Showing papers on "Power station published in 1969"

Gas turbine power plant

Abstract: A TURBO-FAN POWER PLANT IS DISCLOSED IN WHICH THEY ARE TWO INDEPENDENT FANS IN THE FAN DUCT RESPECTIVELY DRIVEN BY A GAS GENERATOR AND AN INDEPENDENT FREE TURBINE. THE GAS GENERATOR INCLUDES IN AXIAL FLOW SERIES LOW, INTERMEDATE AND HIGH PRESSURE COMPRESSOR RESPECTIVELY DRIVINGLY INTERCONNECTED WITH HIGH, INTERMEDIATE AND LOW PRESSURE TURBINES, THE INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE TURBINE BEING DRIVING- LY CONNECTED TO THE UPSTREAM OR FRONT OF THE TWO FAN THE DRIVE ARRANGEMENT OF THE FANS AND THEIR AXIAL SPACING ENABLES THEM TO ROTATE AT RELATIVELY LOW SPEEDS AND SUB STANTALLY WITHOUT ANY WAKE INTERACTION THEREBETWEEN , WHEREBY THE OVERALL NOISE OF THE POWER PLANT IS REDUCED.

Cryogenic fuel system for land vehicle power plant

Abstract: Apparatus and a method for delivering a cryogenic fuel to the power plant of a land vehicle.

Surface heat exchange at power plant cooling lakes

Abstract: This report describes the methods and results of analyses of surface heat exchange using three years of field data from the Edison Electric Institute Project's three recirculated cooling lake sites in south-central United States. The report's findings and conclusions, which are summarized at the beginning of the first chapter and detailed in Chapter 7, are being used in current analyses of additional data from the Project's eight other field sites. A brief outline of the collaborative aspects of the study precedes a discussion of the objectives of the analyses and a comparative description of the three lake sites in terms of their meteorological and hydrographic characteristics. The procedure for preparing the data for analysis by computer is summarized, and followed by a comprehensive description of the methods used for evaluating rates of surface heat dissipation in terms of the surface heat exchange coefficient, K, and the equilibrium temperature, E.

Gas turbine powerplants

Abstract: A gas turbine powerplant for operation with heat from nuclear or fossil fuel comprises a circulatory system which contains the gaseous working medium for a turbine and has a recuperative heat exchanger in series with the turbine and the heat supply. The system has a plurality of compressors of which two form respective paths for parallel flows of medium and are connected to respectively different temperature stages of the recuperative heat exchanger at the high-pressure side thereof. The compressors are connected through cooling means with the heat supply within the circulatory system. The median specific heat of the gaseous medium at the high-pressure side of the recuperative heat exchanger is more than 5 percent higher than at the low-pressure side, and the suction pressure of at least one of the two compressors at full load is above the critical pressure.

Ecological investigations around some thermal power stations in California tidal waters

Abstract: A typical cooling water system for a steam plant is described, along with possible variations in intake and discharge designs. Biological implications are discussed in view of known physical parameters at operating power plants. Some studies at thermal power plants operated by Pacific Gas and Electric Company in California are reviewed. The P G and E approach to nuclear thermal plant siting in California consists of consultation and agreements with state regulatory and resource agencies, and with conservation groups, before a site is developed. Predictions of the impact of the plant on the ecosystem are made by ecological studies combined with temperature predictions.

Nuclear power station for a gaseous working medium

Abstract: The nuclear power station is constructed so that a working gas is conducted through a closed cycle. The reactor, power station and heat exchangers are accommodated in a pressure tight vessel while the starting point and end point of the working gas thermal work path are disposed in a sub-chamber with the power station.

Alternative Fluids for Power Generation

Abstract: In the search for an alternative fluid to water for large power plant, examination of basic properties discloses no other single fluid which advantageously covers the entire range of temperature from 1050° to 80°F, offers so high a heat drop per pound, or so low a boiler feed debit. Most alternative fluids have a lower sonic velocity. Discussion is therefore confined to three cases of substitution:(a)In a binary superposition cycle above steam.(b)In a binary subposition cycle below steam.(c)In low temperature recuperation applied to process heat or gas turbine exhaust heat.

Combined Propulsion Plant for Ships.

Abstract: 1,159,090. Power plant for ships. WARNOWWERFT WARNEMUNDE VEB. May 20, 1968, No.23880/68. Heading F1Q. The plant consists of an internal-combustion engine 1 and a steam turbine 2, having a high pressure stage 2a and a low pressure stage 2b, which acts through gearing 4 upon the propeller shaft. High pressure steam and low pressure steam are generated in the steam boiler 3. An electrical generator 5 is coupled to the steam turbine 2. The drive of the supercharger for supercharging the internal-combustion engine or engines is effected by the steam turbine or turbines.

Unit power plants

Abstract: Unit power plant comprising an engine, a one-piece hydraulic torque converter housing, a two-piece differential housing and a one-piece change-speed or transmission casing, which are interconnected through joint planes perpendicular or parallel to the longitudinal axis, and characterized in that at least one of said housings or casings comprises two identical joint planes.

Steam Turbine Starting of Gas Turbine Plant

Abstract: 1,173,923. Turbine power plant. ASSOCIATED ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd. Sept.6, 1967 [Sept. 29, 1966], No.43614/66. Headings F1G and F1Q. A method of restarting a gas turbine 1 by means of a steam turbine 2 comprises storing, during an idle period of the gas turbine, a quantity of steam which is generated in a boiler 4 heated with gas from the exhaust of the gas turbine when working and deriving from the stored quantity at least a major part of the power required for accelerating the gas turbine by means of the steam turbine to a self sustaining speed. The steam is stored in a heat insulated vessel 3A which discharges directly through appropriate control valves to the steam turbine 2. A flash boiler 3B supplements the stored steam and supplies air ejectors 2A and sealing glands 2B. The boiler 4 includes a feedwater pre-heater 4A receiving steam remaining in vessel 3A immediately after a starting operation. In a modification. Fig.2 (not shown), the steam storage vessel 3A contains an electric heater (3c) to compensate for heat losses. In this case no flash boiler 3B is provided and the air ejectors 2A are supplied from the storage vessel 3A. The latter receives charging steam from the boiler 4 via the expansion chamber of turbine 2. The storage vessel may alternatively be formed by a high temperature water accumulator capable of releasing steam or by a steam accumulator forming part of the boiler 4. The shaft connecting the turbines 1, 2 may include a clutch so that when the plant is about to be shut down the steam turbine 2 can be stopped and an accumulation of steam built up for the restarting operation. Alternatively, the turbines 1, 2 may be on separate shafts, normally unconnected or geared together to give a common power output. In a further modification, the steam turbine 2 drives the gas turbine 1 only at starting but during normal running drives a compressor stage feeding the gas turbine. Alternatively, the steam turbine may drive a generator which supplies an electric starting motor driving the gas turbine.

Rugeley Dry Cooling Tower System

Abstract: Steam power stations are one of the biggest users of water and the increasingly heavy demand for water, for all purposes, throughout the world has caused serious studies to be made of methods of providing a cooling facility for steam turbines independent of a water supply.The studies revealed that a system devised by Professor Heller provided the most economic and practical solution for large steam turbines. It uses the atmosphere as a heat sink for the turbine exhaust heat by a combination of jet condenser, closed water circuit, heat exchangers cooled by air and a cooling tower. Although there is a water circuit to be filled initially, no further water is required.The first application of the system—the dry cooling tower system—to a large turbine was designed and built by the English Electric Company Ltd for the C.E.G.B. at their Rugeley Power Station and this paper describes the project and its behaviour in service.

Regenerative-recompression-reheat vapor cycle method for power plants

Abstract: A METHOD OF OPERATING A VAPOR CYCLE POWER PLANT, E.G. A STEAM POWER PLANT, INCLUDING STEPS OF REGENERATION, RECOMPRESSION AND REHEATING TO INCREASE THE NET WORK OUTPUT AND EFFICIENCY.

Simulation of the operation of the coal supply system at a 2000 MW generating station

Abstract: The paper describes the G.P.S.S. simulation of a complex coal conveying system. This is represented by a functional flow model incorporating the design capabilities of the proposed real plant.The flows between the several inputs and outputs are controlled by a separate process control which simulates the monitoring and decision making functions of the operators. This takes into account the present state of the system (coal supply/demand, plant breakdowns, weather conditions, etc.)plant operating policies and incorporates some measure of anticipation (coal arrivals and shortages)The objectives of the study are to compare the effects of various coal supply patterns and plant operating policies.

An investigation of in-flight fire protection with a turbofan powerplant installation.

Abstract: : The potential explosive and fire hazards and methods of detecting and controlling in-flight fires on modern aircraft powerplant installations were investigated under full-scale simulated low altitude flight conditions. Modifications were made to the pod-mounted turbofan engine test article to extend the program scope beyond the normal range of variables present on the installation. The test program consisted of five studies: (1) environmental conditions producing thermal ignition of combustible mixtures and ignition characteristics, (2) characteristics of nacelle fires, (3) system performance and installation requirements for fire and overheat detection, (4) requirements for extinguishing and controlling fires, and (5) effects of fires and explosions on the powerplant installation. The results of the program are presented as fire safety design criteria and engineering data. (Author)

Installation for recovering electric power,combined with an alumina manufacturing installation

Abstract: AN INSTALLATION FOR PRODUCING ELECTRIC POWER FROM HEAT RECOVERED IN AN ALUMINA PRODUCING INSTALLATION RUN ACCORDING TO THE BAYER PROCESS IS DISCLOSED, IN WHICH A COMBINATION OF HEAT EXCHANGING MEANS IS PROVIDED, FOR RECOVERING THE HEAT PRODUCED IN THE REACTION OF BAUXITE WITH A CAUSTIC ALKALI, AND ALSO FOR RECOVERING THE HEAT FROM STEAM USED IN THE SEVERAL STAGES OF THE POWER-GENERATING TURBOALTERNATOR WHICH IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE POWER STATION FED BY WASTE HEAT. A CONSIDERABLE OVERALL EFFICIENCY IS OBTAINED, SO THAT THE ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCED WITH RECOVERED HEAT IS A REMUNERATIVE BY-PRODUCT.

Power plant variable geometry control

Abstract: Means for controlling the variable geometry of a gas turbine engine having a mechanism for varying the power turbine stator geometry or the gas generator exhaust nozzle geometry to achieve maximum acceleration time by matching the geometry of the engine to the acceleration and droop schedules of the fuel control

System for protecting gas turbine engine of a power plant while the engine is running down

Abstract: THE INVENTION COMPRISES A GAS TURBINE ENGINE POWER PLANT HAVING A RAPID SHUTDOWN FACILITY. THE INLET CAN BE RAPIDILY CLOSED, AND THE EXHAUSXT GASES ARE THEN DIVERTED, COOLED AND RECIRCULATED THROUGH THE ENGINE TO PERMIT IT TO RUN DOWN TO REST WITHOUT STALLING.

Combined gas turbine and steam turbine power plant installation

Abstract: 1,143,469. Combined gas turbine and steam turbine power plant. HEAD WRIGHTSON & CO. Ltd. Feb.7, 1968 [Nov.11, 1966], No.50577/66. Headings F1G and F1Q. In an operating cycle as claimed in Specification 932,718 further low-pressure steam from a source 18 independent of that of the steam turbine 11 is injected into the cycle to improve the output of the compressor driving turbine 1 and/or the load turbine 5. The further low-pressure steam may be injected into the cycle at a position where it is passed through the compressor driving turbine 1 or at a position where it by-passes the compressor driving turbine. A proportion'of the further low-pressure steam supply may be also passed to a de-aerator 15.

Computer control at Fawley. Commissioning the control programs at a 2000 MW thermal generating station

Abstract: The 2000 MW oil-fired generating station at Fawley, due for completion in 1970, will incorporate computer control of each boiler/turbine unit. This article describes the extent of the control system and the techniques used to produce basic control programs. The program for controlling boiler fans is considered in detail, together with more general details of program-commissioning procedures.

Experiments with pilot balloon soundings at some power station sites

Abstract: Ente Nazionale per l'Energia Elettrica (E.N.E.L.), like other large electric power agencies all over the world, is facing the problem of smoke dispersion from the stacks of large power stations. We are carrying out a research programme on some aspects of this problem. Because of topographical and orographical features of our country, the usual formulae for effective stack height and gas dispersion have to be used very carefully and a deep understanding of the local behaviour of the low atmosphere is always necessary. For this purpose, we tried pilot balloon sounding at three power stations, on the Po valley, on the shore of the Ligurian sea and in a mountain valley in southern Italy. We obtained useful informaton about the motion and the layering of the low atmosphere between 75 and 1500 m. Power generation certainly is not the main source of air pollution, and its contribution is small compared with such other sources, as space heating or transportation (Cisler I966), but, like other power agencies over the world, E.N.E.L. feels it necessary to make a large effort in order to reduce to a minimum the air pollution coming from its thermal power plants. Consequently E.N.E.L. is studying on a large scale the problems of smoke diffusion and air pollution. E.N.E.L. activity in this field is divided in two main branches. The first is aiming to study in general some aspects of local meteorology and atmospheric diffusion, such as temperature field studies on a meteorological tower 120 m high at Trino Vercellese. The goal of the other one is to determine local conditions on sites suitable for new power plants, to achieve the best comrpromise between the plant and the surrounding environment. Results from research and experience all over the world give us a well founded confidence that, apart from a few exceptional cases, tall stacks are the best way to reduce to a mninimum the

New Plymouth power station

Abstract: This paper discusses New Zealand's future electricity requirements, particularly those of the southern half of the North Island, and endeavours to show how the New Plymouth coal-fired steam power station should fit into the power supply pattern in future years. It also deals with various aspects of the overall coal-fired power station project.

Means for controlling a plurality of gas turbine engines arranged to discharge into a common plenum chamber

Abstract: 1,175,058. Gas turbine plant; power plant. JOSEPH LUCAS (INDUSTRIES) Ltd. Feb. 21, 1967 [Feb.15, 1966], No. 6515/66. Headings F1G and F1Q. The invention relates to an apparatus comprising a plurality of gas turbine type gas generators which discharge into a common plenum chamber, the gases discharging from the plenum chamber to a plurality of useful power turbines. Control means are provided for providing signals responsive to change in load on at least one of the power turbines, there being means for varying the inlet areas of the power turbines respectively, the means being responsive to said signals respectively, the arrangement being such that the total power gas consumption of the power turbines does not alter substantially from that prevailing before the change in load. Further means are provided responsive to change in the total load upon the power turbines for transmitting a further signal to the fuel systems of the plurality of gas generators so as to change their speeds whereby to provide pressure conditions in the plenum chamber which accord with the new total load conditions on the power turbines. The invention is described with reference to a plant which comprises fifteen gas turbine type gas generators and five useful power turbines. The control system comprises a pump 10 which supplies a constant flow of fluid to line 22, the fluid passing through five lines in parallel then back to the suction side of the pump through line 21. In each of the five lines is a spring- loaded flow responsive valve 11-15 and a valve 16- 20 each of which is responsive to the speed of a power turbine through a device such as 25 which is driven by the associated power turbine. Each of the flow responsive valves is connected to a device for controlling the angle of the inlet guide vanes of the associated power turbine-thus the valve 11 is connected to a spring-loaded piston 27, movement of the piston acting to adjust the position of the inlet nozzle guide vanes 29. A line 23 leads off from the line 22 to a device 24 whereby a signal may be transmitted to a passage common to the fuel supply systems of the gas turbine generators. In operation, should the load of one of the power turbines increase, the reduction of speed of the turbine will be communicated to the valve, say 16, which will move towards its closed postion. The pressure at the downstream side of the valve 11 will therefore increase and the piston 27 will actuate the guide vanes 29 so as to increase the flow area of the turbine inlet duct. The closing of the valve 16 will result in increased fluidpressure in the line 22 so that the pressure differentials across the valves 12, 13, 14, 15 will increase so that the pistons associated with the valves will move and actuate the guide vanes of the associated power turbines to reduce the flow areas of the turbine inlet ducts. It is arranged that the total area of the power turbine inlet ducts remains constant so that the gas consumption of the power turbines will not vary substantially until the speed of the gas generators has been changed to accord with the new load conditions. The increased pressure in the line 22 is transmitted through the line 23 to the device 24 which acts on the fuel systems of the gas generators to increase the speeds thereof so that the gas pressure in the common plenum chamber will increase. The speeds of the power turbines will thus increase and therefore the valves 16 to 20 will be operated and equilibrium conditions restored. An electrical control system is shown in Fig. 2, the system operating in a similar manner to the hydraulic system described. A constant current producing unit 30 is connected to five lines in parallel 31 to 32 each line having a fixed resistor 36 to 40 and a variable resistor 41 to 45 in series. The variable resistors are controlled by speed responsive devices such as 46 associated with the power turbine while each fixed resistor is associated with a voltage or current responsive servo-unit such as 47 which adjusts the inlet guide vanes 29 of the associated power turbine. Fuel supply to the gas generators is controlled by means of a solenoid operated valve 48.