fructose at 3% concentration), nitrogen source (ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, and potassium nitrate) and plant tissue culture media (MS medium, Gamborg’s B5 medium, White medium and Nitsch medium) on shoot multiplication of five different accessions was studied. Optimum growth of all five accessions was observed in MS media containing 3% sucrose and ammonium nitrate as a source of carbon and nitrogen. Out of five accessions, IC-524441 showed the highest shoot multiplication. Further, methanolic extracts of all accessions (grown in MS media containing 3% sucrose and ammonium nitrate as nitrogen source) were prepared and comparison of extracts in DPPH assay indicated that accession number IC-524441 was the most effective free radical scavenging agent. Total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin content ranges were from 20 to 70 µg/ml, 40 to 100 µg/ml and 55 to 120 µg/ml, respectively, and the highest amount was found in accession number IC-524441. Sucrose and ammonium nitrate content may be responsible for increased antioxidant activity, flavonoids content, phenolic content, and tannin content in accession number IC-524441. GC–MS of ethyl acetate extract of all five accessions of P. zeylanica was conducted (grown in MS media containing 3% sucrose and ammonium nitrate as nitrogen source). GC–MS analysis of the aerial part showed the presence of various phytocompounds, which include 1,4-naphthalenedione, 3-eicosene, 5-eicosene, phthalic acid, o-anisic acid, thioctic acid, 1-octadecene, 5-t-butyl-cycloheptene, 2-benzoyl-1,2-dihydro-1-isoquinolinecarbonitrile, octadecanal, silane, 3-methoxy-2-methyl-2-(1-phenyl-ethylamino)-propionic acid, and 1-nonadecene. Accession number IC-524441 contains the highest amount of plumbagin, i.e. 14.19 ± 0.5 µg/ml as compared to the others.
Patent•
16 Jan 2018
TL;DR: The water culture nutrient solution provided by the invention described in this paper is characterized by comprising the following components by weight: 200-1000 parts of calcium nitrate, 200-800 parts of potassium nitrate and 50-100 parts of ammonium nitrate.
Abstract: The invention relates to a water culture nutrient solution. The water culture nutrient solution is characterized by comprising the following components by weight: 200-1000 parts of calcium nitrate, 200-800 parts of potassium nitrate, 50-100 parts of ammonium nitrate, 100-200 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 100-500 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.4-1 part of zinc sulfate, 0.6-1 part of manganese chloride, 0.5-1.3 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.02-0.06 part of sodium molybdate, 500-1200 parts of sepiolite powder, and 600-1400 parts of medicinal stone powder. Sepiolite powder and medicinal stone powder provide numerous rare elements and mineral elements to the water culture nutrient solution, also have certain heat preservation effect on the root systems of vegetables, prevent necrosis of vegetables because of root system frosting, and also can absorb a lot of toxins to ensure the normal growth of vegetables. Therefore, the water culture nutrient solution provided by the invention issuitable for most vegetables.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented semi-empirical estimation results of the density of solar salt and alternative molten salt mixtures with low melting temperatures in a range from 70°C to 140°C.
Abstract: For sensible thermal energy storage in Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants, a molten salt mixture of 60 wt% sodium nitrate (NaNO3) and 40 wt% potassium nitrate (KNO3), known as Solar Salt, is commonly utilized. The paper presents semi-empirical estimation results of the density of Solar Salt and alternative molten salt mixtures with low melting temperatures in a range from 70 °C to 140 °C. These mixtures are Hitec, HitecXL, LiNO3–KNO3–NaNO3 and a multicomponent mixture. The paper shows that density values of mixtures can be closely predicted from single salt densities. The paper examines different estimation rules for mixtures. The quasilinear volumetric additivity rule (QVAR) is known for ternary reciprocal systems. For the first time, the presented work extends the QVAR to multicomponent mixtures. Temperature-dependent densities of selected salt mixtures of the system Ca,Li,K,Na//NO2,NO3 were estimated. Estimations are motivated by a fast and reliable method compared to time-consuming and error-prone measurements of several mixtures.
TL;DR: Results indicate that sorghum ecotypes exhibit differential tolerance to N stress and suggest that the 4P11 ecotype has higher capacity to cope with N stress.
Abstract: Nitrogen stress as well as other stresses can negatively impact the plant development and metabolism. Generally, stress factors increase the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG) production, which may, in the absence of effective protective mechanisms, induce irreparable metabolic dysfunction and death. The effect of different amounts (from deficiency to excess) of nitrate, ammonium or nitrate combined to ammonium, on enzyme activities of antioxidant and methylglyoxal detoxification systems of two sorghum ecotypes (3P4 and 4P11) was studied. The N supply was performed per pot during the sowing step using potassium nitrate and/or ammonium sulfate. Six N treatments were applied using 120, 240 and 480 Kg ha-1 of ammonium or nitrate and three other treatments were applied using 120 kg ha-1 nitrate combined to 120, 240 and 480 kg ha-1of ammonium. The specific activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR), glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) were investigated. Results showed that, ammonium excess and N-deficient conditions increased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), and induced the enzyme activities of ROS and MG detoxification systems, supporting the sorghum’s ability to counteract the negative effect of N stress (deficit and excess). We have also shown that the SOD, CAT, GR and Gly I enzyme activities were higher in the 4P11 ecotype compared to the 3P4 ecotype. These results indicate that sorghum ecotypes exhibit differential tolerance to N stress and suggest that the 4P11 ecotype has higher capacity to cope with N stress.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of restricted geometry and thermal prehistory of sample preparation on phase transitions in nanocomposites on base of porous glasses with average pore diameters 7 and 46 nm filled by potassium nitrate have been studied by X-rays and neutron diffraction.
Abstract: The effect of restricted geometry and thermal prehistory of sample preparation on phase transitions in nanocomposites on base of porous glasses with average pore diameters 7 and 46 nm filled by potassium nitrate have been studied by X-rays and neutron diffraction. The nanoparticle sizes have been determined and phase diagrams (on cooling) for these nanoparticles have been described. It is shown that there is a critical nanoparticle size in the interval from 30 till 20 nm, at which in nanocomposite the ferroelectric phase is realized only regardless of preparation method.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the reduction reaction velocity at different scales (50 mg to 100 g) are compared with regard to the reduction reactions at 500 °C and found that the time period that is needed until chemical equilibrium is reached at 500°C clearly increases when the surface-to-volume ratio decreases.
TL;DR: In this paper, the saturated solubilities of dl -alanine and dl-serine in pure and aqueous binary potassium nitrate solutions, were estimated by an analytical "formol titration" procedure at 298.15 K.
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of characterization techniques including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analysis were used to investigate the effects of comonomer composition in the feed, pH, temperature and ionic strength on the swelling behavior of poly(NHMA-AAx) hydrogels.
Abstract: Abstract Poly (N-hydroxymethylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) [P(NHMA-AAx)] hydrogels were prepared by free-radical polymerization in aqueous solution at 56°C, using N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide as the cross-linking agent. The synthesized hydrogels were subsequently investigated by a series of characterization techniques including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The effects of comonomer composition in the feed, pH, temperature and ionic strength on the swelling behavior were studied. Results indicated that the swelling capabilities of P(NHMA-AAx) hydrogels decreased with the increase in N-hydroxymethylacrylamide (NHMA) content in the polymeric matrix and ionic strength of the medium. Additionally, the hydrogels showed both temperature and pH responses. The dynamic swelling behaviors of hydrogels at different pH values followed a non-Fickian type. The P(NHMA-AAx) hydrogels were also loaded with potassium nitrate (KNO3) as a model agrochemical, and the release kinetics of fertilizer from the hydrogels was studied as a function of KNO3 and NHMA concentrations. Moreover, various kinetic parameters, such as release exponents and diffusion coefficients, were calculated.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the accumulation of salts in the soil from irrigation water and of N and K from fertilization using a randomized block design in a 4 x 4 factorial, with four levels of salinity (0.5, 2.5 dS m-1), four N rates, and five replicates.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of salts in the soil from irrigation water and of N and K from fertilization. The experiment was conducted in PVC columns (20 cm in diameter and 100 cm in height), filled with non-saline soil, and cultivated with maize. A completely randomized block design in a 4 x 4 factorial was used, with four levels of salinity (0.5, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 dS m-1), four N rates, and five replicates. Nitrogen was applied as urea and potassium nitrate at the following rates: N1: N recommendation for maize (2.6 g column-1); N2: 0.3 times (0.78 g column-1) the recommended N1 dose; N3 and N4 with N based on N1 and N2 doses, respectively, reduced proportionally based on the evapotranspiration reduction caused by salinity. After 74 days from sowing, root and soil samples were collected at different soil depths. The electrical conductivity of the saturated extract (ECe) and the concentration of ions (Ca2+, Na+, and Cl-) increased as a function of salinity and soil depth. The opposite was observed for the root system. The increase in salinity also resulted in K+ and NO3- accumulation in the soil column, mainly in treatments with higher N rates (N1 and N3). At the end of the experiment, 88% of the NO3- applied at the highest salinity treatment (7.5 dS m-1) and the highest N rate (N1) was below 20 cm soil depth, evidencing a N loss process caused by leaching.
TL;DR: Yield, fruit number per plant and potassium extraction per plant, increased linearly with the evaluated doses and fruit average weight at a dose of 183 kg ha-1.
Abstract: In strawberry, potassium fertilization has been little studied, which difficult management strategies for an increasing yield and understanding the use of this nutrient in strawberry crop. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sources and rates of potassium (K) fertilizers on yield, K level and agronomic traits of strawberry cv. Camarosa fruit, carried out under greenhouse conditions. A randomized in a completely block design with four replicates in a factorial arranged 6x3 (six rates of potassium x three sources of potassium fertilizers), was performed. Fertilizers sources used were as follows: potassium sulphate, potassium nitrate and potassium chloride in 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 kg ha-1 K2O doses. An increasing potassium rates have allowed a higher potassium content in leaves and fruits. A higher potassium content in leaves was obtained by KNO3 (11.70 g kg-1). Yield, fruit number per plant and potassium extraction per plant, increased linearly with the evaluated doses and fruit average weight at a dose of 183 kg ha-1. There was no significant difference among potassium content in leaves. Strawberry production is maximized through potassium fertilization, independent of the source origin.
TL;DR: In this paper, Salicylic acid (SA) at 0.5, 1, and 2 mM and potassium nitrate (KNO3) at 250, 500, and 1, 000 ppm were applied to saffron under field conditions.
Abstract: Abstract The present research was conducted to find influence of salicylic acid (SA) at 0.5, 1, and 2 mM and potassium nitrate (KNO3) at 250, 500, and 1 000 ppm on reproductive and vegetative parameters, and color characteristics of saffron under field condition. The results indicated the highest a, L, and chroma and the lowest b at 2 mM SA treatment. The highest flowering appearance rate and membrane stability index and the lowest electrolyte leakage were observed at 2 mM SA and to lesser extent at 1000 ppm KNO3. The highest flower number, corolla dry weight, and stigma dry weight was shown in plants treated with SA. Chlorophyll a content and Fv/Fm value increased with the application of 2 mM SA. The data indicated the effectiveness of SA on the growth of saffron.
TL;DR: The results indicate that pretreatment of chrysanthemum cut flowers with ammonium sulfate in low concentrations or with moderate to high concentra tions of calcium nitrate or potassium nitrate can s ignificantly improve shelf life and postharvest flower qualities.
Abstract: This study was done using three nitrogenous compound s to evaluate their effects on postharvest characte ristics of chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum indicum) cut flowers. The study consisted of three separate and parallel experiments, in which ammonium sulfate, cal cium nitrate and potassium nitrate were used in different concentrations of zero, 50, 100, 200 and 500 mg dm N for pretreatment of stems for 6 hour before transferring to holding d-water solution. The result showed that petal ion leakage and leaf SPAD values were increased by increasing ammonium sulfate, but n ot calcium or potassium nitrate. Petal carotenoids were increased by pretreatment of ammonium sulfate a nd potassium nitrate. There was constant increase in water uptake by increasing the levels of calcium nit rate and potassium nitrate, while ammonium sulfate a t high concentrations (200 and 500 mg dm ‒3 N) resulted in significant less water uptake compared to control. Ammonium sulfate in 50 and 100 mg dm ‒3 increased shelf life of pretreated stems, but highe r concentrations significantly reduced cut flowers shelf life. Increasing concentrations of calcium nitrate and pa rticularly potassium nitrate have led to prolongation of fl wer shelf life to 12 days compared to 6 days of c ntrol. The results indicate that pretreatment of chr ysanthemum cut flowers with ammonium sulfate in rathe r low concentrations or with moderate to high concentra tions of calcium nitrate or potassium nitrate can s ignificantly improve shelf life and postharvest flower qualities.
TL;DR: In this paper, 3-substituted 4-(2-furyl)-5-nitro-6-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridines were oxidized with potassium nitrate in the presence of copper(II) nitrate (10 mol %).
Abstract: Reaction of 2-nitroacetophenone, furfurol, β-dicarbonyl compounds, and ammonium acetate led to 3-substituted 4-(2-furyl)-5-nitro-6-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridines, which were oxidized with potassium nitrate in the presence of copper(II) nitrate (10 mol %), leading to the respective 5-nitro-6-phenylpyridines. The performed multicomponent reactions met the general principles of green chemistry. Synthesis of these unsymmetrical 5-nitro-6-phenylpyridines via the formation of 1,4-dihydropyridine intermediates under the conditions of multicomponent reaction significantly shortened the overall reaction time, decreased the number of steps, and improved the yield.
TL;DR: A simple, sensitive and rapid method of low concentration of thujone determination using Controlled Growth Mercury Drop Electrode and Differential Pulse Voltammetry was described, and the considered real sample was thuja oil, in whichThujone was successfully determined.
Patent•
06 Mar 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, a soil hardening resistant and high sustained-release organic fertilizer for gardening is presented, which can provide rich nutrients for garden planting crops, and improves the growth efficiency and survival rate of garden crops.
Abstract: The invention discloses a soil hardening resistant and high sustained-release organic fertilizer for gardens. The raw materials include: livestock and poultry manure, humic acid, dried pond sludge, plant ash, sawnwood powder, mushroom residue, cellulase, a straw fermentation inoculant, castor cake, furfural residue, coal gangue, peat soil, zeolite powder, ammonium nitrate, potassium fulvate, urea,urea phosphate, calcium superphosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium nitrate, aminodicarboxylic acid sodium, vermiculite, lime powder, a soil hardening resistant modification additive and modified sustained-release filler. The organic fertilizer for gardens provided by the invention has excellent soil hardening resistant and high sustained-releaseperformance, can provide rich nutrients for garden planting crops, and improves the growth efficiency and survival rate of garden crops.
Patent•
04 Dec 2018
TL;DR: A nutrient solution for rejuvenating trees in gardens is a nutrient solution, containing macroelements, trace elements, organic substances, physiologically active substances and exogenous hormones required for the growth of plants as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A nutrient solution for rejuvenating trees in gardens is a nutrient solution, containing macroelements, trace elements, organic substances, physiologically active substances and exogenous hormones required for the growth of plants, prepared from ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, urea, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium nitrate, calcium chloride dihydrate, sucrose, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, sodium chloride, boric acid, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B1,vitamin B6, humic acid, naphthaleneacetic acid, indolebutyric acid, 6-benzyladenine and gibberellin. The nutrient solution for rejuvenating trees in gardens can improve the survival rate of transplanted trees and promote and accelerate the self-recovering ability of nursery plants in order to make the nursery plants reach an expected landscape effect. The nutrient solution has a good rejuvenatingeffect on famous and old trees planted for many years and having poor growth vigor, and can enhance the resistance, break the dormancy, promote the germination of new shoots and new sprouts and delayaging.
TL;DR: The interaction between potassium nitrate treatment with agrodyke organic fertilizer treatment had no significant effect on all observed variables and can significantly improve the quality of orange citrus fruit out of season physically.
Abstract: The research aimed to find out the efforts to produce off-season orange fruit and increase the quality of fruit through the application of potassium nitrate and agrodyke organic fertilizer. The study used a factorial randomized block design with 2 treatment factors. The first factor is the flower induction application using potassium nitrate (K) consisting of 3 levels, namely (K0 = 0 g/tree), (K1 = 20 g/tree), and (K2 = 40 g/tree). While the second factor is the application of agrodyke organic fertilizer (P) consisting of 4 levels, namely (P0 = 0 g / tree), (P1 = 15 g/tree), (P2 = 30 g / tree) and (P3 = 45 g/tree). There are 12 combination treatments and each of them is repeated 3 times so that 36 tree plants are needed. The results showed the interaction between potassium nitrate treatment with agrodyke organic fertilizer treatment had no significant effect on all observed variables. Potassium nitrate treatment and agrodyke organic fertilizer can significantly improve the quality of orange citrus fruit out of season physically. In the treatment of potassium nitrate 40 g/tree, the weight of the harvested fruit per tree was obtained, the weight per fruit and the highest fruit diameter were 13703.90 g; 99.92 g and 6.81 cm or an increase of 62.24%; 16.32% and 9.49% compared with no treatment of potassium nitrate which is 8446.60 g; 87, 42 g and 6.22 cm.