Showing papers on "Pregnancy published in 1974"
TL;DR: Treatment with spiramycin during pregnancy reduced the overall frequency of the fetal infections but not of overt disease, and Mothers with antibodies before they became pregnant had no infected infants.
Abstract: Of 378 pregnant women with high initial toxoplasma antibody titers or seroconversion during pregnancy, 183 acquired the infection during pregnancy, a rate of 6.3 per 100 pregnancies. There were 11 abortions; seven infants were stillborn or died. Toxoplasmosis occurred in 59 of the nonaborted offspring. Among these, two died, and seven had severe disease with cerebral and ocular involvement. Of the remaining 50, 11 had mild, and 39 had subclinical illness. Severe disease was noted only when maternal infections were acquired during the first two trimesters. Later acquisition resulted in subclinical or no fetal infections. Parasites were isolated from the placentas of 25 per cent of those who acquired toxoplasma during pregnancy. Treatment with spiramycin during pregnancy reduced the overall frequency of the fetal infections but not of overt disease. Mothers with antibodies before they became pregnant had no infected infants.
548 citations
TL;DR: The frequency of adverse outcome in the pregnancies of chronically alcoholic women is of such a magnitude that serious consideration should be given toward early termination of pregnancy in such women.
340 citations
TL;DR: The association of pregnancy and diabetes is still characterized by high risks of fetal mortality and morbidity and maternal morbidity, and when one considers the increasing incidence of childhood onset of diabetes, a higher incidence in the future may be predicted.
218 citations
199 citations
TL;DR: Results indicated that anxiety around the first trimester was related to abnormalities of pregnancy, parturition and infant status, and life stress during the second and third trimesters was similarly associated with the same measure of abnormalities.
Abstract: Various psychosocial factors, particularly anxiety, have been found to correlate with medical abnormalities in pregnancy. But measures of anxiety have often been obtained late in pregnancy and have rarely been examined in conjunction with life stress. Therefore, this study measured states of anxiety
198 citations
TL;DR: The authors report a retrospective study of 146 patients to assess the extent to which aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and pregnancy interact.
Abstract: ✓ The authors report a retrospective study of 146 patients to assess the extent to which aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and pregnancy interact. The natural history of the lesions was modified if the women became pregnant. Clinical syndromes, diagnosis, neurosurgical and obstetrical management, and treatment are discussed.
190 citations
TL;DR: There are several reasons for interest in the maternal hemodynamic adjustments that accompany pregnancy, and an understanding of these reversible changes and the mechanisms regulating them will lead to increased knowledge concerning the physiology of the circulation and its control.
189 citations
TL;DR: Exposure to exogenous sex steroids during pregnancy was investigated for mothers of patients with congenital limb-reduction defects and mothers of normal controls, suggesting that orally ingested progestins may have an effect on the developing fetus that is sex-specific.
Abstract: Exposure to exogenous sex steroids during pregnancy was investigated for 108 mothers of patients with congenital limb-reduction defects and 108 mothers of normal controls. Exposure resulted from pregnancy tests, supportive hormone therapy, and breakthrough pregnancies occurring while the mother was using oral contraceptives. Among mothers with malformed children, 15 (14 per cent) had a history of exposure; four (4 per cent) control mothers of normal children were exposed. Of the 15 exposed and affected children, the mothers of 11 had received orally administered hormones. The sex ratio of the nonexposed children was not exceptional, but affected children with a history of exposure to orally administered hormones were all males. This association suggests that orally ingested progestins may have an effect on the developing fetus that is sex-specific. (N Engl J Med 291:697–700, 1974)
185 citations
TL;DR: The blood flows to reproductive organs were measured by means of radionuclide-labeled microspheres in 24 pregnant ewes with gestational ages ranging from 38 to 141 days.
Abstract: The blood flows to reproductive organs were measured by means of radionuclide-labeled microspheres in 24 pregnant ewes with gestational ages ranging from 38 to 141 days. The microspheres were injected
176 citations
TL;DR: Glomerular filtration rate was estimated by three methods in ten healthy women during pregnancy at 15 to 18 weeks, 25 to 28 weeks and 35 to 38 weeks; and again 8 to 12 weeks post‐partum.
Journal Article•
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results suggest that the principal determinant of pressor response to angiotensin II in pregnancy is arteriole response and not alterations in plasma volume or renin plasma levels.
TL;DR: Progesterone showed peak levels at late proestrus and at early diestrus, suggesting that the peak was due to LH stimulation, and progesterone levels during pregnancy showed two peaks; a small peak on Days 3 to 5 and a larger peak on days 13 to 20 of pregnancy.
Abstract: The amounts of progesterone, 5α-pregnane-3,20-dione, 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one, 20α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, 20α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-3-one and 5α-pregnane-3α,20α-diol in ovarian venous plasma at selected stages during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in rats, were determined by gas chromatography. Progesterone showed peak levels at late proestrus and at early diestrus. The former peak was associated with an increase in 5α-pregnane-3,20-dione and 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one, suggesting that the peak was due to LH stimulation. LH (2 µg) administered intravenously 30 min before sample collection increased the secretion of 20-keto-pregnane compounds at proestrus and at early and late diestrus. In addition, progesterone levels during pregnancy showed two peaks; a small peak on days 3 to 5 and a larger peak on days 13 to 20 of pregnancy. A minimal level was observed on days 7 to 10 of pregnancy. LH increased the progesterone level on day 7 of pregnancy but had no effect on the level at day 10. The concentrati...
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: Observations support the hypotheses that the chief determinants of the age pattern of reproductive risk is biological and that social cultural and economic factors largely determine the degree of risk no matter the mothers age.
Abstract: A quantification of age patterns of reproductive risk shows that there is a reproductive maternal age of minimum risk. The study is based on material already published in English that the author considered was based on a large enough sample to yield statistically meaningful findings on age patterns and pregnancy outcome controlled for birth order. Smaller studies on developing countries and childhood performance in relation to parental age at birth were also utilized. It was discovered that as age departs from the optimum either on the younger or older side the possibility of risk rises continuously. Thus age patterns for various risks usually assume "U" "J" or reverse "J" shapes. Discussed are the effects of maternal age on maternal mortality maternal complications female mortality fetal loss stillbirths perinatal mortality infant mortality congenital malformations and 3 aspects of childhood development--physical handicaps mental performance and pyschological or behavior patterns. It was found that the pattern of risk was the same at all levels of risk but that absolute risk varied tremendously according to time and place and income level. A high relative risk at a given age does not necessarily mean a high absolute rate at that age. Older women in a low mortality country may undergo less risk than young women in a country with high maternal mortality. These observations support the hypotheses that the chief determinants of the age pattern of reproductive risk is biological and that social cultural and economic factors largely determine the degree of risk no matter the mothers age. If fertility were reduced to the optimum reproductive years from age 20 to 34 the world birth rate would drop from about 33 or 34 per thousand to about 25 per thousand. The number of maternal and fetal deaths and complications and congenital malformations would drop sharply.(AUTHORS MODIFIED)
TL;DR: The ultrastructural features of the endometrial epithelium in the presence of a mole include intramitochondrial crystals and oval electron-rare intranuclear bodies with a fine fibrillar structure, which are found in association with certain viral diseases.
TL;DR: It is suggested that meprobamate, and possibly chlordiazepoxide, may be teratogenic when taken during the first six weeks of gestational diabetes, as well as other drugs, or no drug for minor psychoneurotic complaints (anxiety) during pregnancy.
Abstract: To examine the teratogenic potential of the minor tranquilizers, the incidence of severe congenital anomalies per 100 live births was studied in children of mothers who had received prescriptions for meprobamate, chlordiazepoxide, other drugs, or no drug for minor psychoneurotic complaints (anxiety) during pregnancy. These four populations were from a prospective longitudinal study of pregnancy and child health that included 19,044 live births. Rates of the anomalies after prescription of meprobamate or chlordiazepoxide in early pregnancy (the first 42 days) were higher 12.1 per 100 and 11.4 per 100 respectively than in children of the other-drug, 4.6 per 100, or no-drug cohorts, 2.6 per 100. When the reference date was later in pregnancy (43 days to termination), statistically insignificant differences in rates of the anomalies were observed among the four groups. These data suggest that meprobamate, and possibly chlordiazepoxide, may be teratogenic when taken during the first six weeks of gesta...
TL;DR: The observations in this patient and information derived from a literature review emphasize the need for short-and long-term clinical and laboratory evaluation of infants born to mothers who have been receiving immunosuppressive and potentially carcinogenic drugs during pregnancy.
TL;DR: In a series of 1,332 pregnancies in women with diabetes, perinatal fetal mortality varied in a statistically significant degree, with maternal factors and pregnancy complications expressed respectively, by the White and PBSP classifications.
Abstract: In a series of 1,332 pregnancies in women with diabetes, perinatal fetal mortality varied in a statistically significant degree, with maternal factors and pregnancy complications expressed respectively, by the White and PBSP classifications. Also, mortality declined steadily over the years 1946 to 1972. Fatal congenital malformation was the most important single cause of perinatal death in recent years. A controlled trial must take into account the year of admission as well as the White and PBSP classifications; with the prevailing low and decreasing mortality, even large centers may be unable to fulfill the requirements as to sample size within a few years. Therefore, criteria other than perinatal mortality may be needed to assess the value of changes in treatment.
TL;DR: In this article, it was argued that even at a level of successful detection well below 100%, this form of prenatal diagnosis may be worth while for spina bifida, and six plasma samples taken between 15 and 18 weeks of pregnancy had distinctively abnormal A.F.P.
TL;DR: In five pregnancies resulting in spina bifida and two resulting in anencephaly, the maternal serum-alpha-fetoprotein levels were found to be higher than those in fourteen control pregnancies matched for maternal age, parity, and lengt of gestation.
TL;DR: Low-dose methadone maintenance in conjunction with comprehensive prenatal care appears to reduce obstetric risk to a level comparable with that of nonaddicted women of similar sociomedical circumstances.
TL;DR: Primary vitamin D deficiency in premature infants of these mothers appears to play a significant, but not exclusive, role in the pathogenesis of this syndrome, and during pregnancy, nutritionalitamin D deficiency may be more common in this population than is currently realized.
Abstract: Plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) have been measured in mothers and their premature infants with neonatal hypocalcemia. In 11 of 15 mother-premature pairs, plasma levels of 25-OHD were remarkably low in both mother and infant. The present data suggest a nutritional basis for the abnormal biochemical findings in these mothers. Secondary vitamin D deficiency in premature infants of these mothers appears to play a significant, but not exclusive, role in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. During pregnancy, nutritional vitamin D deficiency may be more common in this population than is currently realized.
TL;DR: Reinold studied the spontaneous fetal movements between the 10th and 20th weeks of pregnancy using ultrasonic technique and concluded that when fetal spontaneous movements are absent, the fetus is at risk.