Showing papers on "Power station published in 1970"

Nonpolluting constant output electric power plant

Abstract: Oxygen is delivered to a gas producer to gasify coal to produce fuel which is then delivered with more oxygen to a boiler furnace to generate steam and to form products of combustion that include water vapor and carbon dioxide. The water vapor is condensed and separated from the carbon dioxide. The steam is conducted to a steam turbine at a rate that enables it to operate the plant at substantially full capacity continuously. The turbine drives an electric generator. During periods of reduced load, surplus power from the plant is used for liquefying some of the separated carbon dioxide. Some of the surplus power also is used for operating air separation apparatus, to which the liquefied carbon dioxide is conducted to aid in producing liquid oxygen in excess of the oxygen requirements of the gas producer and furnace during the reduced load period. The surplus liquid oxygen is stored for use, after warming, in the plant between the periods of reduced load when the air separation apparatus is not operating.

Turbine power plant control with an on-line optimization control

Abstract: Means for speeding up the assessment and optimization process for a turbine engine control including a factor that estimates the change in steady state fuel flow required to maintain the desired thrust level.

Nuclear reactor power plant structural support system

Abstract: A structural support system for the steam generators and reactor coolant circulating pumps of a nuclear power plant in which each steam generator is carried in a lower frame support mounted on linear slides and also is supported by an upper ring to which there is secured four equi-spaced hydraulic snubber assemblies mounted to the charging floor of the power plant at perpendicular directions to each other. Each reactor coolant pump is carried in a pivotally mounted frame support adjacent its associated steam generator. Hydraulic snubber assemblies extend between each steam generator and its associated reactor coolant pump and also between the reactor shield wall and each of the steam generators and reactor coolant pumps.

Gas turbine power plant

Abstract: A POWER PLANT HAVING A GAS TURBINE ENGINE WITH SEPARATE GAS GENERATOR AND POWER TURBINE SECTIONS, A TRANSMISSION WITH INPUT AND OUTPUT SHAFTS CONNECTED BY DIFFERENTIAL GEARING, A HYDRAULIC POWER TRANSFER LOOP, AND POWER TRANSFER MEANS BETWEEN THE ENGINE AND THE TRANSMISSION. THE POWER TRANSFER MEANS HAS A FIRST SET OF POWER TRANSFER PATHS SELECTIVELY CONNECTING THE POWER TURBINE WITH THE INPUT SHAFT, AND A SECOND SET OF POWER TRANSFER PATHS SELECTIVELY CONNECTING THE GAS GENERATOR SECTION WITH OTHER PARTS OF THE TRANSMISSION. BOTH POWER TRANSFER PATHS OF EACH SET HAVE GEAR REDUCTION TRAINS OF DIFFERENT RATIOS. CLUTCH MEANS SERVE TO SELECTIVELY RENDER CERTAIN POWER TRANSFER PATHS OF EACH SET EFFECTIVE AT PREDETERMINED TIMES DURING THE OPERATION OF THE POWER PLANT. A HYDRAULIC POWER TRANSFER LOOP, WITH COMBINATION PUMP AND MOTOR COMPONENTS IN MOTIONTRANSMITTING RELATION WITH ELEMENTS OF THE TRANSMISSION AND THE OUTPUT SHAFT, SERVES IN CERTAIN PHASES OF OPERATION OF THE POWER PLANT TO DELIVER POWER FROM THE POWER TURBINE TO THE OUTPUT SHAFT, AND IN OTHER PHASES OF OPERATION FROM THE OUTPUT SHAFT TO THE COMPRESSOR. A TWO-SPEED GEAR SECTION MAY BE EMPLOYED BETWEEN ONE HYDRAULIC COMPONENT AND THE OUTPUT SHAFT TO INCREASE THE EFFECTIVITY OF POWER TRANSFER AT CERTAIN SPEEDS. CONTROL MEANS SERVES DURING ACCELERATION OF THE POWER PLANT TO ACTUATE PARTS OF THE CLUTCH MEANS AT A CERTAIN PERCENTAGE OF THE MAXIMUM SPEED OF THE OUTPUT SHAFT TO RENDER CERTAIN POWER TRANSFER PATHS EFFECTIVE, AND OTHER PARTS OF THE CLUTCH MEANS AT A DIFFERENT PERCENTAGE OF THE MAXIMUM OUTPUT SHAFT SPEED DURING DECELERATION OF THE POWER PLANT TO RENDER THE OTHER POWER TRANSFER PATHS EFFECTIVE.

Materials for direct-conversion thermoelectric generators

Abstract: In large-scale power generation, for example at a central power station, the standard process involves the use of a heat engine to drive an electrical conductor through a magnetic field. The last stage is the alternator, which is very highly developed and has an efficiency of 98%. The heat engine itself has been considerably improved over the last 50 years or so, but still has an efficiency of < 50%, usually 30–40%. It is based on the use of coal or oil (fossil fuel) or nuclear power (uranium fission). Any of these fuels can be used to raise steam and drive a steam turbine, and this is the usual procedure in the central power station. Fossil fuel can be used in the gas turbine or the internal combustion engine, and both are used in relatively small installations to drive an alternator. Water and wind power are, of course, also utilised. There has been increasing interest in recent years in the possibility of developing more direct processes of converting heat to electricity.

Electric power takeoff system

Abstract: An electric power takeoff system for operative association with electric output devices such as alternators or generators driven by an engine such as providing motive power for vehicles of different types, stationary engines and other types of power plant apparatus. The electric power takeoff system operates to provide operating power for operating electrical appliances, battery charging and welding attachments, directly therefrom, the appliances and attachments operating on DC current in voltage ranges from 1 to 220 volts DC. The system includes a means of adjusting electric output by changing the rpm of the engine driving the alternator, so as to match voltage requirement on appliances being operated, or combination thereof, the functions being performed through the system and automatically operable upon actuation of an appliance switch when connected into the system and engine speed, and therefore electric power output, will be automatically established upon actuation of the appliance. The system includes an automatic, electromagnetic working solenoid functioning to increase engine speed and also change circuitry to provide a fail safe system to preclude endangering an alternator, regulator or electrical system associated with the engine. A fail safe circuitry is provided to accommodate operating the system for battery charging in voltage ranges of 1-220 volts DC and polarity protection is incorporated within the on-off switch circuitry in the event of improper hookup to a battery being charged. The system also incorporates a safe and simple hook-up feature for quick association with a vehicle system incorporating such an engine providing preassembled and connected wiring.

A load shifting model for air pollution control in the electric power industry.

Abstract: Load-shifting, a relatively inexpensive approach to air pollution control, involves transferring the generating load from one power plant to another according to meteorological conditions. In this paper, an atmospheric dispersion model is adapted to estimate the exposure of the urban population to sulfur dioxide from operating the power system in different ways. Then a mathematical model of the power system of a metropolitan area is constructed to determine the reduction in pollution exposure which could be achieved, and the costs involved. As a case study, the application of the model to St. Louis, Missouri, is simulated. Under favorable conditions, load shifting could reduce pollution exposure up to 95%, while increasing the costs of electric power generation by only 4%. The load-shifting model has use not only as an operational control strategy, but also as an analytical tool to evaluate alternative pollution control measures in the electric power industry.

Load anticipation control for a free turbine type of power plant

Abstract: The inlet guide vanes that adjust the pneumatic load of a compressor driven by the free turbine of a free turbine type power plant are positioned as a linear function of electrical load and inlet pressure.

Turbine power plant control system

Abstract: Thrust of a turbine type of power plant is controlled by closing the loop on fuel flow as a function of the difference between the desired thrust and a precalculated inferred thrust signal in combination with an optimization system for obtaining optimum thrust specific fuel consumption.

Method and apparatus for increasing the efficiency of electric power generating plants

Abstract: 1,213,112. Gas turbine plant; power plant. W.J. LANG. Jan.23, 1969 [Feb.14, 1968; March 20, 1968], No.3861/69. Headings F1G and F1Q. [Also in Division F4] In an electricity generating plant energy is stored during periods of low electrical load requirement by compressing gas by means of electric power and storing the gas under hydrostatic pressure in a subterranean reservoir, the gas being withdrawn to drive a prime mover to generate electricity during periods of high electrical load requirement, the hydrostatic pressure remaining substantially constant. The gas may be air, carbon dioxide or natural gas, or a gas such as LPG which becomes liquid under pressure. In one embodiment, Fig. 1, the subterranean reservoir is formed by an aquifer bounded by impermeable caprock, compressed air being forced down a shaft 5 into the aquifer by an electrically driven compressor 11 during periods of low load and being withdrawn through a shaft 7 under pressure of the displaced water to drive a turbine 13 and generator 15 during periods of high load requirement. The displaced water maintains the air pressure substantially constant. In a modification, Fig. 2 (not shown), shafts 5, 7 are replaced by a single shaft (16) connected at ground level to a reversible screw type compressor-turbine and motor-generator unit. In a further modification, several aquifer reservoirs are used, the air being stored under low hydrostatic pressure in one reservoir and then being compressed and stored under higher hydrostatic pressure in a second reservoir before being withdrawn, when required, to drive the turbine. The expanded air is returned to the low-pressure reservoir. In a further arrangement, Fig. 3, the air reservoir is formed by a man-made cavity in impermeable rock or salt 25, the hydrostatic pressure on the compressed air being provided by a water pipe 27 passing through the air shaft 26 and connected to a ground level water reservoir 29. The storage plant may supplement the output of a main hydroelectric, steam or diesel driven generating plant.

Propellants from earth{40 s heats

Abstract: A power plant apparatus combination including a first hydroelectric prime mover positioned deep in the earth furnishing water and electricity to a steam boiler supplying steam to a second prime mover through a heat insulated steam pipe; the second prime mover is also equipped to generate electric current. Excess water run-off means is provided and units for recovering fresh water and sea salt when these are desired can also be provided.

Atmospheric Attenuation of Microwave Power

Abstract: Large earth satellite power stations have been proposed to convert solar energy to microwave energy and to transmit it to earth receiving stations. What wavelength region and how large a power density can he transmitted from the satellite power sta-to earth without significant interaction and subsequent loss of energy to the earth’s atmosphere is discussed. In the wavelength region of 3–30 cm, three attenuation mechanisms are investigated: nonlinear phenomena of the ionosphere, gaseous attenuation of water vapor and oxygen, and hydrameteor attenuation of clouds and rain. It is concluded that for power densities of 0.01 w/cm2, the optimum wavelength region for transmission of microwave power through the earth’s atmosphere is the 10 cm region.

Drive line for a gas turbine power plant

Abstract: A drive line for a gas turbine engine having an integrated diffuser, a regenerator section, a burner and gasifier section, a power turbine section and a power transmission assembly, power input elements of the power transmission assembly being connected drivably to the power turbine and power output elements thereof being connected to an output shaft extending in parallel disposition with respect to the power turbine shaft and through the gas turbine diffuser housing, the diffuser blades being modified to accommodate the output shaft whereby the overall dimensions of the engine and drive line are reduced to a minimum.

Application Of Short And 24 Hours Air PollutionForecasting Around A Power Plant

Abstract: A model-based system for real-time simulation and prediction of SĈ concentration around a Power Plant has been applied. The real-time simulation is done for 5 minutes average-time periods, from the measurements of nine meteorological towers and one Remtech sodar. A meteorological prediction model has been developed for providing a one-day forecast (for 30 minutes average-time periods), as input in time for the adaptive plume model. This system allows the prediction of SC>2 concentration around a power plant for different emission levels, along the following 24 hours. Both systems run continously on an area around As Pontes Power Plant, since November 1994. Their ground level concentration (glc) results are compared to the measurements from 17 glc remote stations, 30 km around the Power Plant. This one provides a database for the validation of the real-time and forecasting systems, and both are applied to the control of the SC>2 emissions at the surrounding of As Pontes 1400 MW Coal-Fired Power Plant.

Vapor power plant

Abstract: A vapor power plant driven with a working fluid vaporized from a liquid having a relatively freezing point such as trichloromonofluoromethane, comprising a working fluid circuit and a cooling fluid circuit both of which share limited common a passage with each other so that the same liquid can be used both as a working medium for driving a prime mover of the power plant and as a cooling medium for cooling an exhaust from the prime mover.

Control installation for a hydro-electric power station

Abstract: A control installation for a hydro-electric power station comprises slow-action integrated means for controlling the power outputs of each of a plurality of turbines to bring them to desired values and for equalizing the desired values, and a direct-action regulator which acts without substantial dephasing on output-adjusting members of the turbines.

Large Helium Turbines for Nuclear Power Plants

Abstract: A short review of the state-of-the-art of the closed cycle gas turbine technology is given and the future requirements for large helium turbines are described. The necessary development of components and turbine sizes is outlined. In a second part of the paper the configuration and layout of power plants with gas turbines are discussed.Copyright © 1970 by ASME

SF system: Power conversion

Abstract: This article describes the constant current, high voltage power facilities which power the SF Submarine Cable repeaters. The overall power system description includes discussions of the power connections to the cable, and a review of overall design requirements and objectives. The circuit description is covered in a general manner to demonstrate the basic concept. Particular emphasis is given to the description of several significant circuit innovations which include automatic load sharing by two constant current sources, 20 kHz inverter operation with output wave symmetry correction, solid-state alarm detectors, automatic turn-up and turn-down features, electrical noise suppression, redundant shutdown circuits and selective alarm cutoffs. The physical design includes the extensive use of plug-in modules for ease of maintenance, convection cooling of the entire power supply including the test load, and a key interlock system which prevents access to high voltage components when the power supply is energized. A special high-voltage switch can transfer the cable from one power plant to another without interruption of service.

Transient Digital Control of a Boiling-Water Reactor Power Plant

Abstract: The scope of this paper is the investigation of the control-strategy-design problem. The digital-control system of a model of a nuclear boiling-water reactor power plant of 500-MW electrical output...

Aircraft power plant

Abstract: An aircraft power plant includes a nuclear reactor, a device for converting reactor heat to electricity which is used to create a silent discharge, an air-breathing engine, the ingested air being heated by being passed through said discharge, and a jet nozzle for expelling the heated air to obtain thrust.