Showing papers on "Power station published in 1972"

Chlorination at Power Plants: Impact on Phytoplankton Productivity

Abstract: Studies of the eflects of passage through a power plant on river phytoplankton have shown that chlorination depresses rates of photosynthesis and respiration to a much greater extent than does heating.

System and method for operating industrial gas turbine apparatus and gas turbine electric power plants preferably with a digital computer control system

Abstract: A gas turbine power plant is provided with an industrial gas turbine which drives a rotating brushless exciter generator coupled to a power system through a breaker. One or more of the turbine-generator plants are operated by a hybrid digital computer control system during sequenced startup, synchronizing, load, and shutdown operations. The program system for the computer and external analog circuitry operate in a multiple gas turbine control loop arrangement. Logic macro instructions are employed in programming the computer for logic operations of the control system.

System and method employing a digital computer with improved programmed operation for automatically synchronizing a gas turbine or other electric power plant generator with a power system

Abstract: A gas turbine power plant is provided with an industrial gas turbine which drives a rotating brushless exciter generator coupled to a power system through a breaker. One or more of the turbine-generator plants are operated by a hybrid digital computer control system during sequenced startup, synchronizing, load and shutdown operations. The program system for the computer and external analog circuitry operate in a multiple gas turbine control loop arrangement. Automatic synchronization is achieved with a hybrid subsystem which includes the programmed computer and external phase detection circuitry. An automatic synchronization program for the computer is divided into rough speed and voltage matching, fine speed matching and breaker closure subprograms.

Power-generating plant using a combined gas- and steam-turbine cycle

Abstract: Power-generating plant using a combined gas- and steam-turbine cycle. The plant comprises a reservoir in which cold air under pressure is stored during off-peak hours for being used during peak-hours to supply, in parallel with compressors, the gas turbine of the plant. A liquefaction and distillation unit is used on the supplying air circuit with a view to supply the steam boiler with air enriched with oxygen and the gas turbine with a mixture of air and nitrogen.

System and method employing a digital computer for automatically synchronizing a gas turbine or other electric power plant generator with a power system

Abstract: A gas turbine power plant is provided with an industrial gas turbine which drives a rotating brushless exciter generator coupled to a power system through a breaker. One or more of the turbine-generator plants are operated by a hybrid digital computer control system during sequenced startup, synchronizing, load, and shutdown operations. The program system for the computer and external analog circuitry operate in a multiple gas turbine control loop arrangement. Automatic synchronization is achieved with a hybrid subsystem which includes the programmed computer and external phase detection circuitry. An automatic synchronization program for the computer is divided into rough speed and voltage matching, fine speed matching and breaker closure subprograms.

Combined gas-steam power plant

Abstract: Combined gas-steam power plant with peak energy storage includes a steam turbine driving a generator that is coupled by a torque converter to an air compressor for a gas turbine, a shaft clutch disengagable during operation of the power plant being located between the steam turbine and the generator associated therewith.

Control for auxiliary power unit

Abstract: A control for a free turbine type of power plant utilized as an auxiliary power unit for aircraft generating electricity, supplying pneumatics and/or hydraulic pressure, maintains turbine speed at a constant value by modulaing engine power and compressor load independently of each other.

Results of stability tests on an underexcited 120 MW generator

Abstract: The paper is primarily a factual account of stability tests carried out by the Central Electricity Generating Board on a 120 MW turbogenerator at Northfleet power station. The tests were carried out with the test generator operating at leading power factors, and the generator was connected to the main body of the system by a high-impedance transmission link to simulate the situation in which a large coastal power station might be required to operate on the CEGB's system. The results of 2-phase-to-earth-fault and 3-phase-fault tests are presented, one of which resulted in instability of the test generator followed by automatic resynchronisation. The perform ance of the auxiliary system during the fault tests is shown, as also is the behaviour of the turbine and governor. Since the tests were done at leading power factors, particular attention is given to the generator parameters in the quadrature axis. Special tests were done to investigate these parameters, and the results of these tests are also given in the paper.

Control system and method for controlling dual fuel operation of industrial gas turbine power plants, preferably employing a digital computer

Abstract: A gas turbine power plant is provided with an industrial gas turbine capable of sustained operation on either gas or liquid fuel, or a mixture of the two. One of more of such turbine-generator plants are operated by a hybrid digital computer control system during all turbine operating modes. Optimum scheduling of either or both fuels under load is achieved by computer directed dual fuel subsystem operation. Computer determined fuel demands are continuously satisfied through either independent or simultaneous operation of the gas and liquid fuel subsystems.

Industrial gas turbine power plant control system having capability for effectuating automatic fuel transfer under load preferably employing a digital computer

Abstract: A gas turbine power plant is provided with an industrial gas turbine capable of sustained operation on either gas or liquid fuel or a mixture of the two. One or more of such turbinegenerator plants are operated by a hybrid digital computer control system during all turbine operating modes. Automatic transferring from operation using one fuel to operation sustained entirely by the other is achieved by computer directed dual fuel subsystem operation. Operation on a mixture of fuels is likewise computer directed.

Gas Turbine Recuperator Technology Advancements

Abstract: Because of intense development in the aircraft gas turbine field over the last 30 years, the fixed boundary recuperator has received much less development attention than the turbomachinery, and is still proving to be the nemesis of the small gas turbine design engineer. For operation on cheap fuel, such as natural gas, the simple cycle-engine is the obvious choice, but where more expensive liquid fuels are to be burned, the economics of gas turbine operation can be substantially improved by incorporating an efficient, reliable recuperator. For many industrial, vehicular, marine, and utility applications it can be shown that the gas turbine is a more attractive prime mover than either the diesel engine or steam turbine. For some military applications the fuel logistics situation shows the recuperative gas turbine to be the most effective power plant. For small nuclear Brayton cycle space power systems the recuperator is an essential component for high overall plant efficiency, and hence reduced thermal rejection to the environment. Data are presented to show that utilization of compact efficient heat transfer surfaces developed primarily for aerospace heat exchangers, can result in a substantial reduction in weight and volume, for industrial, vehicular, marine, and nuclear gas turbine recuperators. With the increase in overall efficiency of the recuperative cycle (depending on the level of thermal effectiveness, and the size and type of plant), the cost of the heat exchanger can often be paid for in fuel savings, after only a few hundred hours of operation. Heat exchanger surface geometries and fabrication techniques, together with specific recuperator sizes for different applications, are presented. Design, performance, structural, manufacturing, and economic aspects of compact heat exchanger technology, as applied to the gas turbine, are discussed in detail, together with projected future trends in this field.Copyright © 1972 by ASME

System and method for operating a gas turbine electric power plant with bypass flow fueling operation to provide improved reliability and extended apparatus life

Abstract: A gas turbine electric power plant is provided with an industrial gas turbine which is operated by a computer control system. The gas turbine is provided with a liquid fuel system having a turbine driven pump which supplies fuel to turbine nozzles through a throttle valve. A bypass pump pressure regulator valve and a bypass pressure temperature limiter valve function together to provide stable fuel pressure operation and stable turbine inlet air temperature operation during ignition and other turbine operating periods. Such bypass means are operated substantially independently of the control system.

Conversion means for a gas turbine engine

Abstract: A gas turbine engine of the free power turbine type, in which the power turbine rotates independently of the compressor driving turbine, is provided with conversion means for coupling and decoupling the power turbine from the compressor driving turbine. In the uncoupled mode of operation, the powerplant and its associated load may be quickly accelerated to operating speed with a minimum of externally applied starting torque and energy. Once operating speed is attained, the power turbine may be coupled to the compressor driving turbine in order that transient speed changes of the gas turbine engine in response to changes in the load requirement be maintained at a minimum.

Puffer power plant

Abstract: A vehicle-powering gas turbine of the gas-coupled type includes a power transfer clutch between the gas generator turbine and the power turbine of the engine. To use the power plant for blowing air for such purposes as unloading powdered cargo, a bleed from the outlet of the engine compressor is opened and the power turbine is decoupled from the vehicle power transmission and drive wheels and coupled to the gas generator turbine by the power transfer clutch.

System for monitoring and controlling industrial gas turbine power plants including facility for dynamic calibration control instrumentation

Abstract: A gas turbine power plant having a hybrid digital computer control system is provided with an industrial gas turbine which drives a rotating brushless exciter generator coupled to a power system through a breaker. Control inputs representative of selected operating parameters are continuously available to provide highly responsive control over a broad range of gas turbine and generator operating conditions. Predictable errors are effectively eliminated by means of programmed computer operations to thereby ensure highly accurate control variable derivation essential to maintaining gas turbine operation at or near design limits while providing synchronized operation of turbine and generator.

Impact attenuating, replaceable powerplant support

Abstract: An easily replaceable powerplant support is disclosed for use on motor vehicles, of either rigid frame or unit body construction. The two main intercostal members are adaptable to engage impact attenuating devices while the vehicle is in use; as well as being adaptable to engage a powerplant removal fixture during removal or replacement of the powerplant and its support for maintenance and inspection or substitution.

Wave operated power plant

Abstract: Developing and changing kinetic energy (motion) into potential dynamic energy continuously and non-poisonously, is the subject of this disclosure, particular attention being given to establishing a continuous water power producing circuit between a water source near the ground level, and a hydro-electric power plant deep down in the ground. Water rising from the deep hydroelectric power plant is pushed much higher than ground level by compressed air from which high point it falls through another hydro-electric power plant to be be returned to its water source, and repeat its performance.

The Generation of Pollution-Free Electrical Power From Solar Energy

Abstract: Feasibility of large-scale terrestrial plants for future generation of pollution free electrical power from solar energy

The impact of public works schemes on farming: a case study relating to a reservoir and power station in north wales

Abstract: This is a study of the economic effects on farming of building a reservoir and an atomic power station in two rural areas in North Wales. Whilst these schemes undoubtedly caused much unpleasantness and serious difficulties which should not be understated and overlooked, their economic effects were not as drastic and detrimental as was at first feared by the farming community and others concerned with their well-being. In retrospect their predominant effect was the speeding up of a process of readjustment which was already taking place, for which most of the remaining farmers may well be grateful and which those more seriously affected probably now regard as an unpleasant experience which was inevitable but which came rather suddenly. There are many lessons to be learnt from the history of these schemes. In particular, the methods of assessing both the value of land acquired compulsorily for development and the amount of compensation payable for disturbance need reviewing, in order that they may be related more closely to economic and social realities.

Design Study of an Advanced Concept Simple Gas Turbine for Possible Use in Low Emission Automobiles

Abstract: United Aircraft Corporation studied the potential costs of various possible gas turbine engines which might be used to reduce automobile exhaust emissions. As part of that study, United Aircraft of Canada undertook the preliminary design and performance analysis of high-pressure-ratio nonregenerated (simple cycle) gas turbine engines. For the first time, high levels of single-stage component efficiency are available extending from a pressure ratio less than 4 up to 10 or 12 to 1. As a result, the study showed that the simple-cycle engine may provide satisfactory running costs with significantly lower manufacturing costs and NOx emissions than a regenerated engine. In this paper some features of the preliminary design of both single-shaft and a free power turbine version of this engine are examined. The major component technology assumptions, in particular the high pressure ratio centrifugal compressor, employed for performance extrapolation are explained and compared with current technology. The potential low NOx emissions of the simple-cycle gas turbine compared to regenerative or recuperative gas turbines is discussed. Finally, some of the problems which might be encountered in using this totally different power plant for the conventional automobile are identified.Copyright © 1972 by ASME

Investigation of a liquid-metal magnetohydrodynamic power system.

Abstract: Liquid-metal magnetohydrodynamic power conversion is being investigated for nuclear-electric propulsion. A liquid-metal MHD converter has no moving mechanical parts and requires a heat source temperature of only 1300 K. Cycle efficiencies of 5% to 8% for single-stage converters and 10% for multistage converters appear attainable. The specific weight of a 240 kWe MHD power plant has been estimated as 30 kg/kWe with shielding for unmanned science missions.

Electric power plant system and method for operating a steam turbine especially of the nuclear type preferably with electronic reheat control and an electronic reheater

Abstract: An electronic system is provided for operating an electric power plant of the nuclear type with an electronic steam reheating control system applied to the nuclear turbine system which operates in response to low pressure turbine temperatures. The control system is adapted to operate in a plurality of different automatic control modes to control reheating steam flow and other steam parameters, each of such modes of control permitting turbine temperature variations within predetermined constraints and according to predetermined functions of time.

Power plant cooling systems

Abstract: Types of systems now available and proposed with data required from other than engineering sources to insure compliance with environmental regulations covering both nuclear and fossil-fueled plants. Large quantities of heat for steam condensation must be dissipated to atmosphere requiring considerable quantities of water. Volume of water available, its temperature and quality, meteorological conditions, economics and environmental consequences must be considered in selection of cooling system. Once-through and closed system wet and dry cooling towers, forced and natural draft types using fresh or salt water are available. Environmental regulations require input from many nonengineering disciplines.

Computer-aided control at Pembroke power station

Abstract: The computer system at Pembroke power station provides the operating staff with a relatively compact means of monitoring all sections of the plant. With this system, they can effect the most economic method of control, and on demand can obtain the information they require on any chosen parameter for detailed monitoring