Showing papers on "Power station published in 1984"

Solar Chimneys: Part II: Preliminary Test Results from the Manzanares Pilot Plant

Abstract: The design and construction of the solar chimney pilot plant in Manzanares, and the investigations described below, were commissioned by the Minister of Research and Technology of the Federal Republic of Germany. The work was supervised by the energy research project management department of Kernforschungsanlage Julich GmbH (The Julich Nuclear Research Establishment). The present paper communicates preliminary test results from the solar chimney pilot plant described in (1). This, the first solar chimney power plant in the world, was commissioned on 7 June 1982 and has been in continuous operation since then. Individual energy balances, collector efficiency values, pressure losses due to friction and losses in the turbine section are discussed with reference to 24-hour records. The findings agree well with results obtained hitherto in model calculations.

Medium-load power-generating plant with integrated coal gasification plant

Abstract: Medium-load power generating plant with an integrated coal gasification plant, with a gas-turbine power generating plant part connected to the coal gasification plant, with a steam generating plant part connected to the raw-gas heat exchanger installation of the coal gasification plant, and with a methanol synthesis plant. The methanol synthesis plant has parallel-connected modules and is connected to the gas-turbine power generating plant part via a central purified gas distribution system which includes a purified gas continuous-flow interim storage plant connected parallel to the pure gas supply line and is connected on the gas side to the raw-gas heat exchanger installation.

Estimating convective energy losses from solar central receivers

Abstract: This report outlines a method for estimating the total convective energy loss from a receiver of a solar central receiver power plant. Two types of receivers are considered in detail: a cylindrical, external-type receiver and a cavity-type receiver. The method is intended to provide the designer with a tool for estimating the total convective energy loss that is based on current knowledge of convective heat transfer from receivers to the environment and that is adaptable to new information as it becomes available. The current knowledge consists of information from two recent large-scale experiments, as well as information already in the literature. Also outlined is a method for estimating the uncertainty in the convective loss estimates. Sample estimations of the total convective energy loss and the uncertainties in those convective energy loss estimates for the external receiver of the 10 MWe Solar Thermal Central Receiver Plant (Barstow, California) and the cavity receiver of the International Energy Agency Small Solar Power Systems Project (Almeria, Spain) are included in the appendices.

Application of Partial Discharge Testing to Hydro Generator Maintenance

Abstract: An improved partial discharge test to ascertain hydraulic generator winding condition, has been in use for the last 7 years. The test, which can be done by generating station staff without disrupting operation, has been applied to about 140 machines in eight North American utilities. Partial discharge testing is one of the main reasons Ontario Hydro has an exceptionally low winding replacement/major repair rate. Examples of results culled from thousands of tests are presented.. The use of the partial discharge test for planning winding maintenanGe and gauging the effectiveness of repairs is discussed.

Reliability Modeling of Large Wind Farms and Associateed Electric Utility Interface Systems

Abstract: This paper is concerned with modeling the reliability characteristics in both probability and frequency of large electric utility application wind turbine generators together with their associated utility interface equipment. A computationally efficient algorithm is developed and applied to a wind farm with a special AC/DC/AC interface currently under design. The effects of various wind turbine/interface system component forced outage rates on the expected annual energy output of the farm is examined.

Controls for Variable Pitch Wind Turbine Generators

Abstract: This paper analyzes the control requirements of wind turbine generators connected to electric power systems. The requirements are based on stand-alone as well as interconnected operation. Control systems are developed for wind turbines with synchronous, induction, and doubly-fed generators. Results of detailed, non-linear time response simulation are presented.

Corrosion in power generating equipment

Abstract: This book reviews the causes of corrosion-related events responsible for a significant loss of power plant availability. Problems that occur in the steam generating, geothermal, and nuclear components of power generating systems are discussed. Topics considered include the fundamental aspects of localized environmentally induced attack (e.g. pitting and crevice corrosion, stress corrosion cracking of low strength steels, corrosion fatigue), corrosion in power generating components (steam generating systems, reactor coolant piping, steam turbines, geothermal turbines, condensers and other heat exchangers, generator rotor retaining rings), and ways to achieve high reliability (lifetime prediction for parts in corrosive environments, design criteria for corrosive environments and implications for maintenance). This volume constitutes the proceedings of a symposium held in Switzerland in 1983.

Cascaded power plant using low and medium temperature source fluid

Abstract: A plurality of independent, closed Rankine cycle power plants, each of which has a vaporizer, is operated by serially applying a medium or low temperature source fluid to the vaporizers of the power plants for producing heat depleted source fluid. A preheater is provided for each vaporizer; and said heat depleted source fluid is applied to all of the preheaters in parallel. The heat depleted source fluid thus serves to heat the operating fluid to the evaporization temperature, while the source fluid applied to the vaporizers supplies the latent heat of vaporization to the operating fluid of the power plant. The present invention is advantageous, as compared to a conventional cascaded power plant of the type described, because the temperature drop of the source fluid can be increased without reducing the efficiency. Alternatively, the temperature drop can be maintained but the efficiency can be increased. In either case, the power produced by the power plant according to the present invention is increased.

Control system for run-of-river hydroelectric plant

Abstract: A control system for a hydroelectric power plant of the run-of-river type wherein the load on the turbine-generator units is matched to the flow of the river so that the units operate at the maximum head available for existing flow conditions to produce the maximum energy available from the river flow for the installed capacity of the plant and within the allowable, safe operating capability range of the turbine-generator units. Reservoir water level sensors provide a signals indicative of changing water level, sensors for generator electrical and thermal operating characteristics provide a signals related thereto, and a control connected to the water level sensors, to the generator sensors and to the turbine governor adjusts the turbine flow control devices to change the turbine power in response to changing river level within the safe and allowable operating range of the generator. Adjusting the turbine power to match the water available either when the reservoir level increases or decreases maintains maximum head for the power plant to obtain maximum energy therefrom. A tailwater level sensor and cavitation control also control the turbine flow control devices in an appropriate manner when a condition of cavitation is being approached. The control system typically is employed with a plurality of turbine-generator units in a hydroelectric power plant.

Power generating station with an integrated coal gasification plant

Abstract: Power generating station with an integrated coal gasification plant, with an air separation plant, a coal gasifier and a heat exchanger and dust removal plant connected to the coal gasifier, as well as with a gas turbine and steam power generating part connected to the heat exchanger and dust removal plant part. An ammonia synthesis plant is connected to the coal gasification plant with the interposition of a gas purification plant and a gas decomposition plant. Part of the exhaust gas produced in the ammonia synthesis can be fed as so-called purge gas to the combustion chamber of the gas turbine together with the gases separated in the gas purification plant and in the gas separation plant, and part of the dust-free raw gas of the coal gasifier.

Geothermal power plant and method for operating the same

Abstract: A geothermal power plant for operating on geothermal fluid includes an open cycle power plant responsive to the geothermal fluid for producing power and producing heat depleted geothermal fluid. Associated with the open cycle power plant is a closed Rankine cycle organic fluid power plant for producing power. Heat from the geothermal fluid is transferred to the closed cycle power plant; and heat depleted geothermal fluid is injected into a rejection well. The open cycle power plant includes a condenser that operates at a pressure greater than or equal to about atmospheric pressure with the result that the condenser is directly vented to the rejection well. Uncondensible gases contained in the geothermal fluid are thus passed directly into the rejection well making the power plant environmentally acceptable. The operation of the condenser at a pressure greater to or equal to atmospheric pressure eliminates the need for a vacuum pump and thus increases the useful work produced by the hybrid power plant so constructed, and simplifies its design and operation. The same approach is applicable to elimination of noncondensible gases in steam produced in industrial processes rather than from a geothermal well.

10-MWe Solar Thermal Central Receiver Pilot Plant

Abstract: The Solar One Project is the world's largest solar electric generating station. This pilot-scale research and development experiment is a cooperative effort of government and private industry to demonstrate technical feasibility, economic potential, and environmental acceptability of the solar thermal central receiver concept. The project, which is formally known as the 10-MW Solar Thermal Central Receiver Pilot Plant, has been constructed in the Mojave Desert on 130 acres of Southern California Edison Company's Cool Water Generating Station near Barstow, California, and will supply 10 MW of electrical power to the Edison grid. Solar One is a joint project of the Department of Energy (DOE), Southern California Edison (SCE), the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP), and the California Energy Commission. The solar portion of the facility was designed and constructed under the direction of the DOE, and the turbine-generator facilities, including the control building, were designed and constructed by SCE. This paper presents an overview of the project, discusses the costs and schedule, highlights the planned test program including operation and maintenance, and briefly discusses the experiences through October 1982.

Power Plant Performance

Abstract: Power plant performance , Power plant performance , کتابخانه دیجیتالی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات درمانی شهید بهشتی

Simulation and Assessment of Wind Array Power Variations Based on Simultaneous Wind Speed Measurements

Abstract: A wind model for relating wind speeds based on simultaneous wind speed measurements at several sites is developed for both meteorological events and turbulence wind conditions. The wind model is used to perform an analysis and simulation of wind power variations from single and multiple wind turbine arrays for meteorological events and turbulence. The results indicate that serious reduction in operating reliability and economy can occur for meteorological event induced wind power variations when total wind power generation capacity exceeds spinning reserve levels on a utility. The effects of turbulence induced variations are shown to be small for 5% wind penetration on a large utility but quite serious for the same penetration level on a small utility.

Method of controlling operation of thermoelectric power station

Abstract: A method of controlling the operation of a thermoelectric power generating plant, in which the operation of the steam generating equipment (40) and the turbine (50) is controlled in accordance with the plant operation parameters obtained from given patterns of start up and operation of the plant. The method comprises: temporarily setting, in accordance with the above-mentioned patterns, the plant operation parameters concerning the rates of change of the state of the plant such as the rates of turbine acceleration and turbine load and rates of increase of the main steam temperature and pressure; estimating the change of the quantity of the state of the main steam at a designated future moment; estimating the thermal stresses in respective stress-evaluation portions of the boiler (40) and turbine (50); comparing the estimated thermal stresses with respective allowable thermal stresses determined so as to correspond to the consumption of the lifetime allowed for each start up and operation cycle of the plant; selecting this one of the estimated thermal stress values which has the smaller margin to the allowable thermal stress value and obtaining the operation parameter which provides the maximum rate of change of the state of the plant; repeating these steps until the command state is attained; and controlling the boiler (40) and the turbine (50) in accordance with the thus obtained plant operation parameters.

Electrical energy from the wind

Abstract: A development status and economic feasibility assessment is made for wind turbine electrical energy generation It is noted that the benefits of such alternative power sources as the wind are reduced with increasing market penetration, suggesting that only modest penetrations (of 5-15 percent of total load) may be initially possible There is, unfortunately, little correlation between the timing of strong winds and peak loads Neverthless, blade aerodynamics and structures advancements have significantly improved wind turbine electrical generation economics by lowering minimum operating wind speeds and increasing service life, respectively Attention is given to wind energy fluxes over the US, and the relative performance of NASA-sponsored wind turbine types 12 references

Wind Turbine Cluster Model

Abstract: An aggregate model for a cluster of identical, horizontal-axis wind turbines with induction generators is presented in this paper. In a transient stability program, this aggregate model is capable of simulating the effects of: (1) wind turbulence and tower shadow, and (2) external network disturbances such as faults and line switching. An example illustrating the cluster model is given.

Handbook of Mechanical Engineering Calculations

Abstract: Part I Power generation: modern power plant cycles and equipment cycle analyses condensing systems and auxiliaries - combustion steam generating equipment and auxiliaries feedwater heating methods. Part II Plant and facilities: engineering pumps and pumping systems pump operating modes and criticality pump affinity laws operating speed heat piping and fluid flow air and gas compressors and vacuum systems materials handling heat transfer and heat exchangers refrigeration. Part III Environmental control: wastewater treatment and control community water supply and stormwater system design building plumbing and drainage system design heating, ventilation and air conditioning solar energy section energy conversation. Part IV Design engineering: machine design and analysis metalworking shafts, flywheels and pulleys gear design and application coupling, clutches and speed controls spring selection and analysis mechanical brake choice and use design guidelines for safety and longevity bolted-joint design hydraulic pneumatic systems design metalworking.

Power management system

Abstract: A power management system is disclosed for an advanced helicopter having both lift and thrust propulsion units and at least one power plant which comprises, a signal generator for generating a first signal which is proportional to the power available from the power plant, a circuit connected to the lift propulsion unit which has an output that varies according to the amount of power used by that propulsion unit and which receives the first signal for generating a second signal which is proportional to the amount of power remaining The circuit is either used to power a limit actuator for limiting the amount of power the pilot can apply to the thrust propulsion unit or drive an indicator which indicates to the pilot the amount of power remaining for the thrust propulsion unit, or perform both functions

Movable power station utilizing existing tanker

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain an auxiliary power generating unit which is used at the time of a periodic inspection of a power plant in a seaside district, at a low cost utilizing an existing tanker by connecting said generating unit to the prime mover of said existing tanker via a reduction gear, etc. and providing an equipment for transmitting power to the ground part. CONSTITUTION: A power generating unit 9 is connected to the prime mover 1A of an existing tanker, on the other side of a propeller shaft 3, via a coupling 7, reduction gear 8, etc. A power transmission equipment 12 to the ground part is provided on a deck. A coupling 5 is connected, a coupling 7 is disconnected, and a propeller 4 is driven to navigate up to a certain place. Then, the coupling 5 is disconnected, and the coupling 7 is connected to generate power, thereby, obtaining an auxiliary power generating unit at the time of periodic inspection of a power plant in a seaside district. Particularly, the unit can be manufactured at a low cost by the reuse of a surplus tanker. COPYRIGHT: (C)1986,JPO&Japio

Air motor drive for fuel cell power plant air circulator

Abstract: Disclosed is an air motor/fan circulator system for circulating air around a fuel cell power plant circuit. The system requires no steam, gas, or electrical penetrations into the fuel cell power plant circuit and further meets the requirements of being able to circulate in excess of one million pounds-mass per hour around the circuit through a pressure difference of about one pound per square inch. The system is suitable for use under fuel cell power plant conditions: a system pressure of several atmospheres and a system temperature of several hundred degrees.

Floating solar pond and associated power plant

Abstract: A floating solar pond includes a reservoir of an aqueous solution having a predetermined density, and structure for enclosing a body of solution and segregating it from the reservoir. The enclosed solution has an average density less than the density of the solution in the reservoir thereby causing the surface of the enclosed solution to be higher than the surface of the reservoir whereby a normal pressure is exerted on the hull in a direction outwardly therefrom and the hull is under tensile stress. Preferably, the hull is asixymmetrical and a co-axial pile, anchored to the bottom of the reservoir, constrains the hull by means of radially extending members connecting the pile to the hull. The pile is hollow and contains conduits through which heated brine passes to a power plant built on the pile.

Cost and performance for commercial applications of Texaco-based gasification-combined-cycle plants. Volume 2. Design details. Final report

Abstract: This report presents the results of a study conducted by Fluor Engineers, Inc. for EPRI to develop a current estimate of the performance and cost of a mature, Texaco-based integrated coal gasification-combined-cycle (IGCC) power plant. Both Texaco, Inc. and the General Electric Company were major participants during the entire course of the effort. Consequently, all designs presented in this study use the most recent data available from Texaco's ongoing international coal gasification development program and General Electric's continuing gas turbine development efforts. Three basic IGCC plant configurations were studied. The major difference in these configurations is the level of heat recovery from the gas immediately downstream of the gasifier. A major conclusion of this comprehensive study is that Texaco-based IGCC power plants have the potential to be 10% more efficient than conventional subcritical coal-fired steam plants designed to comply with current federal environmental regulations when firing Illinois No. 6 coal. Furthermore, the IGCC systems have the potential to be capital cost competitive with conventional coal-fired steam plants while providing up to 15% reductions in levelized costs of electricity as well as substantial reductions in both SO/sub x/ and NO/sub x/ emissions. The report has been prepared in two volumes. Volumemore » 1 provides an overall summary and discussion of the major results. Volume 2 includes the design, performance, cost, and other backup details that were used in arriving at the results and conclusions presented in Volume 1.« less

Energy policy and land use planning

Abstract: This book examines the relationship between energy and land-use planning. Topics considered include planning for coal, North Sea oil, planning for gas, power station developments, energy projects, renewable energy sources, energy demand, and radioactive waste management.