Showing papers on "Power density published in 2016"
TL;DR: Li9.54Si1.74P1.44S11.7Cl0.6P3S12 as discussed by the authors showed that Li 9.54 Si 1.54P 1.74Si 1.44 S11.3 has high specific power that is superior to that of conventional cells with liquid electrolytes.
Abstract: Compared with lithium-ion batteries with liquid electrolytes, all-solid-state batteries offer an attractive option owing to their potential in improving the safety and achieving both high power and high energy densities. Despite extensive research efforts, the development of all-solid-state batteries still falls short of expectation largely because of the lack of suitable candidate materials for the electrolyte required for practical applications. Here we report lithium superionic conductors with an exceptionally high conductivity (25 mS cm−1 for Li9.54Si1.74P1.44S11.7Cl0.3), as well as high stability ( ∼0 V versus Li metal for Li9.6P3S12). A fabricated all-solid-state cell based on this lithium conductor is found to have very small internal resistance, especially at 100 ∘C. The cell possesses high specific power that is superior to that of conventional cells with liquid electrolytes. Stable cycling with a high current density of 18 C (charging/discharging in just three minutes; where C is the C-rate) is also demonstrated. The development of all-solid-state batteries requires fast lithium conductors. Here, the authors report a lithium compound, Li9.54Si1.74P1.44S11.7Cl0.3, with an exceptionally high conductivity and demonstrate that all-solid-state batteries based on the compound have high power densities.
2,132 citations
TL;DR: A 3D porous Al foil coated with a uniform carbon layer (pAl/C) is prepared and used as the anode and current collector in a dual-ion battery (DIB) that demonstrates superior cycling stability and high rate performance.
Abstract: A 3D porous Al foil coated with a uniform carbon layer (pAl/C) is prepared and used as the anode and current collector in a dual-ion battery (DIB). The pAl/C-graphite DIB demonstrates superior cycling stability and high rate performance, achieving a highly reversible capacity of 93 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles at 2 C over the voltage range of 3.0-4.95 V. In addition, the DIB could achieve an energy density of ≈204 Wh kg-1 at a high power density of 3084 W kg-1 .
389 citations
TL;DR: The rationally designed sandwich-structured polymer nanocomposites are capable of integrating the complementary properties of spatially organized multicomponents in a synergistic fashion to raise dielectric constant, and subsequently greatly improve discharged energy densities while retaining low loss and high charge–discharge efficiency at elevated temperatures.
Abstract: The demand for a new generation of high-temperature dielectric materials toward capacitive energy storage has been driven by the rise of high-power applications such as electric vehicles, aircraft, and pulsed power systems where the power electronics are exposed to elevated temperatures. Polymer dielectrics are characterized by being lightweight, and their scalability, mechanical flexibility, high dielectric strength, and great reliability, but they are limited to relatively low operating temperatures. The existing polymer nanocomposite-based dielectrics with a limited energy density at high temperatures also present a major barrier to achieving significant reductions in size and weight of energy devices. Here we report the sandwich structures as an efficient route to high-temperature dielectric polymer nanocomposites that simultaneously possess high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss. In contrast to the conventional single-layer configuration, the rationally designed sandwich-structured polymer nanocomposites are capable of integrating the complementary properties of spatially organized multicomponents in a synergistic fashion to raise dielectric constant, and subsequently greatly improve discharged energy densities while retaining low loss and high charge-discharge efficiency at elevated temperatures. At 150 °C and 200 MV m(-1), an operating condition toward electric vehicle applications, the sandwich-structured polymer nanocomposites outperform the state-of-the-art polymer-based dielectrics in terms of energy density, power density, charge-discharge efficiency, and cyclability. The excellent dielectric and capacitive properties of the polymer nanocomposites may pave a way for widespread applications in modern electronics and power modules where harsh operating conditions are present.
275 citations
TL;DR: The hybridized nanogenerator was demonstrated to effectively harvest energy from wind generated by a moving vehicle through the tunnel and is capable of triggering a counter via a wireless transmitter for real-time monitoring the traffic volume in the tunnel.
Abstract: Wireless traffic volume detectors play a critical role for measuring the traffic-flow in a real-time for current Intelligent Traffic System. However, as a battery-operated electronic device, regularly replacing battery remains a great challenge, especially in the remote area and wide distribution. Here, we report a self-powered active wireless traffic volume sensor by using a rotating-disk-based hybridized nanogenerator of triboelectric nanogenerator and electromagnetic generator as the sustainable power source. Operated at a rotating rate of 1000 rpm, the device delivered an output power of 17.5 mW, corresponding to a volume power density of 55.7 W/m3 (Pd = P/V, see Supporting Information for detailed calculation) at a loading resistance of 700 Ω. The hybridized nanogenerator was demonstrated to effectively harvest energy from wind generated by a moving vehicle through the tunnel. And the delivered power is capable of triggering a counter via a wireless transmitter for real-time monitoring the traffic vo...
260 citations
222 citations
TL;DR: A successful power factor enhancement is reported by improving the carrier mobility by increasing the hot pressing temperature up to 1,373 K in the p-type half-Heusler Nb0.95Ti0.05FeSb to reach a peak power factor of ∼106 μW⋅cm−1 ⋅K−2 at room temperature.
Abstract: Improvements in thermoelectric material performance over the past two decades have largely been based on decreasing the phonon thermal conductivity. Enhancing the power factor has been less successful in comparison. In this work, a peak power factor of ∼106 μW⋅cm−1⋅K−2 is achieved by increasing the hot pressing temperature up to 1,373 K in the p-type half-Heusler Nb0.95Ti0.05FeSb. The high power factor subsequently yields a record output power density of ∼22 W⋅cm−2 based on a single-leg device operating at between 293 K and 868 K. Such a high-output power density can be beneficial for large-scale power generation applications.
219 citations
TL;DR: A new type of ultrafast Ni//Bi battery with high flexibility and impressive electrochemical performance is demonstrated for the first time based on an as-prepared Bi electrode as the anode and a NiCo2 O4 nanowire electrodes as the cathode.
Abstract: A new type of ultrafast Ni//Bi battery with high flexibility and impressive electrochemical performance is demonstrated for the first time based on an as-prepared Bi electrode as the anode and a NiCo2 O4 nanowire electrode as the cathode. The NiCo2 O4 //Bi battery is able to deliver a remarkable energy density of 85.8 W h kg-1 at a power density of 1.02 kW kg-1 , and still retains 55.4 W h kg-1 when the power density is increased to 21.2 kW kg-1 .
217 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a novel battery thermal management system (BTMS) based on aluminum minichannel tubes is developed and applied on a single prismatic Li-ion cell under different discharge rates.
207 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed 3D micro-structure resolved model is used to investigate limiting factors for battery performance, which is parametrized with data from the literature and dedicated experiments and shows good qualitative agreement with experimental discharge curves of thick NMC-graphite Li-ion batteries.
186 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a cost-effective, environmental-friendly aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor by using CuCo2O4/CuO nanowire arrays as the positive electrode and RGO/Fe2O3 composites as the negative electrode is presented.
Abstract: The applications of traditional asymmetric supercapacitors are restricted due to the low specific capacitance of carbon negative materials. The rational design of positive and negative electrodes that afford high-performance asymmetric devices is particularly important. In this paper, we fabricate a cost-effective, environmental-friendly aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor by using CuCo2O4/CuO nanowire arrays as the positive electrode and RGO/Fe2O3 composites as the negative electrode. The assembled device exhibits a high energy density of 33.0 W h kg−1 at a power density of 200 W kg−1, and it still operates at a high power density of 8.0 kW kg−1 with an energy density of 9.1 W h kg−1. The current strategy will provide a fresh route for the design and fabrication of novel asymmetric supercapacitors with high energy density and high power density.
183 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a hybrid Li-ion capacitor with a bulk graphdiyne (GDY) anode and an activated carbon (AC) cathode was constructed, achieving an initial specific energy as high as 112.2 Wh−h−kg−1 at a power density of 400.
TL;DR: In this article, the Ni3S2@β-NiS materials with a pine twig-like structure and a novel three-dimensional (3D) architecture are constructed for high-performance electrode materials by using a facile one-step solvothermal approach.
Abstract: In this work, single-crystal β-NiS nanorod arrays have been in situ grown on a hollow structured Ni3S2 porous framework, and finally the Ni3S2@β-NiS materials with a pine twig-like structure and a novel three-dimensional (3D) architecture are constructed for high-performance electrode materials by using a facile one-step solvothermal approach. The as-prepared Ni3S2@β-NiS materials show a core–shell structure with the single-crystal β-NiS nanorods as the external shell and the hollow-structured Ni3S2 porous framework as the internal core. The electrochemical tests demonstrate that the Ni3S2@β-NiS materials achieved a high capacitance of 1158 F g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1 in a three-electrode cell, and the capacitance still remained at 57.8% (i.e., 670 F g−1) when the current density is increased up to 50 A g−1. The retained capacitance of the as-prepared Ni3S2@β-NiS electrode materials with a pine twig-like structure is up to 961.6 F g−1 (that is, 97.4% retention as compared to the initial capacitance of 987 F g−1) at a current density of 15 A g−1 after 2000 cycles, which shows their excellent electrochemical cycling stability. Furthermore, the asymmetric device of Ni3S2@β-NiS//Activated Carbon (AC) shows a high energy density of 55.1 W h kg−1 at a power density of 925.9 W kg−1 and a high power density of 28.1 kW kg−1 at an energy density of 22.2 W h kg−1. All these results demonstrate that the Ni3S2@β-NiS is a promising electrode material for supercapacitors. This work also paves the way for fabricating a 3D hierarchical architecture of nickel sulfides for energy storage applications, and it may serve as a generic way for materials fabrication in the fields of photocatalysis (including water-splitting), electrocatalysis, and so on.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used ternary nickel cobalt selenides as positive and negative electrodes for asymmetric supercapacitors with high energy and power densities.
TL;DR: This work introduces a quasi-solid-state sodium ion capacitor based on a battery type urchin-like Na2Ti3O7 anode and a capacitor type peanut shell derived carbon cathode, using a sodium ion conducting gel polymer as electrolyte, achieving high-energy-high-power characteristics in solid state.
Abstract: Simultaneous integration of high-energy output with high-power delivery is a major challenge for electrochemical energy storage systems, limiting dual fine attributes on a device. We introduce a quasi-solid-state sodium ion capacitor (NIC) based on a battery type urchin-like Na2Ti3O7 anode and a capacitor type peanut shell derived carbon cathode, using a sodium ion conducting gel polymer as electrolyte, achieving high-energy-high-power characteristics in solid state. Energy densities can reach 111.2 Wh kg–1 at power density of 800 W kg–1, and 33.2 Wh kg–1 at power density of 11200 W kg–1, which are among the best reported state-of-the-art NICs. The designed device also exhibits long-term cycling stability over 3000 cycles with capacity retention ∼86%. Furthermore, we demonstrate the assembly of a highly flexible quasi-solid-state NIC and it shows no obvious capacity loss under different bending conditions.
TL;DR: In this paper, a 1-MHz 1-kW LLC resonant converter using GaN devices and planar matrix transformers is proposed for data center data center applications, which achieves high-current, high-efficiency, and low-cost power solutions.
Abstract: Data centers demand high-current, high-efficiency, and low-cost power solutions. The high-voltage dc distribution power architecture has been drawing attention due to its lower conduction loss on cables and harnesses. In this structure, the 380–12 V high output current isolated converter is the key stage. This paper presents a 1-MHz 1-kW LLC resonant converter using GaN devices and planar matrix transformers that are designed and optimized for this application. The transformer design and the optimization of the output capacitor termination are performed and verified. Finally, this cost-effective converter achieves above 97% peak efficiency and 700-W/in $^{{{3}}}$ power density.
TL;DR: This work provides an effective strategy to fabricate high-performance electrodes for fiber-shaped flexible asymmetric supercapacitors through a facile and low-cost route.
Abstract: Fiber-shaped solid-state supercapacitors have aroused much interest in the fields of portable devices because of their attractive features such as high flexibility and safety, tiny volume, and high power density. In this work, NiO/Ni(OH)2 nanoflowers encapsulated in three-dimensional interconnected poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) have been fabricated on contra wires through a mild electrochemical route. The as-formed hybrid electrode made of NiO/Ni(OH)2/PEDOT delivered a high specific capacitance of 404.1 mF cm–2 (or 80.8 F cm–3) at a current density of 4 mA cm–2 and a long cycle life with 82.2% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles. Furthermore, a fiber-shaped flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor based on the resulting hybrid electrode was assembled. The energy density of 0.011 mWh cm–2 at a power density of 0.33 mW cm–2 was achieved under an operating voltage window of 1.45 V. This work provides an effective strategy to fabricate high-performance electrodes for fiber-shaped flex...
TL;DR: A novel scalable strategy is developed to prepare highly conductive thick poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (HCT-PEDOT:PSS) films with layered structure that display a conductivity of 1400 S cm(-1) and a low sheet resistance of 0.59 ohm sq(-1).
Abstract: Thick, uniform, easily processed, highly conductive polymer films are desirable as electrodes for solar cells as well as polymer capacitors. Here, a novel scalable strategy is developed to prepare highly conductive thick poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (HCT-PEDOT:PSS) films with layered structure that display a conductivity of 1400 S cm−1 and a low sheet resistance of 0.59 ohm sq−1. Organic solar cells with laminated HCT-PEDOT:PSS exhibit a performance comparable to the reference devices with vacuum-deposited Ag top electrodes. More importantly, the HCT-PEDOT:PSS film delivers a specific capacitance of 120 F g−1 at a current density of 0.4 A g−1. All-solid-state flexible symmetric supercapacitors with the HCT-PEDOT:PSS films display a high volumetric energy density of 6.80 mWh cm−3 at a power density of 100 mW cm−3 and 3.15 mWh cm−3 at a very high power density of 16160 mW cm−3 that outperforms previous reported solid-state supercapacitors based on PEDOT materials.
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel Er3+-doped transparent NaYb2F7 glass-ceramics (GCs) were successfully fabricated for the first time by a conventional melt-quenching technique with subsequent heat treatment.
Abstract: Novel Er3+-doped transparent NaYb2F7 glass-ceramics (GCs) were successfully fabricated for the first time by a conventional melt-quenching technique with subsequent heat treatment. The formation of NaYb2F7 nanocrystals (NCs) was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), and photoluminescence emission spectra. Moreover, the appearance of Stark level splitting of Er3+ emission bands and the variation of the decay curves demonstrate the accumulation of active centers into the NaYb2F7 NCs lattice. Hence, the photoluminescence emission intensities of Er3+ doped GC680 are greatly enhanced relative to those in precursor glass. Furthermore, the temperature dependent fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of thermally coupled emitting states (4S3/2, 2H11/2) in Er3+ doped GCs was studied under 980 nm laser excitation with a very low power density of 13 mW mm−2 to avoid the possible laser induced heating. A high temperature sensitivity of FIR of 1.36% K−1 is obtained at 300 K and the corresponding effective energy difference (ΔE) is 852 cm−1. Besides, laser induced heating at several excitation power densities was measured to evaluate the laser induced heating effect and the accuracy of temperature sensing for our sample. The GCs with relatively high sensitivity under low excitation power density are promising for temperature sensing. Moreover, the study on down-conversion (DC) spectra of the GC samples shows their ability to convert a high energy photon into two low energy photons, implying that they may also have important application as DC materials.
TL;DR: Li et al. as discussed by the authors developed a new fiber-shaped aqueous lithium ion battery using a polyimide/carbon nanotube hybrid fiber as the anode and LiMn2O4/Carbon nanotubes as the cathode.
Abstract: A new fiber-shaped aqueous lithium ion battery is developed using a polyimide/carbon nanotube hybrid fiber as the anode and LiMn2O4/carbon nanotube hybrid fiber as the cathode. This battery outputs a power density of 10 217.74 W kg−1, which exceeds that of most supercapacitors, and an energy density of 48.93 W h kg−1, which equals that of thin-film lithium ion batteries. The safety issue generated by flammable organic electrolytes is fundamentally resolved by using an aqueous electrolyte. Compared with the conventional planar structure, the fiber shape also provides some unique and promising advantages, e.g., being three-dimensionally deformable. It can be also woven into a flexible power textile to satisfy a variety of new emerging fields, such as microelectronics and wearable electronics.
TL;DR: In this article, a new nanocrystalline Er:LiYbP4O12 luminescent thermometer was used to study the influence of the excitation power density on its suitability for temperature sensing.
Abstract: Two figures of merit are typically taken into account studying rare-earth-doped materials and processes suitable for optical nanothermometry, namely, temperature sensing range and the sensitivity. To optimize the composition of such phosphors and make quantitative comparison between different materials, other factors, such as excitation density and pulse duration, have to been included. Owing to the metastable character of lanthanide excited states, the excitation intensity has a critical importance but has been disregarded so far. Our studies show, based on a new nanocrystalline Er:LiYbP4O12 luminescent thermometer, the influence of the excitation power density on its suitability for temperature sensing. The highest sensitivity was reached for LiYbP4O12:0.1% Er nanocrystals upon pulsed excitation: 2.88%/K at average power below 25 mW/cm2, while the same material displayed lower ∼0.5%/K sensitivity at higher 50–300 mW/cm2 excitation intensities. The mechanism responsible for the observed sensitivity chang...
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the transition to a highly nonlinear rise in electrical conductivity, a signature event for the onset of the flash, occurs within a narrow range of power density.
Abstract: The large bank of data for ceramics from experiments in flash sintering reveal a surprising characteristic: that the transition to a highly nonlinear rise in electrical conductivity—a signature event for the onset of the flash—occurs within a narrow range of power density. This condition holds for ceramics that are semiconductors, ionic conductors, electronic conductors, and insulators.They flash at temperatures that range from 300°C to 1300°C, and at electric fields from 10 V/cm to over 1000 V/cm. Yet, the power expenditure at the transition for all of them still falls within this narrow range. This, rather uniform value of power dissipation suggests that Joule heating is a key factor in instigating the flash. A general formulation is developed to test if indeed Joule heating alone can lead to the progression of such nonlinear behavior. It is concluded that Joule heating is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for flash sintering.
TL;DR: A review of the state-of-the-art technology and future design guidelines for high efficiency power electronic converters are presented and a design example for an ultrahigh efficiency converter is presented.
Abstract: Thermal management is a key design aspect of power converters since it determines their reliability as well as their final performance and power density. Cooling technologies have been a research area in electronics since the 1940s and, in the last 15 years, the number of articles related to this field has grown significantly. At present, thermal management is essential in new disciplines and it is a critical enabling technology in the development of power electronic systems. This paper aims at presenting a review of the state-of-the-art technology and provides future design guidelines for high efficiency power electronic converters. The main design trends are focused on the need to develop cooling systems able to manage high local density heat fluxes due to two converging trends: higher power dissipation and smaller module size. Considering the latest advances in thermal management, as well as the huge improvement in power electronics in the last decades, a review and classification of the main thermal management techniques is presented. Besides, they are compared considering important parameters such as peak power dissipation, efficiency, cost/complexity, power density or technical maturity, and a design example for an ultrahigh efficiency converter is presented.
TL;DR: In this article, a hierarchical porous 3D carbon foam (PCF) was proposed to provide additional channels for ion diffusion in the internal spaces of 3D self-supporting carbon-based materials.
Abstract: The growing demand for portable electronic devices means that lightweight power sources are increasingly sought after. Electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) are promising candidates for use in lightweight power sources due to their high power densities and outstanding charge/discharge cycling stabilities. Three-dimensional (3D) self-supporting carbon-based materials have been extensively studied for use in lightweight EDLCs. Yet, a major challenge for 3D carbon electrodes is the limited ion diffusion rate in their internal spaces. To address this limitation, hierarchically porous 3D structures that provide additional channels for internal ion diffusion have been proposed. Herein, we report a new chemical method for the synthesis of an ultralight (9.92 mg/cm3) 3D porous carbon foam (PCF) involving carbonization of a glutaraldehydecross-linked chitosan aerogel in the presence of potassium carbonate. Electron microscopy images reveal that the carbon foam is an interconnected network of carbon sheets containing uniformly dispersed macropores. In addition, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurements confirm the hierarchically porous structure. Electrochemical data show that the PCF electrode can achieve an outstanding gravimetric capacitance of 246.5 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g, and a remarkable capacity retention of 67.5% was observed when the current density was increased from 0.5 to 100 A/g. A quasi-solid-state symmetric supercapacitor was fabricated via assembly of two pieces of the new PCF and was found to deliver an ultra-high power density of 25 kW/kg at an energy density of 2.8 Wh/kg. This study demonstrates the synthesis of an ultralight and hierarchically porous carbon foam with high capacitive performance.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors designed and optimized an energy harvester for a busy roadway using piezoelectric cantilever beams, which achieved an output power of 736μW with a power density of 8.19mW/m2.
TL;DR: A three dimensional porous framework-like N-doped carbon (PFNC) with a high specific surface area was successfully fabricated through ammonia doping and graphitization based on pomelo peel and exhibits an enhanced specific capacitance and superior cycling performance.
Abstract: A three dimensional (3D) porous framework-like N-doped carbon (PFNC) with a high specific surface area was successfully fabricated through ammonia doping and graphitization based on pomelo peel. The obtained PFNC exhibits an enhanced specific capacitance (260 F g–1 at 1 A g–1) and superior cycling performance (capacitance retention of 84.2% after 10000 cycles at 10 A g–1) on account of numerous voids and pores which supply sufficient pathways for ion diffusion during cycling. Furthermore, a fabricated asymmetric PFNC//PFN device based on PFNC and porous flake-like NiO (PFN) arrays achieves a specific capacitance of 88.8 F g–1 at 0.4 A g–1 and an energy density of 27.75 Wh kg–1 at a power density of 300 W kg–1 and still retains 44 F g–1 at 10 A g–1 and 13.75 Wh kg–1 at power density of 7500 W kg–1. It is important that the device is able to supply two light-emitting diodes for 25 min, which demonstrates great application potential.
TL;DR: In this paper, the energy storage performance and charge-discharge properties of Pb0.995O3 (PLZST) antiferroelectric ceramics were investigated through directly measuring the hysteresis loops and pulse discharge current-time curves.
Abstract: The energy storage performance and charge-discharge properties of Pb0.98La0.02(Zr0.35Sn0.55Ti0.10)0.995O3 (PLZST) antiferroelectric ceramics were investigated through directly measuring the hysteresis loops and pulse discharge current-time curves. The energy density only varies 0.2% per degree from 25 °C to 85 °C, and the energy efficiency maintains at about 90%. Furthermore, an approximate calculating model of maximum power density pmax was established for the discharge process. Under a relatively high working electric field (8.2 kV/mm), this ceramics possess a greatly enhanced power density of 18 MW/cm3. Moreover, the pulse power properties did not show degradation until 1500 times of charge-discharge cycling. The large released energy density, high energy efficiency, good temperature stability, greatly enhanced power density, and excellent fatigue endurance combined together make this PLZST ceramics an ideal candidate for pulse power applications.
TL;DR: In this article, an asymmetric supercapacitor was fabricated using VS2 nanosheets as the positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode, with a 6 M KOH solution as electrolyte.
Abstract: An asymmetric supercapacitor was fabricated using VS2 nanosheets as the positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode, with a 6 M KOH solution as electrolyte. These materials were combined to maximize the specific capacitance and enlarge the potential window, therefore improving the energy density of the device. A specific capacitance of 155 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 with a maximum energy density as high as 42 W h kg−1 and a power density of 700 W kg−1 was obtained for the asymmetric supercapacitor within the voltage range of 0–1.4 V. The supercapacitor also exhibited good stability, with ∼99% capacitance retention and no capacitance loss after 5000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g−1.
TL;DR: In this article, a homo-coupled polymer with high surface area (SPTPA and YPTPA) was employed as cathode material for lithium ion batteries.
TL;DR: An efficient vapor-activated power generator based on a 3D polypyrrole (PPy) framework was demonstrated for the first time by constructing the anions gradient in the PPy, which provided free ionic gradient with the assistant of absorbing water vapor to promote the spontaneous transport of ionic charge carriers, thus leading to the intermittent electric output with the change of external water vapor as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: An efficient vapor-activated power generator based on a 3D polypyrrole (PPy) framework was demonstrated for the first time By constructing the anions gradient in the PPy, this specially designed PPy framework provided free ionic gradient with the assistant of absorbing water vapor to promote the spontaneous transport of ionic charge carriers, thus leading to the intermittent electric output with the change of external water vapor A high voltage output of ≈60 mV and power density output of ≈69 mW m−2 were achieved under the moisture environment More interestingly, it also exhibited power generation behaviors upon exposure to most of organic or inorganic vapors, indicating the potential new type of self-powered vapor sensors for practical applications
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of a quinone-bromide redox flow battery and its dependence on electrolyte composition, flow rate, operating temperature, electrode and membrane materials and pre-treatment were reported.
Abstract: We report the performance of a quinone-bromide redox flow battery and its dependence on electrolyte composition, flow rate, operating temperature, electrode and membrane materials and pre-treatment. The results of this study are used to develop a cell with a peak galvanic power density reaching 1.0 W/cm 2 .