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Precipitation

About: Precipitation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 32861 publications have been published within this topic receiving 990496 citations. The topic is also known as: rain & rainfall.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the estimated response of daily air pollutant concentrations in Melbourne, Australia to local-scale meteorology using generalized additive models (GAMs) and find that the aggregate impact of meteorological variables in the models explained 26.3% of the variance in O3, 21.1% in PM10, and 26.7% in NO2.

234 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Realistic assessment of risks urgently requires improved monitoring of precipitation, better regional precipitation models and more research on the effects of changes in precipitation on montane distributions.
Abstract: Mountains are centres of global biodiversity, endemism and threatened species. Elevational gradients present opportunities for species currently living near their upper thermal limits to track cooler temperatures upslope in warming climates, but only if changes in precipitation are sufficiently in step with temperature. We model local population extirpation risk for a range of temperature and precipitation scenarios over the next 100 years for 16 848 vertebrate species populations distributed along 156 elevational gradients. Average population extirpation risks due to warming alone were < 5%, but increased 10-fold, on average, when changes in precipitation were also considered. Under the driest scenarios (minimum predicted precipitation), local extirpation risks increased sharply (50‐60%) and were especially worrisome for hydrophilic amphibians and montane Latin America (c. 80%). Realistic assessment of risks urgently requires improved monitoring of precipitation, better regional precipitation models and more research on the effects of changes in precipitation on montane distributions.

234 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared precipitation derived from the precipitation radar (PR) and the microwave imager instruments on board the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite.
Abstract: Raingauge data from the 1999 monsoon were compared with precipitation derived from the precipitation radar (PR) and the microwave imager instruments on board the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. The raingauges are part of a new hydrometeorological network installed in the Marsyandi river basin, which extends from the edge of the Tibetan Plateau to the Gangetic basin. TRMM-derived precipitation showed better detection of rain at low altitude stations as compared with high elevation stations, with good scores for the PR product for rain rates >0.5 mm/hr. The 3D PR rain rates suggest strong interaction between mesoscale convective systems and steep terrain at elevations of 1–2 km, which is consistent with the very high rainfall measured at those locations. Analysis of the raingauge data shows that even at altitudes as high as 4,000 m the cumulative monsoon rainfall is comparable to the highest amount recorded in the Indian subcontinent.

234 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined changes in global monsoon precipitation over land reveals an overall weakening over the recent half-century (1950-2000), which is deducible from the atmosphere's response to the observed SST variations.
Abstract: Previous examination of changes in global monsoon precipitation over land reveals an overall weakening over the recent half-century (1950–2000). The present study suggests that this significant change in global land monsoon precipitation is deducible from the atmosphere’s response to the observed SST variations. When forced by historical sea surface temperatures covering the same period, the ensemble simulation with the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model, version 2 (CAM2) model successfully reproduced the weakening tendency of global land monsoon precipitation. This decreasing tendency was mainly caused by the warming trend over the central-eastern Pacific and the western tropical Indian Ocean. At the interannual time scale, the global land monsoon precipitation is closely correlated with ENSO. The simulated interannual variation of the global land monsoon index matches well with the observation, indicating that most monsoon precipitation variations arise from the ocean forcing. There are uncertaint...

234 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reconstructed annual precipitation for the last 2,500 years in northeastern Qinghai from living and archaeological juniper trees, and found that a dominant feature of the precipitation of this area is a high degree of variability in mean rainfall at annual, decadal, and centennial scales, with many wet and dry periods that are corroborated by other paleoclimatic indicators.
Abstract: Annual precipitation for the last 2,500 years was reconstructed for northeastern Qinghai from living and archaeological juniper trees. A dominant feature of the precipitation of this area is a high degree of variability in mean rainfall at annual, decadal, and centennial scales, with many wet and dry periods that are corroborated by other paleoclimatic indicators. Reconstructed values of annual precipitation vary mostly from 100 to 300 mm and thus are no different from the modern instrumental record in Dulan. However, relatively dry years with below-average precipitation occurred more frequently in the past than in the present. Periods of relatively dry years occurred during 74–25 BC, AD 51–375, 426–500, 526–575, 626–700, 1100–1225, 1251–1325, 1451–1525, 1651–1750 and 1801–1825. Periods with a relatively wet climate occurred during AD 376–425, 576–625, 951–1050, 1351–1375, 1551–1600 and the present. This variability is probably related to latitudinal positions of winter frontal storms. Another key feature of precipitation in this area is an apparently direct relationship between interannual variability in rainfall with temperature, whereby increased warming in the future might lead to increased flooding and droughts. Such increased climatic variability might then impact human societies of the area, much as the climate has done for the past 2,500 years.

234 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20237,839
202214,365
20212,302
20201,964
20191,942
20181,773