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Power density

About: Power density is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 9534 publications have been published within this topic receiving 197264 citations. The topic is also known as: volumic power & volume power density.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors estimate wind power density from primary data, and solar power densities from primary plant-level data and prior datasets on capacity density, and refine this range using US data from 1990-2016.
Abstract: Power density is the rate of energy generation per unit of land surface area occupied by an energy system. The power density of low-carbon energy sources will play an important role in mediating the environmental consequences of energy system decarbonization as the world transitions away from high power-density fossil fuels. All else equal, lower power densities mean larger land and environmental footprints. The power density of solar and wind power remain surprisingly uncertain: estimates of realizable generation rates per unit area for wind and solar power span 0.3–47 We m−2 and 10–120 We m−2 respectively. We refine this range using US data from 1990–2016. We estimate wind power density from primary data, and solar power density from primary plant-level data and prior datasets on capacity density. The mean power density of 411 onshore wind power plants in 2016 was 0.50 We m−2. Wind plants with the largest areas have the lowest power densities. Wind power capacity factors are increasing, but that increase is associated with a decrease in capacity densities, so power densities are stable or declining. If wind power expands away from the best locations and the areas of wind power plants keep increasing, it seems likely that wind's power density will decrease as total wind generation increases. The mean 2016 power density of 1150 solar power plants was 5.4 We m−2. Solar capacity factors and (likely) power densities are increasing with time driven, in part, by improved panel efficiencies. Wind power has a 10-fold lower power density than solar, but wind power installations directly occupy much less of the land within their boundaries. The environmental and social consequences of these divergent land occupancy patterns need further study.

59 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Rongna Chen1, Liu Lei1, Junshuang Zhou1, Li Hou1, Faming Gao1 
TL;DR: An asymmetric supercapacitor device with nickel-cobalt-borons (Ni-Co-B) as the positive electrode and commercial activated carbon (CAC), as the negative electrode material is presented in this article.

59 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a liquid lithium blanket surrounding the plasma volume is described, where the liquid lithium flows along magnetic flux tubes at a high speed, ionizing the lithium atoms and ejecting the same along open magnetic lines.
Abstract: A liquid lithium blanket surrounding the plasma volume is described. The liquid lithium flows along magnetic flux tubes at a high speed. There is no vacuum wall between the blanket and the plasma. The E-layer of relativistic particles within which the plasma is confined serves as a vacuum wall protecting the plasma from the lithium vapor, which is continuously produced at the surface of the blanket, by ionizing the lithium atoms and ejecting the same along open magnetic lines. The heat load at the surface of the blanket generated by 14 MeV neutrons can be several hundred MW per square meter.

58 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Stephen Bani1, Jianfeng Pan1, Aikun Tang1, Qingbo Lu1, Yi Zhang1 
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of some major parameters on porous media combustion (PMC) TPV with H2/O2 as fuel with much focus on experiment and numerical assessment of the TPV generator.

58 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a mechanically flexible all-solid state battery can be made of monolayer graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) directly onto copper (Cu) foil.
Abstract: The energy and power requirements of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles are ever increasing, driving research into novel battery structures with increased volumetric energy and power densities. Existing energy storage technologies cannot satisfy both of these requirements. There are many reports on the application of graphene in batteries and supercapacitors with enhanced power and energy densities; however, few results were shown on the performance of an electrochemical energy storage device made of monolayer graphene. The energy storage capability of monolayer graphene is investigated in this paper and it can contribute an understanding of the application of graphene materials in high energy and power density batteries. In parallel, flexible solid-state batteries will relax design constraints, giving the freedom to create new device form factors. A mechanically flexible all-solid state battery can be made of monolayer graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) directly onto copper (Cu) foil. The total thickness of the resulting battery was ∼50 μm. Such an ultrathin battery showed the highest energy density of 10 W h L−1 and the highest power density of 300 W L−1. It also shows excellent cyclic stability and sustains a discharge current density of 100 μA cm−2 over 100 cycles, maintaining energy capacity over 0.02 mA h cm−2.

58 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023652
20221,294
2021519
2020594
2019595
2018600