Showing papers on "Power station published in 1983"

Stability Simulation Of Wind Turbine Systems

Abstract: A simulation and digital computer modeling effort is described in which a wind turbine- generator system is adapted for stability evaluation using a large scale transient stability computer program. Component models of the MOD-2 wind generator system are described and their digital model equations are provided. A versatile wind velocity model is described, which provides the capability of simulating a wide variety of wind variations, in addition to the usual network disturbances. Computed results obtained from runs of the enhanced stability program are provided that illustrate the wind turbine-generator system dynamic performance for changes in wind velocity.

Dynamic Behavior of a Class of Photovoltaic Power Systems

Abstract: An important consideration in the operation of grid connected photovoltaic power systems is a means of adjusting the photovoltaic array voltage so that maximum output power is achieved for the given atmospheric conditions. The dynamic behiavior of a specific photovoltaic power system which utilizes the well known perturb and observe method of power tracking is examined. Using measured insolation data, it is demonstrated that the perturb and observe method of control migrates considerably from peak power whenever the insolation varies randomly as a result of cloud cover. An alternate method of power tracking is also examined. It is shown that the photovoltaic power system, utilizing the proposed method of power tracking, is able to track accurately peak power conditions during periods of randomly varying insolation.

Wind Energy Conversion Using A Self-Excited Induction Generator

Abstract: A wind energy conversion scheme using an induction machine driven by a variable speed wind turbine is described. Excitation control has been obtained by employing a single value capacitor and thyristor controlled inductor. Wind speed cube law is proposed to be followed in loading the induction machine for maximising energy conversion. Performance characteristics of the generation scheme have been evaluated over a wide speed range. Harmonic analysis of the proposed scheme shows that harmonic currents and their associated power loss is negligible.

Energy Conversion Systems

Abstract: Introduction to Power Generation. Fuels. Reciprocating Machines. Internal Combustion Engines. Rotating Compressors. Axial--Flow Turbines. Gas Turbine Power. Fossil Fuel--Fired Steam Power Plants. Nuclear Power Plants. Power Plants and the Environment. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Direct Energy Conversion. Nonreactive Energy Sources. Appendix. Nomenclature. Index.

Method and apparatus for total energy systems

Abstract: Combustion jet pumps ingest waste heat gases from power plant engines and boilers to boost their pressure for the ultimate low temperature utilization of the captured heat for heating homes, full-year hot houses, sterilization purposes, recreational hot water, absorption refrigeration and the like. Jet pump energy is sustained from the incineration of solids, liquids and gases and vapors or simply from burning fuels. This is the energy needed to transport the reaction products to the point of heat utilization and to optimize the heat transfer to that point. Sequent jet pumps raise and preserve energy levels. Crypto-steady and special jet pumps increase pumping efficiency. The distribution conduit accepts fluidized solids, liquids, gases and vapors in multiphase flow. Temperature modulation and flow augmentation takes place by water injection. Macro solids such as dried sewage waste are removed by cyclone separation. Micro particles remain entrained and pass out with water condensate jet beyond each point of final heat utilization to recharge the water table. The non-condensible gases separated at this point are treated for pollution control. Further, jet pump reactions are controlled to yield fuel gas as necessary to power jet pumps or other use. In all these effects introduced sequentially, the available energy necessary to provide the flow energy, for the continuously distributed heating medium, is first extracted from fuel and fuel-like additions to the stream. As all energy, any way, finally converts to heat, which in this case is retained or recaptured in the flow, the captured heat is practically 90% available at the point of low temperature utilization. The jet pump for coal gasification is also disclosed as are examples of coal gasification and hydrogen production.

Modular power plant for the combined production of electrical and thermal energy and installation comprising a plurality of modular power plants

Abstract: A modular power plant comprises an internal combustion engine coupled to an electrical machine. The electrical machine may be used to start the engine and to generate electrical energy. The power plant is provided with an electronic control and protection system comprising an electronic processing and control unit arranged to operate in a first mode when the power plant is used alone, and in a second mode when the power plant is used together in a coordinated manner in an installation comprising a further n power plants. In this second mode of operation the processing and control unit may act as a master unit for controlling and coordinating the operation of the processing and control units of the other n power plants in a predetermined manner, or as a slave unit controlled by another control and processing unit of one of the other n power plants. Means are provided for assigning the roll of master unit to one of the control and processing units of the n+1 power plants.

Operations Requirements of Utilites With Wind Power Generation

Abstract: A computational method and the necessary wind speed data are presented in this paper for quantifying in a probabilistic framework the load- following, operating-reserve and unloadable-generation requirements for a utility with one or more spatially dispersed wind turbine clusters. Results of this method are valid for random atmospheric conditions, excluding significant atmospheric events such as storm fronts. An example illustrating the proposed method is included.

Vertical-axis wind turbine development in Canada

Abstract: Recent Canadian progress in the development of the curved-blade Darrieus vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) is described. Co-operation between government, industry and power utilities in the conduct of field trials, over several years, has demonstrated inproved performance and reliability of grid-coupled turbines of this type. The rated power of the VAWTs currently under test ranges from 30kW, in a wind/diesel powerplant, to 230 kW, in an installation on an island in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Progress has also been made in understaning the basic aerodynamic behaviour of the VAWT and theoretical methods for performance and load prediction have correspondingly improved. A brief description is given of `Project EOLE', a co-operative project between the federal government and the utility Hydro-Quebec to develop and test, during the next two to three years, a 4 MW VAWT prototype, which will be coupled to the power grid at a location on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River.

Load Following Impacts of a Large Wind Farm on an Imterconnected Electric Utility System

Abstract: A major issue encountered in the use of many of the renewable energy resources for the production of electric power is the variability of the resource itself. This paper presents the results of a dynamic simulation of the long term power system responses to changes in the load and generation patterns resulting from significant penetrations of renewable resource technologies. The renewable technology selected for this study is a large wind farm with a total output of 500 MW added to the 1979 generation base of the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power system.

Aerodynamic platform comparison for jet-stream electricity generation

Abstract: Wind-tunnel experiments to determine lift and power extraction capability and an economic analysis to determine the cost of electricity generation have been undertaken for four aerodynamic platform configurations: integrated diffuser augmented wind turbine (IDAWT), separated diffuser augmented wind turbine (SDAWT), separated unshrouded wind turbine (SUWT), and rotary-wing concept (RWC). For each configuration the capital and operating costs of a 22-MW jet-stream power station based on ten minimum-cost aerodynamic platforms and related ground equipment have been calculated. The IDAWT anrf SDAWT configurations would produce electricity at a capital cost of about $(Australian) 650/kW [in Feb. 1981 $(Australian)l = $(U.S.)1.15, approximately—all currency is in Australian dollars unless otherwise noted] and an operating cost of under 5C/kWh; potential improvements in diffuser performance could reduce these costs below $550/kW and 4C/kWh, respectively. The SUWT configuration would produce electricity at a capital cost of about $700/kW and an operating cost of about 5.4C/kWh, but with little prospect of further reduction. The RWC would produce electricity at a capital cost of about $800/kW and an operating cost of about 16C/kWh. The high operating cost makes the RWC unsuited to the task of generating electricity from jet-stream winds. Nomenclature A e = diffuser exit area A T = diffuser area at the turbine station CL = lift coefficient Cp = power coefficient = Pi 1/2pu30A T C*4 = pressure coefficient at diffuser exit plane D = total drag on the platform de = diffuser exit diameter k = loss parameter, Eq. (1) £ = total length of diffuser augmented wind turbine Pi = probability that the wind speed lies in the /th speed band PDi = average power density associated with the /th speed band

Watts from Waste Heat-Induction Generators for the Process Industries

Abstract: As industry looks harder at energy conservation, more users of process steam are rediscovering the benefits of induction generators to produce "free" electric power from process energy that would otherwise be wasted. A typical 450-kW turbine-generator set can pay for itself within 11/2 years, while reducing a plant's total electrical demand from the utility by 15 percent. Load is regulated simply by varying prime mover speed; voltage and frequency are controlled entirely by the connected utility system. The operating principles, control requirements, and performance features of induction generators in cogeneration/waste heat applications are outlined. An example from a manufacturing industry will illustrate the economic advantages.

Apparatus and methods of cooling and condensing exhaust steam from a power plant

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of cooling and condensing exhaust steam from a power plant which rejects heat to air and uses a peak shaving water based cooling system to supplement a primary cooling system. During regeneration of the cooling water, which is heated during peak shaving, the hot water is fed directly to the boiler.

Twenty-five years of operating experience with the coal-fired, closed-cycle gas turbine cogeneration plant at coburg

Abstract: The only commercially running closed-cycle gas turbine in the world delivering electricity as well as heat to a public utility and a heating network, is the heat and power station in Coburg, West Germany. The plant is fired exclusively with pulverized coal and uses air as the working medium. It has a maximum continuous electric power output of 6.6 MW into the grid and up to 16 MW of direct heating capacity into the town's heating network. The plant has accumulated 150,000 operating hours to date (approximately 7000 hrs per year); it is scheduled to remain in service during the following years due to its excellent performance. Since relatively little has been published about the plant in the technical literature, a report about its design and operating experience is presented here.

Power management process

Abstract: A power management system is disclosed for an advanced helicoptor having h lift and thrust propulsion units and at least one power plant which comprises, a signal generator for generating a first signal which is proportional to the power available from the power plant, a power use gage connected to the lift propulsion unit which has an output that varies according to the amount of power used by that propulsion unit and a circuit which is connected to the power use gage and which receives the first signal for generating a second signal which is proportional to the amount of power remaining. The circuit is either used to power an indicator which indicates to the pilot the amount of power remaining for the thrust propulsion unit, or can be connected directly to a limit actuator for limiting the amount of power the pilot can apply to the thrust propulsion unit.

Technical overview of the French program

Abstract: Launched in 1972, the objective of the program is the development of cryoalternators adapted to the electrical systems for the end of the twentieth century. The principal criteria retained for utilizer overall cost optimization are availability, efficiency and construction costs. The cryogenic design has been validated by the construction and testing of a rotor model (diameter 1.06 m; 12 t of which 4t at 5 K, 5000 A, 3000 rpm). Electricite de France and Alsthom Atlantique are considering the costs and means for the industrial putting into operation of 250 MW cryoalternator in an existing coal-fired power plant.

Impact Assessment of Wind Generation on the Operations of a Power System

Abstract: The impact of intermittent wind generation on the operations of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) power system is investigated. The operations of the TVA power system are outlined, and the hypothetical reconfiguration of the TVA transmission system to accommodate wind generation is described. Simulations and analyses of wind generation impacts on unit commitment, unit predispatch, and automatic control of generation are also presented.

Floating power generator for capturing the energy present in flowing waters

Abstract: The invention represents a machine for generating hydroelectric power and, with the least possible expenditure, captures the energy inherent in the water stream in flowing waters, at tops of weirs, inflows to power stations, outflows from turbines and places of high water acceleration. According to the prior art, turbines or water wheels with downstream generators are used as hydroelectric power plants. Designs which have become known, endless circulating belts fitted with blades, have remained virtually insignificant. All known devices can only be used at permanent locations. Therefore, until now it has not been possible to convert water power into electricity at any suitable locations or times by means of a movable and easily transportable device. This is to be remedied by a power generator of small dimensions and low weight which is very simple to install and handle. A generator (7 + 8) is housed in a rotating hollow cylinder (1) which is fitted with blades (2), is closed on all sides and is able to float. The device is arrested and the power is led to the outside through holding tubes (13). Consequently, an ideal power source is provided for individual farms, shelters, expeditions and relief operations.

Conceptual Design Of A 50 Mw Central Station Photovoltaic Power Plant

Abstract: The application of photovoltaics (PV) for utility power plants has received considerable attention in the past few years. Numerous investigations have reported on effects of design parameters, installation costs and performance of power plants based on crystalline silicon PV technology. This paper presents a conceptual design of 50 MW PV power plant based on the technology of thin film amorphous silicon (A-Si) panels. The design is for a location in central New Jersey; the performance evaluation is based on actual insolation data. The design criterion minimizes the installed plant cost per annual kilowatt-hour of energy generated. The cost performance is compared to a value analysis made on this design in conjunction with the Public Service Electric and Gas Company (PSE&G).

Guidelines for Enhancing Power Plant Response to Partial Load Rejections

Abstract: The purpose of these guidelines is to provide assistance to electric utilities in enhancing the capability of fossil fueled power plants, especially new power plants, to successfully withstand partial load rejections. For a power plant, a partial load rejection is a large sudden decrease in load during which the main generator breaker remains closed and the generator remains connected to the remaining reduced load.

System and a method to visually simulate subsystems in a fossil fuel power plant simulator

Abstract: A simulation system for a fossil fuel power plant simulator. The simulation system includes first, second, and third displaying means for respectively displaying selected simulated flame characteristics within the furnace, emission density images from the smokestack, and water/steam levels as indicated by a steam drum level indicator of the power plant. A computer correlates the images displayed on the first, second, and third displaying means such that a change in the operating level of the power plant causes corresponding changes in the simulated flame characteristics, emission density images, and water/steam level.