Showing papers on "Powder metallurgy published in 1969"
Patent•
27 Aug 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, the powder metallurgy of wrought, dispersion strengthened, electrical heating elements characterized metallographically by a uniform distribution of dispersoids in both the longitudinal and transverse directions is described.
Abstract: This invention relates to the powder metallurgy of wrought, dispersion strengthened, electrical heating elements characterized metallographically by a uniform distribution of dispersoids in both the longitudinal and transverse directions, and also to a powder metallurgy method for producing the same.
68 citations
Patent•
25 Aug 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, the POWDER METALLURGY of superalloys is used to produce warped metal shapes of AGE HARDENABLE SUPERALLOYS, SUCH AS DISPERSION STRENGTHENED SuperAlloYS CHARACTERIZED METALLOGRAPHICALLY by a UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION of DISPersOIDS in BOTH the longitudinal and transverse directions.
Abstract: THIS INVENTION RELATES TO THE POWDER METALLURGY OF SUPERALLOYS AND, IN PARTICULAR, TO DISPERSION STRENGTHENED AGE HARDENABLE SUPERALLOYS AND WROUGHT PRODUCTS THEREOF. THE INVENTION ALSO RELATES TO A POWDER METALLURGY METHOD FOR PRODUCING WROUGHT METAL SHAPES OF AGE HARDENABLE SUPERALLOYS, SUCH AS DISPERSION STRENGTHENED SUPERALLOYS CHARACTERIZED METALLOGRAPHICALLY BY A UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION OF DISPERSOIDS IN BOTH THE LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE DIRECTIONS.
37 citations
Patent•
25 Aug 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, the POWDER METALLURGY of SINTERED this paperACTORY COMPOUND MATERIALs and a method for producing SUCH MATERIOS, for instance, CEMENTED this paperRACTORY CARBIDES, CHARACTERIZED METALLOGRAPHICALLY by a UNIFROM DISPERSION of FINELY DIVIDED Re-Fractory Re-ACTory COMPOUND PARTICLES THROUGHout a METAL MATRIX.
Abstract: THIS INVENTION RELATES TO THE POWDER METALLURGY OF SINTERED REFRACTORY COMPOUND MATERIALS AND ALSO TO A METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUCH MATERIALS, FOR EXAMPLE, CEMENTED REFRACTORY CARBIDES, CHARACTERIZED METALLOGRAPHICALLY BY A UNIFROM DISPERSION OF FINELY DIVIDED REFRACTORY COMPOUND PARTICLES THROUGHOUT A METAL MATRIX.
29 citations
Patent•
25 Aug 1969
TL;DR: In this article, a powder metallurgy method for producing wrought metal shapes of such steels characterized metallographically by a uniform distribution of dispersoids in both the longitudinal and transverse directions is described.
Abstract: This invention relates to the powder metallurgy of dispersion strengthened stainless steel and also to dispersion strengthened precipitation hardenable stainless steels and wrought products thereof. The invention also relates to a powder metallurgy method for producing wrought metal shapes of such steels characterized metallographically by a uniform distribution of dispersoids in both the longitudinal and transverse directions.
23 citations
TL;DR: The first suggestion that the porous products of powder metallurgy could be used as self-lubricating bearings appears to have been made sometime in the early 1920s as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The first suggestion that the porous products of powder metallurgy could be used as self-lubricating bearings appears to have been made sometime in the early 1920s. The idea probably originated from attempts to overcome the heat conductivity limitation of oil-soaked wooden bearings. Fortunately, the conventional bearing bronze compositions could be produced by sintering and pressing the copper and tin powders which were then available, and called for nothing spectacular in the way of presses, sintering atmospheres, or furnace equipment. Although these early products were capable of only a fraction of the duty to which porous metal bearings are subjected today, their rapid development was possible because the techniques and principles involved in their manufacture were already available from other applications of powder metallurgy. The current (1964) world production of porous metal bearings is estimated to be about eight millions per day, and is still expanding.
15 citations
Patent•
27 Aug 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, the application relates to the POWDER METALLURGY of warped, high-carbon-to-carbon tooys and also to a method for producing said STEELS CHARACTERIZED METALLOGRAPHICALLY by a UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION of FINELY DIVIDED CARBIDES in both the long-itudial and transverse directions.
Abstract: THIS APPLICATION RELATES TO THE POWDER METALLURGY OF WROUGHT, HIGH CARBON TOOL STEELS AND ALSO TO A POWDER METALLURGY METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAID STEELS CHARACTERIZED METALLOGRAPHICALLY BY A UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION OF FINELY DIVIDED CARBIDES IN BOTH THE LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE DIRECTIONS.
14 citations
Patent•
25 Jul 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, a dewaxing operation is performed in hydrogen, and the same vessel is used for vacuum sintering without moving of the part to be heat treated, and in one continuous operation.
Abstract: In this apparatus a de-waxing operation is performed in hydrogen, and the same vessel is used for vacuum sintering without moving of the part to be heat treated, and in one continuous operation.
14 citations
Patent•
19 Sep 1969
TL;DR: A DUCTILE COBALT ALLOY CONTAINING about 15 to about 15% by weight IRON and BALANCE CoBALT and being FABRICATED by POWDER METALLURGY METHODS from COBAL AND IRON POWDERS as discussed by the authors, has a two-phase MICROSTRUCTURE in which the IRON CONTENT of one phase is HIGHER THAN IRON CONTRENT of the other phase and has a PREDOMINANTly face-centered-CUBIC CRYSTAL ALLOTR
Abstract: A DUCTILE COBALT ALLOY CONTAINING ABOUT 15 TO ABOUT 15% BY WEIGHT IRON AND BALANCE COBALT AND BEING FABRICATED BY POWDER METALLURGY METHODS FROM COBALT AND IRON POWDERS THE ALLOY HAS A TWO-PASE MICROSTRUCTURE IN WHICH THE IRON CONTENT OF ONE PHASE IS HIGHER THAN THE IRON CONTENT OF THE OTHER PHASE AND HAS A PREDOMINANTLY FACE-CENTERED CUBIC CRYSTAL ALLOTROPIC STRUCTURE AND SUPPRESSED TRANSFORMATION FROM SAID FACE-CENTERED CUBIC CRYSTAL STRUCTURE TO A HEXAGONAL CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
12 citations
TL;DR: The roll-compaction of METAL POWDERS as mentioned in this paper was the first publication of the concept of powder metallurgy, and was published in 1969, Vol. 12, No. 24, pp. 598-612.
Abstract: (1969). THE ROLL-COMPACTION OF METAL POWDERS. Powder Metallurgy: Vol. 12, No. 24, pp. 598-612.
11 citations
Patent•
03 Nov 1969
TL;DR: In this article, a method of making a comparison article of POWDERED METALS and a this articleACTORY HARD METAL COMPONENT is described, which involves forming a green compact of a POWDER METAL and intermingling the compact in contact with the hard METAL component to merge the two.
Abstract: DESCRIBED HEREIN IS A METHOD OF MAKING A COMPOSITE ARTICLE OF POWDERED METAL AND A REFACTORY HARD METAL COMPONENT WHICH INVOLVES FORMING A GREEN COMPACT OF POWDER METAL AND SINTERING THE COMPACT IN CONTACT WITH THE REFRACTORY HARD METAL COMPONENT TO METALLURGICALLY BOND THE TWO.
TL;DR: The first suggestion that the porous products of powder metallurgy could be used as self-lubricating bearings appears to have been made sometime in the early 1920s as mentioned in this paper.
Patent•
[...]
27 Oct 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, force-applying hand tools, such as wrench sockets, are disclosed produced by powder metallurgy, which comprises a porous sintered body of heat treatable steel composition of high strength having an average density of at least 85 percent of true density and having an adherent plating of a protective metal coating on the surface thereof.
Abstract: Force-applying hand tools, such as wrench sockets, are disclosed produced by powder metallurgy. The working portion of the tool comprises a porous sintered body of heat treatable steel composition of high strength having an average density of at least 85 percent of true density and having an adherent plating of a protective metal coating on the surface thereof.
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: Tungsten and tungsten base alloy weldability, powder metallurgy, postweld annealing, high temperature tensile strength, etc as mentioned in this paper, etc.
Abstract: Tungsten and tungsten base alloy weldability, discussing powder metallurgy, postweld annealing, high temperature tensile strength, etc
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors make a distinction between this pressure-uniformity aspect of isostatic compaction and other methods of compacting metal powders (die-compaction, roll compaction, cyclic compaction), and the distinction arises not only from the different modes of application of pressure but also from the absence of tool/powder friction.
Abstract: The term isostatic compaction is applied to methods of compacting powders in which a uniform pressure is applied simultaneously to all the external surfaces of a powder body. This is usually achieved, as shown schematically in Fig. 1, by sealing the powder in a flexible envelope and immersing the assembly in a fluid that can be pressurised in some manner. Variations of the process have been developed, where it is questionable if the pressure is applied with true uniformity to all surfaces, but there is nevertheless a clear distinction between this pressure-uniformity aspect of isostatic compaction and other methods of compacting metal powders (die-compaction, roll-compaction, cyclic compaction, &c.). The distinction arises not only from the different modes of application of pressure but also from the absence in the isostatic methods of tool/powder friction. Arising from this greater pressure uniformity are a number of technical advantages that constitute the main reasons for the application of iso...
TL;DR: Sintered friction materials as mentioned in this paper are complex metal-based composites that represent excellent examples of the principles of powder metallurgy and can be used for both wet and dry applications.
Abstract: Sintered friction materials are complex metal-based composites that represent excellent examples of the principles of powder metallurgy The production methods employed are compared with those of conventional powder metallurgy and the formulation of the materials is briefly described Some typical applications, both wet and dry, are given and comparisons with the equivalent organic-based materials are made
01 Apr 1969
TL;DR: The fabrication of cermets of uranium nitride and tungsten or molybdenum from mixed powders and from coated particles for nuclear fuel elements is described in this article.
Abstract: Fabrication of cermets of uranium nitride and tungsten or molybdenum from mixed powders and from coated particles for nuclear fuel elements
TL;DR: The initial permeability of high-permeability alloy sheet rolled from sintered compacts is substantially increased by sintering for times longer than are currently used.
Abstract: The initial permeability of high-permeability alloy sheet rolled from sintered compacts is substantially increased by sintering for times longer than are currently used. Complete alloying of copper does not take place in a compact using a conventional sintering time; sheet rolled from such a compact has a banded microstructure so that the material is slightly inhomogeneous. An upper limit to the initial permeability of such sheet is probably set by internal strains caused by local variations in the lattice parameter.
Patent•
24 Jan 1969
TL;DR: Burgeressnorton et al. as mentioned in this paper describe a powder mixture comprising a major proportion of Fe powder or a powder which thermally decomposes to form Fe, 9-20% Ni and/or Mn powder, 2-14A6% of at least one of Mo, Co, V, Nb, W, Zr, Hf and Ti or their decomposable compounds.
Abstract: 1,174,776. Powder metallurgy. BURGESSNORTON MFG. CO. Nov.14, 1966, No.51017/66. Heading C7D. An Fe based age hardening alloy is made by compacting and sintering a powder mixture comprising a major proportion of Fe powder or a powder which thermally decomposes to form Fe, 9-20% Ni and/or Mn powder or a compound which decomposes to form Ni and Mn, 2-14A6% of at least one of Mo, Co, V, Nb, W, Zr, Hf and Ti or their decomposable compounds, the maximum Co content not exceeding 9%, and immediately after sintering or in a subsequent stage cooling the mass from a temperature above 1300‹F. at a rate not exceeding 4000‹F. per hour to produce a martensitic phase. Up to 7% Cu may also be added to the mixture and the oxides or halides may be used in place of the metal powders which are then formed in situ by reduction in H 2 . Sintering is effected at 2100‹F. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere such as H 2 , cracked NH 3 , N 2 , argon or a vacuum and age hardening is carried out at 600‹ -1000‹F. for 1-6 hours in air, a non-oxidizing atmosphere or under a layer of Fe powder. If the solution treatment is separated from the sintering step it is effected at 1400‹ -2100‹F. The sintered mass may be repressed and resintered prior to heat treatment. The Ti may be added as the hydride and the mixed powders may be sintered as such or initially pre-alloyed by melting and granulating and then annealing at 1800‹F. alternatively when the oxides and/or halides are used they may be thermally decomposed in an electric arc plasma.
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, a method of analyzing initial sintering data which is insensitive to uncertainties in the time zero and initial compact length is reviewed, and it is found that compacts which deviated from the ideal compact (uniformly sized spheres heated instantaneously to the sinting temperature) followed the shrinkage models after some small amount of abnormally rapid shrinkage, resulting in an effective initial length and time zero which were different from the experimental values.
Abstract: A method of analyzing initial sintering data which is insensitive to uncertainties in the time zero and initial compact length is reviewed. This method permits a considerably more reliable determination of the mechanisms of material transport in the sintering process than the usual log shrinkage-log time plots. One may with confidence distinguish among volume diffusion, grain boundary diffusion, or both acting concurrently. Contributions of surface diffusion and evaporation-condensation to total mass transport are discernible. This technique was applied to isothermal shrinkage data of compacts of alumina prepared from several different powders. It was found that compacts which deviated from the ideal compact (uniformly sized spheres heated instantaneously to the sintering temperature) followed the shrinkage models after some small amount of abnormally rapid shrinkage, resulting in an effective initial length and time zero which were different from the experimental values. While these differences were small, they had a large effect on the log shrinkage-log time plot. Alumina apparently sinters by a grain boundary diffusion mechanism, with surface diffusion important at lower temperatures.
TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that relatively minor surface chemistry modifications of powders can become a very significant variable controlling mechanical properties of pressure consolidated beryllium, and that the particle size distribution and chemistry of the powder exert a significant effect on the resulting physical properties.
01 Oct 1969
TL;DR: Ni dispersion-strengthened composites from ultrafine comminuted powders, describing forming techniques and test results as mentioned in this paper, were described in detail in the article.
Abstract: Ni dispersion-strengthened composites from ultrafine comminuted powders, describing forming techniques and test results
Patent•
21 Mar 1969TL;DR: In this paper, composite POWDERS SUITABLE for POWDER METALLURGY are prepared by REDUCING an OXIDE OF COPPER OR SILVER BLENDED with ELEMENTAL TUNGSTEN OR MOLYBDENUM POWDER.
Abstract: COMPOSITE POWDERS SUITABLE FOR POWDER METALLURGY ARE PREPARED BY REDUCING AN OXIDE OF COPPER OR SILVER BLENDED WITH ELEMENTAL TUNGSTEN OR MOLYBDENUM POWDER.
Patent•
23 Jul 1969
TL;DR: A sintered dispersion strengthened metal part is made by compacting a powder of the metal containing up to 4% by volume of an inert phase such as an oxide, sintering the compact and repressing the compact in a fixed die with one or more moving punches to a density of at least 97% theoretical.
Abstract: 1,158,872. Powder metallurgy. ASSOCIATED ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd. Feb. 27, 1967 [March 7, 1966], No.9769/66. Heading C7D. A sintered dispersion strengthened metal part is made by compacting a powder of the metal containing up to 4% by volume of an inert phase such as an oxide, sintering the compact and repressing the compact in a fixed die with one or more moving punches to a density of at least 97% theoretical. The inert phase is preferably formed by internal oxidation of a solute metal such as Al, Si, Mg, Be in a solvent metal such as Cu, Ni or Ag. In the case of a Cu-Al alloy containing up to 1% Al, the alloy powder is heated in oxygen at 300‹ C. and then in argon to 700‹ C. to form a dispersed Al 2 O 3 phase. The powder is compacted to 60-80% density e.g. by isostatic compaction, presintered in hydrogen and sintered in a reducing or inert atmosphere at 1000‹C. The repressing may be a hot pressing at 60 tons/sq. inch and 700‹ C. The following alloy compositions are given Cu - 0A5 v / o Al 2 O; Cu - 1A0 v / o Al 2 O 3 ; Cu - 2A0 v / o Al 2 O 3 ; Cu - 4A0 v / o Al 2 O 3 ; Cu - 0A1 w / o Ag - 2A0 v / o Al 2 O 3 Cu - 0A25 w / o Ag - 1 v / o Al 2 O 3 .
TL;DR: In this paper, the properties and structure of fuel samples prepared by compacting various mixtures of powdered material followed by heating were investigated, and it was found that the resulting compacts those consisting of purified and milled natural graphite powder, metallic thorium powder and furfuryl alcohol as binder showed the best properties after heating to 600°C.
Abstract: With the aim of finding the most desirable set of conditions for powder metallurgical preparation of graphite matrix fuels containing thorium carbide, the properties and structure of fuel samples prepared by compacting various mixtures of powdered material followed by heating were investigated. It was found that of the resulting compacts those consisting of (1) purified and milled natural graphite powder, (2) metallic thorium powder and (3) furfuryl alcohol as binder showed the best properties after heating to 600°C. These compacts possessed 1.90–2.40 g/cc density, 3.5–10.0 kg/mm2 Vickers hardness, a thermal expansion coefficient at 900°C of about 14×10−6/°C in the direction parallel to, and 2.5times;10−6/°C normal to pressing direction, and a thermal conductivity, in the same temperature range, of 0.02 (parallel) and 0.07cal/cm-sec°C (normal). Since these favorable properties and structural features are not impaired by heating to about 2,000°C subsequent to treatment at 600°C, it can be said that a new, ...