Showing papers on "Power station published in 1971"

Method and apparatus for increasing power output and/or thermal efficiency of a gas turbine power plant

Abstract: A gas turbine power plant having a modified gas turbine cycle (Brayton cycle) wherein the compressor inlet air is super-chilled before it enters the compressor. Superchilling, as defined herein, means to supercharge the inlet air to increase the pressure thereof to a pressure level moderately greater than the atmospheric pressure and to chill the supercharged air to decrease the temperature thereof, the preferred temperature level being in the vicinity of about 40* Fahrenheit. A heat recovery cycle is provided to supply the energy necessary to superchill the compressor inlet air.

Combined gas-steam turbine power plant

Abstract: In a combined gas-steam turbine power plant, part-load heat rate is improved by recirculating the boiler stack gas into the air inlet of the turbine compressor section.

Jet propulsion power plant

Abstract: A jet propulsion power plant comprising in succession a compressor, a supplemental heating means, an expansion gas turbine, a main heating means, and a magnetoplasmadynamic generator adapted to supply at least a part of the energy necessary for driving the compressor The compressor is driven by an electrical motor means electrically connected to the magnetoplasmadynamic generator and to a supplemental generator rotated by the expansion gas turbine

Regenerative ranking cycle power plant

Abstract: This invention relates to the regenerative pre-heating of feed liquids by expanded heating vapor discharged from heat engines of vapor power plants within velocity-accelerated contact heat exchangers. The regenerative Rankine cycle invention may operate with any suitable working fluid such as steam or organic vapors, and has potential application to both stationary and vehicular power plant systems.

Modularized sea power electrical generator plant

Abstract: An electrical generating plant utilizing temperature differentials (thermoclines) between various levels of the ocean having modularized boiler units, condenser units, and engine units which are adapted for assemblage in a stacked array to form a power unit. Any number of power units can be efficiently and economically connected together and attached to a pair of prefabricated pipes to form a generating plant.

Power plant and method for generating peak power therein

Abstract: A power plant, such as a nuclear power plant, and a method for generating peak power therein. The power plant has a thermal accumulator installation composed of main and superheat accumulators so that after the latter are charged steam for peakpower purposes may be derived therefrom in order to operate a turbine through steam generators and superheaters connected to the accumulators through conduits which operate at different pressure-and-temperature levels. The contents of at least some of the accumulators are circulated by a circulating means a plurality of times through the latter accumulators with the circulated contents of any one accumulator being successively directed to flow paths of progressively lower pressure-andtemperature levels during successive circulations of its contents therethrough.

meteorological program for limiting power plant stack emission

Abstract: This paper is directed to those individuals concerned with preserving the local air quality in areas affected by power plant operations. A meteorological forecast and field measurement program has been developed by the Tennessee Valley Authority for limiting stack emissions at the Paradise Steam Plant to preserve the air quality during adverse atmospheric dispersion conditions. Meteorological and plume dispersion criteria, developed from analysis of prior experience, govern the program. The criteria values are designed for limiting surface sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations below an established threshold level. Daily forecasts of vertical wind and temperature distribution, maximum surface temperature, and sky condition are issued each afternoon by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service, Knoxville, Tennessee. Through use of power plant computer facilities, the forecast data are processed to determine quantitative criteria values. If the values indicate that the thresh...

Adaptive Control of Nuclear Reactors Using a Digital Computer

Abstract: An adaptive system for the control of the power level of a nuclear reactor is described The controller has a square-law element of variable gain, optimum values for which have been obtained from off-line computations for certain power levels and parameter values When conditions in the reactor deviate from those assumed for the off-line optimization, the gain factor is adapted on-line, such that the difference between actual and demanded power levels is minimized An existing power reactor and associated control system have been simulated, as well as the proposed adaptive scheme The results show that the adaptive controller gives improvements by at least an order of magnitude in the accuracy of following power demand changes, and at the same time reduces the necessary control effort Since the scheme entails only a small number of arithmetic and logical operations and has limited memory requirements, it may be implemented on a conventional process computer, or built as a special purpose digital control system

Nuclear power plant having a closed gas cooling circuit

Abstract: In a nuclear power plant of the type having closed gas coupling circuit, a high temperature reactor is enclosed by one concrete pressure structure; enclosed by another concrete structure separate form and adjacent to the reactor are the related operating components of the power plant such as turbine and compressor units, coolers, heat exchangers, etc. and the housing structures of these individual operating components, such as those which enclose and support the guide blading of the turbo-machines(turbines and compressors) as well as all interconnecting pipe lines and the pipe lines to and form the reactor serve as lost i.e. cast in forms around which concrete is poured on the construction site thereby to form a machine block. The drive shaft form the turbine projects outwardly from the machine block for connection to the electric generator.

Fuel control for turbine type power plant having variable area geometry

Abstract: The turbine inlet temperature of a turbine type of power plant, particularly the type that includes a variable geometry, is controlled by setting a referred weight flow of the power plant working medium and closing the loop through fuel flow so that the actual referred weight flow matches the set value. The ratio of the difference between the total pressure upstream of the burner and the static pressure downstream of the burner to the total pressure upstream of the burner serves to produce a signal indicative of the actual weight flow of the power plant working medium.

Holding system for steam power cycle

Abstract: A system and method for maintaining a power plant at stand-by or holding status for indefinite or extended periods of time wherein a relatively small portion of steam is circulated through the power plant to maintain the low pressure portion of the power plant at an elevated temperature above, and a pressure below, atmospheric conditions. The addition of steam also heats, seals, and purges the low pressure portion of the plant of non-condensible vapors.

Central power plant for feeding dc power transmission plant

Abstract: A power station is provided with a power machine driving an AC generator for feeding an HVDC power transmission plant, comprising a rectifier station in the power station and an inverter station at the other end of an HVDC line connected to the rectifier station. The power machine is controlled from a machine regulator to provide a desired rotational speed, while the converter stations of the HVDC transmission plant are controlled from a converter regulator to maintain a desired transmission magnitude. The machine regulator and the converter regulator are mutually connected and coordinated so that, in the first place, a change in the state of control of the HVDC plant is fed to the input of the machine regulator and, in the next place, a deviation between the state of control of the power machine and the actual number of turns of this machine influences the converter regulator so that the state of control of the converters is temporarily adapted to that of the power machine.

Vehicular air-conditioning and heating system

Abstract: A vehicular heating and cooling system is disclosed for use with a power plant of the vapor turbine cycle type. The system uses the fluid from the power plant itself as a working fluid.

System Costs and the Location of New Generating Plant in England and Wales

Abstract: Two basic problems for the electricity supply industry are examined, namely, which type of generating plant to install and where to locate the plant. The post-war location of coal-fired power stations in England and Wales is considered. It is suggested that insufficient attention has been paid by geographers to the effects of the whole system on locational decisions; the multiple functions of the grid system, distribution, interconnection, and bulk transfer are emphasized. The reasons for the up-grading of the grid system to 400 kV are then discussed. The selection of plant type has become especially significant with the development of oil-fired and nuclear capacity. A method of evaluating the lifetime costs of different plant is described, the importance of viewing each plant within the generating system as a whole being stressed. The results of such evaluations indicate the long-term viability of nuclear stations. The significance of political decisions in determining type of plant is briefly indicated. The development of oil-fired and nuclear generation has made the location of power stations much more flexible. In the future, new generating capacity will tend to be located within broad regions of demand. IN the 20 years following nationalization of the electricity supply industry (I948), the demand for electricity in England and Wales has more than quadrupled, and is expected to increase by about 6 per cent a year in the I 97os, despite a falling-off in the rate of growth from the mid-196os. New generating capacity has been provided to cater for this rapid growth in demand and also for the retirement of plant. This paper is concerned with the post-war development of new generating capacity in England and Wales. It considers investment appraisal and decisions regarding the type of plant (nuclear, coal, oil, or gas turbine) to be installed and its location, but not the substitution of fuels in existing power stations. Particular attention is paid to the importance of viewing these decisions in the context of the entire generating and transmitting system, an approach which has been insufficiently considered by geographers. The objective of the electricity supply industry in England and Wales has been defined by the I947 Electricity Act as the minimization of the delivered cost (i.e., the cost of electricity delivered to the Area Boards which are responsible for distribution to the consumer) for a given level of security. There is one corporate decision-making body, the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB), whose decisions are subject to government approval. The electricity industry has accounted for io per cent of all capital investment in recent years (Ministry of Power, I965, p. 29), and there is considerable expenditure on research. Accordingly, evaluation of locational factors by the CEGB is extremely thorough, and the subsequent location of plant represents a relatively 'optimal' (i.e., least-cost) choice for the time at which the decision is made. However, the relevant considerations change in relative significance over time. The size of the electricity supply industry has been no assurance against inaccurate predictions of the future demand for electricity or the trend in the costs of nuclear energy. Furthermore, the high capital investment in plant means that, when

Potentials for Reuse of Wastewater in North Central Texas

Abstract: There are several possible ways in which wastewater from municipalities may be reclaimed and reused so as to minimize the need for imported water in North Central Texas. The rationale for reuse is enhanced by the fact that new water quality requirements in the Trinity River system will necessitate a very high degree of treatment at municipal sewage plants, just for discharge to surface streams. The largest potential market for municipal effluent is the steam-electric power industry. Within the next decade the generating capacity for electric power in North Central Texas will have to be more than doubled to meet increasing demand. Adequate supplies of condenser cooling water for such expansion will be difficult to obtain and assure. New large power stations might advantageously be located adjacent to municipal wastewater treatment plants, to utilize effluent as make-up water for cooling towers. Experience elsewhere has shown that well-treated wastewater can be used for cooling tower make-up with a minimum of trouble, with a considerable saving in overall cost, and with conservation of pristine water for other uses.

Water Consumption Study for Navajo Plant

Abstract: As suitable sites for very large steam-electric generating plants along natural waterways become scarcer, the use of cooling towers for purposes of cooling plant waste heat will increase. Water quantities available for withdrawal and consumption will also become limited, especially as electric production increases and the number of plants and their sizes increase. At the Navajo plant site near Page, AZ, the water source is Lake Powell, which is more than adequate for the proposed generating station. However, there is a limitation on the amount of water that can be obtained. This paper analyzes these problems, presents an analytical heat heat-and-mass balance method for accurately determining the evaporative losses for cooling towers, reviews the influential effects of plant site atmospheric conditions on cooling tower evaporative losses, and presents other factors affecting water consumption, such as type of plant (nuclear or fossil), unit size, steam conditions, and plant loading characteristics.

How to make a profit on waste heat.

Abstract: The possibility of using warm water from power stations to control the temperature of plant and animal enclosures is examined. With the heat from a nuclear station such as the 330-MW(electric) gas-...

Improvements in or relating to power plants

Abstract: 1,241,953. 953. Turbines; rotary motors; power plant. H. A. KERSHAW. Sept. 13, 1968 [Sept. 19, 1967], No. 42494/67. Headings F1F; F1Q and F1T. [Also in Division F4] In a power plant steam or other vapour from a boiler 1 passes through a pipe 11 and is mixed in an injector 7 with water or other liquid passed from the boiler through pipe 12, the mixture driving a motor 3 such as a turbine, gear, or Roots blower type motor. Water collecting in a sump 5 on the outlet side of the motor 3 passes through pipe 6 to an injector 7a and is forced back to the boiler 1 through pipe 9 by steam feed to the injector 7a through pipe 14 from the casing of motor 3. Alternatively the injector 7a may be powered by steam taken directly from the boiler 1. In a modification, Fig. 1 (not shown), an injector is not provided on the input side of the motor 3 and the latter is driven by water forced from boiler 1 under boiler steam pressure. Flow control valves are provided in the appropriate pipes. Auxiliary steam turbines or heat exchangers may be provided in the steam pipes leading to the injectors. The steam passing through the pipes may be super-heated. When the motor 3 is a turbine it may be of Pelton wheel type. Instead of water, boiler 1 may contain a liquified gas e.g. air, or a gas such as air in a solvent liquid such as water.

Sea wave electric power system

Abstract: SWEPS is a new method of combining sea wave power and air driven turbines to generate electrical energy. The acronym SWEPS is an abbreviation for Sea Wave Electric Power System. This Arrangement involves a means of using sea wave power to compress air to high pressure and using that air to drive a high speed air operated turbogenerator. The idea, primarily conceived to furnish power for Sea Relay and Weather Towers, might be modified for use to generate power for commercial consumption by mounting the apparatus on a floating pier or buoy supported platform.

Review of experience relevant to the operation of commercial fast reactors

Abstract: Reliability, availability, maintainability and ease of control are the most important aspects to be considered in any assessment of the operational viability of commercial fast reactor (CFR) power stations. From studies of operating experience on nuclear and conventional power stations with the U.K. and the rest of the world it is possible to establish the factors which have most relevance to performance under these general headings and the more important factors are identified. These include the periodic and relatively prolonged outages for plant overhaul and inspections; the significance of off-load charge/discharge arrangements on nuclear stations; the ability to remove and replace plant items and the reliability of key items; and the likely level of spurious trips. Experience from operation of the Dounreay Fast Reactor and from extensive component development rigs has been used to make detailed assessments of the likely operational performance of the 250 MW(e) Prototype Fast Reactor (PFR). This has established the influence of the performance of such key features as the primary and secondary liquid metal pumps and the steam generators and the advantages of the ability to continue operation with some of these units isolated. The reliability and speed of operation of the off-load fuel handlingmore » equipment has been assessed including the influence of fuel performance particularly in the context of continued operation following fuel failures. From these assessments for PFR, some general conclusions on the operational performance of CFR stations will be drawn. The maintenance implications arising from the use of liquid metal coolant are considered against the background of the very considerable experience available in the U.K. For removable plant items it has shown that no major problems should arise and for fixed components, particularly within the primary circuit, the view is put forward that fast reactor power station designs should permit good access for repair of major faults. 8 refs. (auth)« less

Electrical Features of the 1590 MW Coal-Slurry-Supplied Mohave Generating Station

Abstract: This paper stresses the unique and complex electrical auxiliary system associated with the handling of coal in slurry form delivered by pipeline.