Power-system protection

About: Power-system protection is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6353 publications have been published within this topic receiving 117961 citations.

A Comprehensive Review of Catastrophic Faults in PV Arrays: Types, Detection, and Mitigation Techniques

Abstract: Three major catastrophic failures in photovoltaic (PV) arrays are ground faults, line-to-line faults, and arc faults. Although there have not been many such failures, recent fire events on April 5, 2009, in Bakersfield, CA, USA, and on April 16, 2011, in Mount Holly, NC, USA, suggest the need for improvements in present fault detection and mitigation techniques, as well as amendments to existing codes and standards to avoid such accidents. This review investigates the effect of faults on the operation of PV arrays and identifies limitations to existing detection and mitigation methods. A survey of state-of-the-art fault detection and mitigation technologies and commercially available products is also presented.

A Survey of Methods for Detection of Stator-Related Faults in Induction Machines

Abstract: As evidenced by industrial surveys, stator-related failures account for a large percentage of faults in induction machines. The objective of this paper is to provide a survey of existing techniques for detection of stator-related faults, which include stator winding turn faults, stator core faults, temperature monitoring and thermal protection, and stator winding insulation testing. The root causes of fault inception, available techniques for detection, and recommendations for further research are presented. Although the primary focus is online and sensorless methods that use machine voltages and currents to extract fault signatures, offline techniques such as partial discharge detection are also examined. Condition monitoring, fault diagnostics, insulation testing, interlaminar core faults, partial discharge (PD), temperature monitoring, turn faults.

Splitting strategies for islanding operation of large-scale power systems using OBDD-based methods

Abstract: System splitting problem (SS problem) is to determine proper splitting points (or called splitting strategies) to split the entire interconnected transmission network into islands ensuring generation/load balance and satisfaction of transmission capacity constraints when islanding operation of a system is unavoidable. For a large-scale power system, its SS problem is very complicated in general because a combinatorial explosion of strategy space happens. This paper mainly studies how to find proper splitting strategies of large-scale power systems using an ordered binary decision diagrams (OBDD)-based three-phase method. Then, a time-based layered structure of the problem solving process is introduced to make this method more practical. Simulation results on IEEE 30- and 118-bus networks show that by this method, proper splitting strategies can be given quickly. Further analyses indicate that this method is effective for larger-scale power systems.

Fault Classification and Section Identification of an Advanced Series-Compensated Transmission Line Using Support Vector Machine

Abstract: Distance protection of flexible ac transmission lines, including the thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC), static synchronous compensator, and static var compensator has been a very challenging task. This paper presents a new approach for the protection of TCSC line using a support vector machine (SVM). The proposed method uses postfault current samples for half cycle (ten samples) from the inception of the fault and firing angle as inputs to the SVM. Three SVMs are trained to provide fault classification, ground detection, and section identification, respectively, for the line using TCSC. The SVMs are trained with polynomial kernel and Gaussian kernel with different parameter values to get the most optimized classifier. The proposed method converges very fast with fewer numbers of training samples compared to neural-network and neuro-fuzzy systems which indicates fastness and accuracy of the proposed method for protection of the transmission line with TCSC

Wavelet-based protection strategy for DC faults in multi-terminal VSC HVDC systems

Abstract: A new protection algorithm for DC line faults in multi-terminal high voltage DC (MTDC) systems is proposed in this study A four-terminal MTDC model is used to investigate fault behaviour and detection using the simulation program PSCAD/EMTDC The simulation results are post-processed using Matlab The fault clearing must be done very rapidly, to limit the effect of the fault on neighbouring DC lines because of the rapid increase in DC current However, before clearing the line, the fault location must be detected as soon as possible A rapid fault location detection algorithm is therefore needed, preferably without communication The protection algorithm proposed in this study uses wavelet analysis to detect the fault location based on local measurements The protection algorithm consists of three independent fault criteria, of which two use wavelet analysis The third criterion is based on a detection method in the time domain The latter is an additional detection method independent of wavelet analysis Using a two out of three selection criteria results in an increased reliability of the whole protection algorithm The final objective is to implement a protection algorithm which allows to detect a DC fault within 1 ms without using communication between the participating converter stations