scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Precipitation

About: Precipitation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 32861 publications have been published within this topic receiving 990496 citations. The topic is also known as: rain & rainfall.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the gridded observations and simulations from the Coupled model intercomparison project 5 (CMIP5) and Climate of 20th century plus (C20C+) detection and attribution (D&A) project to show that the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events have increased in India during the last few decades.
Abstract: India has witnessed some of the most devastating extreme precipitation events, which have affected urban transportation, agriculture, and infrastructure. Despite the profound implications and damage due to extreme precipitation events, the influence of anthropogenic warming on the intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation events over India remains poorly constrained. Here using the gridded observations and simulations from the Coupled model intercomparison project 5 (CMIP5) and Climate of 20th century plus (C20C+) detection and attribution (D&A) project, we show that the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events have increased in India during the last few decades. Along with the extreme precipitation, dew point temperature has also increased during 1979–2015. The scaling relationship between extreme precipitation and dew point temperature shows a super (more than 7% increase per unit rise in dew point temperature) Clausius-Clapeyron (C-C) relationship for the majority of south India. Moreover, southern and central India show a higher (10%/°C) scaling relationship than north India (3.5%/°C). Our analysis using the Hist (historic) and HistNat (historic natural) simulations from the CMIP5 and C20C+ projects confirms an increase in the frequency of extreme precipitation events under the anthropogenic warming. Moreover, we show that 1–5 day precipitation maxima at 5–500 year return period increases (10–30%) under the anthropogenic warming. The frequency of precipitation extremes is projected to rise more prominently in southern and central India in the mid and end of the 21st century under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. Our results show a significant contribution of anthropogenic warming in the rise of the frequency of extreme precipitation, which has implications for infrastructure, agriculture, and water resources in India.

233 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of precipitation data as input for conceptual hydrologic models has enhanced the need for measurements more representative of ‘true’ precipitation, and a brief review is made of past results from studies concerned with these deficiencies.
Abstract: The use of precipitation data as input for conceptual hydrologic models has enhanced the need for measurements more representative of ‘true’ precipitation. Precipitation input to continuous watershed models is generally some form of mean basin precipitation estimate based on point measurements. Each point measurement can have large catch deficiencies due to wind, especially for solid precipitation. A brief review is made of past results from studies concerned with these deficiencies. New curves based on current studies are presented for wind-caused gage catch deficiencies for both rain and snow. The results of using gage catch correction factors to adjust precipitation input to a conceptual hydrologic model are presented.

233 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used time-integrated normalized difference vegetation index (TI NDVI) derived from the multitemporal satellite imagery (1989-1993) as a surrogate for primary production to investigate climate impacts on grassland performance for central and northern Great Plains grasslands.

232 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, two standard tropical rain measuring mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) products, 3B42RT and V6, were quantitatively evaluated in the Laohahe basin, China, located within the TMPA product latitude band (50°NS) but beyond the inclined TRMM satellite latitude band(36°NS).
Abstract: [1] Two standard Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) products, 3B42RT and 3B42V6, were quantitatively evaluated in the Laohahe basin, China, located within the TMPA product latitude band (50°NS) but beyond the inclined TRMM satellite latitude band (36°NS). In general, direct comparison of TMPA rainfall estimates to collocated rain gauges from 2000 to 2005 show that the spatial and temporal rainfall characteristics over the region are well captured by the 3B42V6 estimates. Except for a few months with underestimation, the 3B42RT estimates show unrealistic overestimation nearly year round, which needs to be resolved in future upgrades to the real-time estimation algorithm. Both model-parameter error analysis and hydrologic application suggest that the three-layer Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC-3L) model cannot tolerate the nonphysical overestimation behavior of 3B42RT through the hydrologic integration processes, and as such the 3B42RT data have almost no hydrologic utility, even at the monthly scale. In contrast, the 3B42V6 data can produce much better hydrologic predictions with reduced error propagation from input to streamflow at both the daily and monthly scales. This study also found the error structures of both RT and V6 have a significant geo-topography-dependent distribution pattern, closely associated with latitude and elevation bands, suggesting current limitations with TRMM-era algorithms at high latitudes and high elevations in general. Looking into the future Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) era, the Geostationary Infrared (GEO-IR) estimates still have a long-term role in filling the inevitable gaps in microwave coverage, as well as in enabling sub-hourly estimates at typical 4-km grid scales. Thus, this study affirms the call for a real-time systematic bias removal in future upgrades to the IR-based RT algorithm using a simple scaling factor. This correction is based on MW-based monthly rainfall climatologies applied to the combined monthly satellite-gauge research products.

232 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 2007
TL;DR: In this article, a variable-grid atmospheric general circulation model, the LMDZ, with a local zoom over the Mediterranean is used to investigate potential future changes in climate extremes around the Mediterranean basin.
Abstract: A variable-grid atmospheric general circulation model, the LMDZ, with a local zoom over the Mediterranean is used to investigate potential future changes in climate extremes around the Mediterranean basin. Changes in extremes of annual minimum and maximum temperature, winter and summer 24-h maximum precipitation are discussed under the IPCC-A2 emission scenario. Three time slices of 30 years are chosen to represent respectively the end of the 20th century, the middle and the end of the 21st century. The boundary conditions were taken from the outputs of three global coupled climate models: from the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques (CNRM) and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). These three global scenarios were used to estimate uncertainties associated with climate models. Extreme events are expressed in terms of return values, estimated from a Generalized Extreme Value distribution fitted to annual or seasonal extremes. The changes in distribution of extremes are analyzed to elucidate the nature of the changes in extremes. Magnitudes and main spatial patterns of the changes in extremes show a quite good consistency among three global scenarios. Comparison between changes in the middle and at the end of the 21st century does not reveal any remarkable discontinuity in future climate evolution. The maximum of warming occurs over Northeastern Europe for annual minimum temperature and over South Europe for annual maximum temperature. Averaged over the region, increase in cold extremes exceeds that in warm extremes. Changes in temperature extremes are mostly associated with shift of whole distribution (location parameter change) and in addition, for cold extremes, with changes in interannual variability, measured by the scale parameter. Mean precipitation changes are characterized by strong reduction belt over the Mediterranean and South Europe in winter, spring and summer. Precipitation extremes increase in all seasons except summer. These changes are predominantly associated with changes in the scale, but also with changes in the position and shape of the distribution. In general terms, it is suggested that the Mediterranean basin will experience a warmer climate with less total precipitation but more intense precipitation events.

232 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Climate model
22.2K papers, 1.1M citations
89% related
Climate change
99.2K papers, 3.5M citations
87% related
Global warming
36.6K papers, 1.6M citations
85% related
Vegetation
49.2K papers, 1.4M citations
85% related
Water content
49.8K papers, 1.1M citations
84% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20237,839
202214,365
20212,302
20201,964
20191,942
20181,773