Showing papers on "Power station published in 1978"

Wind driven gas generator

Abstract: This invention provides a means to convert wind energy into electrical energy which through electrolysis forms gases to be stored under pressure, giving a form of stored energy for use at some future time by the use of a high torque, low speed vertical axis wind machine connected by direct drive to homopolar direct current generators so as to create direct current for the electrolysis of water, resulting in the breakdown of water into its basic components of hydrogen and oxygen, which are then stored under pressure until necessary for use as a source of energy.

Scheme for harnessing hydroundulatory power

Abstract: By means of Water Wave Power acting upon floats, attached to and made part of mechanical contrivances devised within the context of this invention for which the name of HYDRO-UNDULATORY POWER ARRESTERS has appropriately been chosen, water surrounding the structure is to be pumped positively or forcefully and continuously at that, to locations higher in elevation than the level of the water in the basin where the devices are installed or against a water system which comprises one or more hydro-pneumatic tanks, so that summarily the entire scheme would amount to the building up of potential hydrostatic energy at the expense of Water Wave Power, which under present circumstances is not utilized at all but simply allowed to go to waste. The release of the potential energy of the water thus built up and kept in storage in a reservoir at high elevation or within hydro-pneumatic tanks as aforementioned is an already known PRIOR ART on power generation which for obvious reasons has no place in an application for letters patent exclusively dedicated to absolutely new or novel art, and if the hydro-electric power plant which is PRIOR ART is included for electric power generation, it is so done only as an accessory function to obtain our objective of "CONVERTING WATER WAVE POWER INTO ITS MECHANICAL and ELECTRICAL COUNTERPARTS."

High efficiency wind power machine

Abstract: A high efficiency wind power machine is disclosed which is particularly well suited for large-scale, commercial conversion of wind power into electrical energy. The wind power machine of the present invention employs highly efficient wind-to-electric power conversion modules which may be interconnected to form a large-scale power converter. The individual modules employs flip-flop wind blades which travel in an oval path and are carried by traveling chains. The blades interact with the impinging wind stream at two points, thus increasing the overall efficiency of the conversion modules.

Combination chemical plant and Brayton-cycle power plant

Abstract: A chemical plant, wherein gaseous reactants are converted in an exothermic chemical reaction to a reaction product, is combined with a semi-closed Brayton-cycle power plant to utilize the heat of reaction to generate power. Specifically, in one embodiment, an ammonia synthesis plant, wherein gaseous nitrogen and hydrogen are catalytically converted to ammonia, is combined with a semi-closed Brayton-cycle power plant to utilize the heat of reaction of the ammonia synthesis reaction to generate power.

Converting solar energy into electric power

Abstract: A method for converting solar energy into electric power is disclosed, in which air, preheated and precompressed is additionally heated in a solar heater and sent to work in a turbine unit connected to an electric power generator.

Emissions of Nitrogen Dioxide from a Large Gas-Turbine Power Station

Abstract: NO2 and NO emitted by a gas-turbine power station burning natural gas have been measured as a function of operating conditions. The power station comprises three units, each rated at 50 MW full load. The NO2 measurements were obtained by three different methods. At idle (about 15 MW per unit), the oxides of nitrogen in the exhaust gas are entirely in the form of NO2 which has a concentration of 30 ppm. As the load is increased, the NO2 concentration increases to a maximum of about 50 ppm at about 30 MW per unit and then decreases to about 25 ppm at full load. The NO concentration increases from zero at idle to 110 ppm at full load.

Technology, safety and costs of decommissioning a reference pressurized water reactor power station. Volume 1. Final report Jan 1976--May 1978

Abstract: Safety and cost information was developed for the conceptual decommissioning of a large (1175 MW(e)) pressurized water reactor (PWR) power station Two approaches to decommissioning, Immediate Dismantlement and Safe Storage With Deferred Dismantlement, were studied to obtain comparisons between costs, occupational radiation doses, potential radiation doses, potential radiation dose to the public, and other safety impacts

Impacts of coal-fired power plants on fish, wildlife, and their habitats

Abstract: This report contains an assessment of the expected impacts on terrestrial and aquatic biota and their habitats which are associated with the operation of coal-fired power stations, from the point at which coal is delivered to the site through the disposal of process wastes. Emphasis is placed on discussion of impacts unique to coal combustion, although some features of gas- and oil-fired stations are also addressed. Impacts arising from thermal effluents, condenser cooling facilities, and power transmission are not discussed. Mitigative measures to reduce the magnitude of adverse environmental impacts are described, including pollution abatement devices, erosion control, proper siting and lining of ash and sludge disposal ponds, and reclamation of inactive waste disposal sites.

Fuel collecting and recycling system

Abstract: This system serves to collect and recycle fuel leftover in the fuel manifold and fuel distribution system of a gas turbine power plant when it is shutdown and operates in conjunction with the power plant's existing fuel control.

Methods and means for storing energy

Abstract: A method is disclosed for storage of energy produced at a conventional power station and release of said energy when subsequently required. The method comprises using the energy to refrigerate and liquefy atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen, storing the liquid gases at substantially below atmospheric temperature and subsequently using cold liquid gas, in combination with a source of heat at or above atmospheric temperature, to drive a closed cycle heat engine and yield mechanical energy. Auxiliary open and closed cycle heat engines are added to yield further mechanical energy and so utilize the full energy potential of the cold liquid gases.

Renewable energy sources and storage

Abstract: A FEATURE of wind, wave and solar energy sources is the unpredictable variability of the strength of the source due to the vagaries of the climate. There are two main ways of exploiting these sources. In the first a back-up supply is provided. Thus, with solar water heating, it is customary to rely on electrical immersion heaters or boilers burning gas, oil or solid fuel to supplement the solar energy input during the winter months and at other times when the insolation level is low. It is generally accepted that large wind generators would feed their electrical output into the national grid. On windy days the output would reduce the amount of electricity generated in conventional power stations, thereby saving fuel. The installation of a wind or solar power plant by itself, however, will save little, if any, conventional generating capacity, as there can be no guarantee of significant wind or solar generation at times of peak demand. The second way of exploiting renewable energy sources is to couple them with some form of storage. If the storage capacity is sufficient there is a guaranteed output from the renewable energy source plus storage system at the times when it is required. Ryle1 has suggested that a form of storage is available in connection with wind power. We analyse here the validity of this claim.

Electric power from laser fusion - The HYLIFE concept

Abstract: A high yield lithium injection fusion energy chamber is described which can conceptually be operated with pulsed yields of several thousand megajoules a few times a second, using less than one percent of the gross thermal power to circulate the lithium. Because a one meter thick blanket of lithium protects the structure, no first wall replacement is envisioned for the life of the power plant. The induced radioactivity is reduced by an order of magnitude over solid blanket concepts. The design calls for the use of common ferritic steels and a power density approaching that of a LWR, promising shortened development times over other fusion concepts and reactor vessel costs comparable to a LMFBR.

Torsional Dynamics of Closely Coupled Turbine-Generators

Abstract: This paper presents the results of studies on the torsional vibration characteristics of a group of turbine generators that are operating in parallel in a power station.

Cross-Media Environmental Impacts of Air Pollution Regulations for a Coal-Fired Power Plant

Abstract: The types and rates of pollutant emissions from a coal-fired power plant depend upon plant design, coal characteristics, and environmental control policy. In the past, air pollution regulations were often promulgated without rigorous analysis of the resulting energy penalties and secondary environmental impacts that occur in other environmental media (air, land, or water), which are counterproductive to overall environmental quality. This paper describes a Comparative Assessment Model that has been developed to consider systematically such tradeoffs for conventional and advanced coal-to-electric technologies. The model is applied to quantify the secondary (“cross-media”) environmental and resource impacts resulting from alternative air pollution control policies that reduce sulfur dioxide emissions from a 1000 MW power plant. Multimedia pollutant burdens are presented, together with the increased requirements for coal, limestone, and water that are incurred in generating a fixed net quantity of electricit...

Factors affecting the impingement of fishes on power station cooling-water intake screens

Abstract: Large numbers of fishes may be trapped on cooling-water intake screens at power stations. Massive ingress can cause operational difficulties and even temporary closure of the power station. Also, the continuous removal of a fraction of a population could affect the survival of a species in a particular locality. This paper describes the initial research into the factors which influence the catches of fishes at different sites on the British coast and summarizes briefly the behavioural mechanisms involved in their interaction with power station structures and operations.

Dynamic positioning of sea thermal power plants by jet propulsion

Abstract: A sea thermal power plant is provided with pumps of the propeller type for bringing up cold water and forcing it through suitable condensers or heat exchangers and for drawing a continuous flow of warm water from a surface layer of the sea and forcing it down through suitable heat exchangers or boilers of the plant. The water so drawn from the sea flows through the heat exchangers and is subsequently discharged therefrom, which action creates thrust thereby producing forces to move the plant over the water surface. The heat exchangers are provided with deflectors which control the direction of discharge to produce a reaction force in any desired direction to drive the power plant. The pumps have associated therewith pipes which have located therein, downstream of the pumps, bypass louvres or vanes which can be opened to discharge water directly into the sea to produce a higher thrust for moving or positioning the power plant.

Wind driven electricity generating station - has flywheel and hydraulic circuit to balance energy input with demand

Abstract: The installation has a wing driven tubine (1) with a fixed ratio gear (2) to an output shaft (93). The shaft n3) provides an input through a free wheel (4) to an overall torque gear train (5). The gear train (5) drives an electrical generator (6) and also a flywheel (7) and also has two connections to hydraulic machines (8a, 8b) which can run as pumps or motors. They transfer fluid between pressure vessel containers (9a, 9b). When the wind provides more energy than the generator requires, the excess is used to drive the machines as motors and their output speeds up the flywheel. When there is insufficient wind energy available for the generator the flywheel drives the machines as pumps and adds energy to that obtained from the wind.

Technology, safety and costs of decommissioning a reference pressurized water reactor power station. Volume 2. Appendices. Final report January 1976--May 1978

Abstract: Safety and cost information was developed for the conceptual decommissioning of a large (1175 MW(e)) pressurized water reactor (PWR) power station. Two approaches to decommissioning, Immediate Dismantlement and Safe Storage With Deferred Dismantlement, were studied to obtain comparisons between costs, occupational radiation doses, potential radiation dose to the public, and other safety impacts.

Development of small solar power plants for rural areas in india

Abstract: The development of a solar power plant of 10 KW capacity suitable for rural areas is discussed in this paper. The operating principles and the description of the various subsystems of the power plant are given. The proposed test programme and future activities are briefly discussed.

Turbine power plant

Abstract: A turbine power plant of particularly inexpensive construction and using static expansion of the combustion gas to accelerate slugs of liquid used as the motive power for a Pelton wheel. The turbine power plant comprises a fuel combustion unit producing combustion gas which serves to impart speed to slugs of an auxiliary liquid, like water, in output pipes; this auxiliary liquid acts on a Pelton wheel to produce rotary drive. A part of the auxiliary liquid is reconverted as slugs to compress the air supplied to the fuel combustion unit. The turbine power plant also includes a second Pelton wheel driving a common shaft for an air fan, and a pair of rotating nozzles arranged to produce the said slugs of auxiliary liquid. The second Pelton wheel is driven by part of the auxiliary liquid.

The energy analysis of burner reactor power systems

Abstract: Currently most commercial nuclear power stations are based on thermal reactor designs called burner reactors which are. net consumers of fissile material. These power stations form one part of a larger system that generates electricity from uraniura. However, in addition to producing energy, such systems also consume energy, in the form of various fuels, during construction and operation. This thesis describes the use of energy analysis to determine the total energy required by these systems. A number of factors are shown to influence energy consumption and, in particular, the effect of extracting uranium from different sources is studied in detail. For ores, an important inverse relationship between energy use and ore grade is investigated and quantified. The physical limit at which the energy input to the system is equal to its output is shown to correspond to an average grade of 15 parts per million of "triuranium octoxide". Analysis of proposals for extracting uranium from seawater indicates that the only schemes giving a positive energy balance are'costly ($500/lb U308) and limited to low production rates. The effects of feedback within fuel systems are analysed and. the results are used to formulate an economic model in which nuclear electricity prices determine uranium ore costs as well as vice versa. The model demonstrates-that, with present'techniques, the average 6 economic limit to ore grade is 50 ppm U308 with subsequent resources, on current assessment, of only 107 tonnes U308. This contradicts most traditional studies which, by assuming fixed, non-dependent fuel costs, suggest an ore grade limit of less than 4 ppm U308 and economically recoverable resources in excess of 1010 tonnes U308.