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Pregnancy

About: Pregnancy is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 163969 publications have been published within this topic receiving 4013502 citations. The topic is also known as: pregnancy & gestation.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There is an urgent need to conduct randomized trials to determine the efficacy and safety of antihypertensive drugs in women with mild hypertension-preeclampsia and the benefits and risks of magnesium sulfate during labor and postpartum in Women with mild preeClampsia.

1,025 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Exposure to ACE inhibitors during the first trimester cannot be considered safe and should be avoided, and infants born between 1985 and 2000 for whom there was no evidence of maternal diabetes are studied.
Abstract: Background Use of angiotensin-converting–enzyme (ACE) inhibitors during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy is contraindicated because of their association with an increased risk of fetopathy. In contrast, first-trimester use of ACE inhibitors has not been linked to adverse fetal outcomes. We conducted a study to assess the association between exposure to ACE inhibitors during the first trimester of pregnancy only and the risk of congenital malformations. Methods We studied a cohort of 29,507 infants enrolled in Tennessee Medicaid and born between 1985 and 2000 for whom there was no evidence of maternal diabetes. We identified 209 infants with exposure to ACE inhibitors in the first trimester alone, 202 infants with exposure to other antihypertensive medications in the first trimester alone, and 29,096 infants with no exposure to antihypertensive drugs at any time during gestation. Major congenital malformations were identified from linked vital records and hospitalization claims during the first year of life and confirmed by review of medical records. Results

1,017 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
24 Nov 2001-BMJ
TL;DR: Genetic factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease may also be linked to pre-eclampsia, which occurs in 3-5% of pregnancies and is compatible with maternal genes for thrombophilia having an effect on therisk of pre- eClampsia and of death from cardiovascular disease.
Abstract: Objective: To assess whether mothers and fathers have a higher long term risk of death, particularly from cardiovascular disease and cancer, after the mother has had pre-eclampsia. Design: Population based cohort study of registry data. Subjects: Mothers and fathers of all 626 272 births that were the mothers9 first deliveries, recorded in the Norwegian medical birth registry from 1967 to 1992. Parents were divided into two cohorts based on whether the mother had pre-eclampsia during the pregnancy. Subjects were also stratified by whether the birth was term or preterm, given that pre-eclampsia might be more severe in preterm pregnancies. Main outcome measures: Total mortality and mortality from cardiovascular causes, cancer, and stroke from 1967 to 1992, from data from the Norwegian registry of causes of death. Results: Women who had pre-eclampsia had a 1.2-fold higher long term risk of death (95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.37) than women who did not have pre-eclampsia. The risk in women with pre-eclampsia and a preterm delivery was 2.71-fold higher (1.99 to 3.68) than in women who did not have pre-eclampsia and whose pregnancies went to term. In particular, the risk of death from cardiovascular causes among women with pre-eclampsia and a preterm delivery was 8.12-fold higher (4.31 to 15.33). However, these women had a 0.36-fold (not significant) decreased risk of cancer. The long term risk of death was no higher among the fathers of the pre-eclamptic pregnancies than the fathers of pregnancies in which pre-eclampsia did not occur. Conclusions: Genetic factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease may also be linked to pre-eclampsia. A possible genetic contribution from fathers to the risk of pre-eclampsia was not reflected in increased risks of death from cardiovascular causes or cancer among fathers. What is already known on this topic Maternal and fetal genes (including those inherited from the father) may contribute to pre-eclampsia, which occurs in 3-5% of pregnancies One set of candidate genes for pre-eclampsia is the maternal genes for thrombophilia, which may increase the mother9s risk of death from cardiovascular disease What this study adds Women who have pre-eclampsia during a pregnancy that ends in a preterm delivery have an eightfold higher risk of death from cardiovascular disease compared with women who do not have pre-eclampsia and whose pregnancy goes to term Fathers of pregnancies in which pre-eclampsia occurred have no increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease These results are compatible with maternal genes for thrombophilia having an effect on the risk of pre-eclampsia and of death from cardiovascular disease

1,015 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Bereavement and preterm birth were the only life events to relate with the onset of depression and bereavement had a greater impact during pregnancy, and depressed mothers were more likely to express negative or mixed feelings about their three-month-old babies.
Abstract: A group of first-time mothers (119) were interviewed repeatedly at fixed intervals during their pregnancies and until their babies were a year old; they were then followed up at four years. A similar investigation was carried out on 38 other primiparae and 39 multiparae, but only postnatally. The incidence of depressive neurosis rose significantly in early pregnancy and in the first three months after delivery (10 per cent and 14 per cent of the main sample respectively). Subjects mainly suffered either from antenatal or postnatal depression, not both. Marital conflict and severe doubts about having the baby were associated with depression at either time. Bereavement and preterm birth were the only life events to relate with the onset of depression and bereavement had a greater impact during pregnancy. Depressed mothers were more likely to express negative or mixed feelings about their three-month-old babies. Many who had become depressed for the first time in their lives continued to experience psychological problems for up to four years after childbirth.

1,015 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study is the first to demonstrate that profound adult hyperphagia is a consequence of fetal programming and a key contributing factor in adult pathophysiology.
Abstract: Environmental factors and diet are generally believed to be accelerators of obesity and hypertension, but they are not the underlying cause Our animal model of obesity and hypertension is based on the observation that impaired fetal growth has long-term clinical consequences that are induced by fetal programming Using fetal undernutrition throughout pregnancy, we investigated whether the effects of fetal programming on adult obesity and hypertension are mediated by changes in insulin and leptin action and whether increased appetite may be a behavioral trigger of adult disease Virgin Wistar rats were time mated and randomly assigned to receive food either ad libitum (AD group) or at 30% of ad libitum intake, or undernutrition (UN group) Offspring from UN mothers were significantly smaller at birth than AD offspring At weaning, offspring were assigned to one of two diets [a control diet or a hypercaloric (30% fat) diet] Food intake in offspring from UN mothers was significantly elevated at an early postnatal age It increased further with advancing age and was amplified by hypercaloric nutrition UN offspring also showed elevated systolic blood pressure and markedly increased fasting plasma insulin and leptin concentrations This study is the first to demonstrate that profound adult hyperphagia is a consequence of fetal programming and a key contributing factor in adult pathophysiology We hypothesize that hyperinsulinism and hyperleptinemia play a key role in the etiology of hyperphagia, obesity, and hypertension as a consequence of altered fetal development

1,008 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20246
202312,193
202225,740
20218,002
20207,983
20196,948