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Showing papers on "Pressure angle published in 2008"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A theoretical prediction for thetaAP is presented which shows that it is a unique function of the advancing contact angle, thetaA, drop size, and material properties (surface tensions and densities).

133 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a dynamic model was developed, using MATLAB, and used for the prediction of the instantaneous dynamic loads of spur gears with symmetric and asymmetric teeth, and a 2-D three-tooth model for finite element analysis.

91 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a non-standard asymmetric rack cutters with required pressure angles and module are developed to generate the required pinion and gear of a drive with asymmetric involute surfaces and trochoidal fillet profiles.

70 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on the study of singularity of planar parallel manipulators taking into account the force transmission, i.e., the singularity zones in the workspace of the manipulator are defined not only by kinematic criterions from the theoretical perfect model, but also by the quality of force transmission.

62 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of tip relief modification and pressure angle on the wear of asymmetric spur gears with asymmetric teeth is numerically investigated and a wear model based on Archard's equation is employed to predict wear depth.
Abstract: Recently, spur gears with asymmetric teeth have been considered a way of increasing performance while maintaining the gearbox dimensions. Asymmetric teeth have different pressure angles on drive and coast sides. They provide, among other advantages, a high bending strength and low vibration. In spur gears with asymmetric teeth, wear has been observed to be a major failure mode. In this study, the impact of tip relief modification and pressure angle on the wear of spur gears with asymmetric teeth is numerically investigated. Here, the focus is on sliding wear. A wear model based on Archard's equation is employed to predict wear depth. The pressure angle and the tip relief are parameterized. In the analysis, instantaneous contact loads and Hertz pressures are used in wear depth calculations. It is shown that as the amount of the tip relief increases, the wear depth, particularly at the beginning and end of the mesh, decreases. As the number of wear cycles increases, the effect of the tip relief modification...

49 citations


Patent
23 Jul 2008
TL;DR: In this article, an arc tooth-surface gear pair, consisting of a symmetric arc cylindrical gear (SEDG) and an arc-to-arc gear (A2G), is described.
Abstract: The invention relates to an arc tooth-surface gear pair, comprising an arc tooth-surface gear (9) and a symmetric arc cylindrical gear (8) which are meshed with each other The geometric shapes of the arc tooth-surface gear (9) and the symmetric arc cylindrical gear (8) are in arc tooth form along the direction of tooth length, and the arc directions of the two gears are the same The tooth-form helix angle of the arc tooth-surface gear (9) is zero at the midpoint of the tooth width, and becomes bigger gradually along the tooth length to both ends The pressure angle at the midpoint of the tooth width equals to a cutter tooth-form angle, and the size of the pressure angle changes along with the change of the section position The tooth form of the symmetric arc cylindrical gear (8) is an involute tooth form on the central symmetric section along the direction of the tooth width, and the helix angle is zero The pressure angle equals to a cutter tooth-form angle The concave and the convex of two gears are contacted with each other during transmission, so that the point contact between two tooth surfaces at the center of the tooth width is ensured The arc tooth-surface gear pair has the advantages of big bearing capacity, high transmission efficiency, good meshing performance, smooth operation, convenient manufacture, and broad application prospect

23 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the possibility to use this method to derive teeth with improved bending resistance is investigated numerically using Finite Element Method (FEM) for the entire possible range of values of the cutter pressure angle, thus providing a parametric mapping and a first suggestion for optimal design.
Abstract: Recent research by the authors has shown that it is possible to generate fully interchangeable 20° involute gears using nonstandard module and pressure angle cutter geometry. Gear teeth cut by this method have working profiles that are identical to standard teeth, but notably different trochoidal fillets. In this paper the possibility to use this method to derive teeth with improved bending resistance is investigated numerically using Finite Element Method (FEM) for the entire possible range of values of the cutter pressure angle, thus providing a parametric mapping and a first suggestion for optimal design.

16 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the feasibility of applying asymmetric gears for MEMS devices while accounting for uncertainty, and the Weibull failure theory was applied to four different MEMS gear configurations.
Abstract: Currently, there is an increased interest in the application of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gear drives. Additionally, requirements for transmitted power and related reliability issues have increased. Reliability issues often occur due to uncertainties of material, geometry, and loading conditions of the MEMS gears. Asymmetric gear teeth are used to improve the performance of gears by increasing the load capacity or by reducing vibrations. In this paper, asymmetric gear teeth are proposed for MEMS applications. The objective of this research is to investigate the feasibility of applying asymmetric gears for MEMS devices while accounting for uncertainty. The Weibull failure theory was applied to four different MEMS gear configurations. The following analyses were carried out in this research: (i) for the calculation of root stress, four different asymmetric gears were used; (ii) for the calculation of the probability of failure, the Weibull failure theory formulization was used, and (iii) the efficacy of the various asymmetric tooth configurations was discussed. Specifically, the probability of failure of the asymmetric gear was extracted for various parameters. The parameters considered included pressure angle, tooth height, and contact ratio. The efficacy of using asymmetric gear teeth was shown in this study.

12 citations


Patent
09 May 2008
TL;DR: An inverted tooth chain drive system as discussed by the authors includes a sprocket with a plurality of teeth circumferentially spaced about an axis of rotation, each tooth comprising an engaging flank (E) and a disengaging flank (D).
Abstract: An inverted tooth chain drive system includes an inverted tooth chain (20) structured for inside flank engagement. The chain includes link rows (W) each including leading inside flanks (Fi) that project outwardly relative to trailing outside flanks (Fo) of a preceding link row. The system further includes a sprocket (10) with which said inverted tooth chain is drivingly engaged. The sprocket includes a plurality of teeth circumferentially spaced about an axis of rotation, each tooth comprising an engaging flank (E) and a disengaging flank (D). Some of the teeth (T1) are defined with a first tooth form in which said engaging flank thereof is defined with a first pressure angle (PA1) and others of said teeth (T2) are defined with a second tooth form in which the engaging flank (E' ) thereof is defined with a second pressure angle (PA2) that is different from the first pressure angle in order to stagger or modulate the initial meshing impacts between the leading inside flanks of the chain and engaging flanks of the sprocket teeth. The sprocket can be optimized for manufacture by a hobbing process, by arranging the different tooth forms in a specific 'hob-compatible' pattern.

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of the inclination angle on pool boiling heat transfer have been investigated and a single tube of 30mm diameter and an annulus of 12.7mm gap size submerged in the saturated water at atmospheric pressure have been considered.

9 citations


Patent
17 Jun 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, an internal gear diamond diamond dresser, which can perform highly efficient high precision truing and dressing of a whetstone for grinding a tempered internal gear with high precision, is provided.
Abstract: An internal gear diamond dresser which can perform highly efficient high precision truing and dressing of a whetstone for grinding a tempered internal gear with high precision, is provided. An internal gear diamond dresser (1) having a tooth profile formed at the inner diameter portion of a ring like base and designed with specifications substantially identical to those of the internal gear of a workpiece is employed. Preferably, main specifications of the gear, i.e. module, pressure angle, twisting angle, tooth thickness or the like are entirely identical to those of the workpiece, and the tooth width and tooth depth are designed slightly larger than those of the workpiece in order to secure meshing with the whetstone. The number of teeth is increased/decreased according to the specification of the diamond dresser. More preferably, a centering reference surface is provided at the tooth tip of the dresser so that the internal gear diamond dresser can be fixed to a machine with higher precision.

01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: In this article, an algorithm to describe the ideal spur gear profile is proposed, which is based on the equations of the circular head and root thickness, and the involute of the base circle is used to draw the tooth.
Abstract: In this paper an algorithm to describe the ideal spur gear profile is proposed. More precisely, the goal is to describe the point to point movement to be used within a CNC machine. Three parameters are the required algorithm input data: the modulus, the number of teeth and the pressure angle. The algorithm is based upon the equations of the circular head and root thickness. The involute of the base circle is used to draw the tooth. The algorithm can be translated into any machine language. However, two codes are proposed in order to test it: A Visual Basic code (which can run as a macro in Excel) and a CNC Mitsubishi G code. Several tips for machining are finally given.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, a numerical model was developed to simulate the dynamics and vibrations of a multistage tractor gearbox, where the effect of time varying mesh stiffness, time varying frictional torque on the gear teeth, lateral and torsional flexibility of shafts and flexibility of the bearings were included in the model.
Abstract: This work presents a numerical model developed to simulate the dynamics and vibrations of a multistage tractor gearbox. The effect of time varying mesh stiffness, time varying frictional torque on the gear teeth, lateral and torsional flexibility of the shafts and flexibility of the bearings were included in the model. The model was developed by using the Lagrangian method, and it was applied to study the effect of three design variables on the vibration and stress levels on the gears. The first design variable, module, had little effect on the vibration levels but a higher module resulted to higher bending stress levels. The second design variable, pressure angle, had little effect on the vibration levels, but had a strong effect on the stress levels on the pinion of a high reduction ratio gear pair. A pressure angle of 25 o resulted to lower stress levels for a pinion with 14 teeth than a pressure angle of 20 o . The third design variable, contact ratio, had a very strong effect on both the vibration levels and bending stress levels. Increasing the contact ratio to 2.0 reduced both the vibration levels and bending stress levels significantly. For the gear train design used in this study, a module of 2.5 and contact ratio of 2.0 for the various meshes was found to yield the best combination of low vibration levels and low bending stresses. The model can therefore be used as a tool for obtaining the optimum gear design parameters for a given multistage spur gear train. Keywords—bending stress levels, frictional torque, gear design parameters, mesh stiffness, multistage gear train, vibration levels. NOMENCLATURE

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: In this article, a numerical technique is used to study the performance of high contact ratio (HCR) spur gears with asymmetric teeth, and the effect of the gear contact ratio, addendum factor, mesh stiffness, pressure angles, and operation speeds on dynamic tooth loads are considered.
Abstract: In this research, a numerical technique is used to study the performance of high-contact-ratio (HCR) spur gears with asymmetric teeth. Asymmetric teeth have been shown to minimize dynamic loads and to increase the load carrying capacity. This is due to the fact that these teeth have a larger pressure angle on the drive side compared to the coast side. In literature, symmetric gear teeth with HCR have been shown to also yield low dynamic loads and high load capacities. HCR gears have these positive attributes because for gears in a mesh, the number of tooth pairs sharing the transmitted load alternates between two and three. In this study, the separate benefits of an HCR gear and asymmetric teeth are unified into a spur gear with asymmetric teeth. In this case, the effect of the gear contact ratio, addendum factor, mesh stiffness, pressure angles, and operation speeds on dynamic tooth loads are considered. The influences of these parameters on dynamic response are presented and discussed. A comparison between standard and non standard gear pairs in literature is also presented, with respect to dynamic tooth loads. Sample simulation results, which were obtained by using an in-house computer program, are discussed. The results obtained are shown to match well with some related analytical and experimental results in literature. It is further demonstrated that HCR spur gears with asymmetric teeth do provide a marked advantage compared to the conventional spur gears with symmetric teeth.Copyright © 2008 by ASME

Patent
22 Oct 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, a double internal meshing balancing type speed reducer with small tooth differences is proposed. But the number of teeth is not fixed, and the inner tooth ring is fixedly connected with the output shaft which is supported on a bearing.
Abstract: The utility model relates to a double internal meshing balancing type speed reducer with small tooth differences, which comprises an input shaft, an output shaft, a bearing and an eccentric sleeve. The utility model is characterized in that a gear wheel on the right end of a duplex gear is meshed with a fixed inner tooth ring, the numbers of teeth are the same, and the gear wheel on the left end of the duplex gear is meshed with a movable inner tooth ring, and the inner tooth ring is fixedly connected with the output shaft which is supported on a bearing, the parameter of the gear wheel which is supported on the bearing is the same with the parameter of the gear wheel on the right end of the duplex gear, and the parameter of the gear wheel which is supported on the bearing is the same with the gear wheel on the left end of the duplex gear, gear wheels on both ends of the duplex gear are connected in one body by a pintle which passes through a corresponded hole on the duplex gear, and are eccentrically and symmetrically arranged with the duplex gear, namely crossed in 180 degrees. The double internal meshing balancing type speed reducer achieves speed reduction and movement output, and can excellently solve the balancing problem and the interference problem, thereby avoiding the problems of increasing pressure angle, increasing loading and lowering efficiency which are caused by displacement.

Patent
11 Jun 2008
TL;DR: In this article, a Web technology-based automobile transmission gear drive system is provided, which belongs to the technology field of computer application, and the steps are that: the system computes actual center distance or user directly gives the actual centre distance; the system determines the range of lowest grade speed ratio and highest grade speed rate value and allocates the grade speed ratios of the transmission; tooth number determination module is called to determine the tooth number, module number and helix angle; the System computes diameter of reference circle, inputs normal reference circle pressure angle, normal radial gap coefficient
Abstract: A design method of a Web technology-based automobile transmission gear drive system is provided, which belongs to the technology field of computer application. The steps are that: the system computes actual center distance or user directly gives the actual center distance; the system determines the range of lowest grade speed ratio and highest grade speed ratio value and allocates the grade speed ratio of the transmission; tooth number determination module is called to determine the tooth number, module number and helix angle; the system computes diameter of reference circle, inputs normal reference circle pressure angle, normal radial gap coefficient, normal tooth addendum coefficient and tooth width, calls addendum coefficient to compute and allocate the module, computer normal addendum coefficient sum and allocates the normal addendum coefficient; the system gives warning if the selected addendum coefficient is not in compliance with the requirement; the design result is checked. The invention can effectively solve the problem of difficult development and design of transmission gear drive system products and facilitate the design of the automobile transmission gear simple, convenient and fast and accurate.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed an approach of optimization analysis intending to enhance the displacement capability of external gear pumps (EGPs) by using coordinate transformation and meshing for gears on a rack cutter profile.
Abstract: To increase volume displacement is always concerning in designing external gear pumps (EGPs). Therefore, an approach of optimization analysis intending to enhance their displacement capability is proposed in this study. Through that, design parameters of the spur gears in the pumps are systematically resulted to achieve their optimal volume displacements. Parametrically, a CAD model to visualize the designed gear of the optimal design is also created. Firstly, the study derives tooth profile equations by using the coordinate transformation and equation of meshing for gears on a rack cutter profile. Then, an analytic formula represented the enveloping area by an involute curve is derived. Next, volumes of output and trapped backflow of the EGP are achieved. Therefore the net output volume can be calculated accurately and efficiently. After that, the optimization analysis to maximize the volume displacement is performed. Through that, optimal design parameters for the pumps are achieved under assigned constraints for considerations of design and manufacturing. Additionally, influences of module, pressure angle, and addendum correction factor for the gears in the pumps on their displacement capability are also investigated. Additionally, flowrate fluctuation characteristics under different pressure angles of gears are finally discussed.

Hong Jie1
01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: In this article, a testing system was set up to measure dynamic response of non-rotating shrouded blades and the effect of mounting tightness and pressure angle was analyzed according to the test data.
Abstract: A testing system was set up to measure dynamic response of non-rotating shrouded blades.The loading scheme can achieve continuous adjustment and accurate measurement of contact pressure.The vibration characteristics and response of the shrouded blade with different mounting tightness and pressure angles were measured.The results show that the shrouded blade has nonlinear phenomena-the resonance frequencies are forficate.The effect of mounting tightness and pressure angle were analyzed according to the test data.The results indicate that the selection of pressure angle should be considered according to the proportional relations between relative motion to normal direction and tangential direction based on vibration mode.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the amount of stress at the fillet radius region of spur gears when the applied load location changes, along the involute curve, from the top surface to the bottom.
Abstract: In this study, attempts are carried out to determine the amount of stress at the fillet radius region of spur gears when the applied load location changes, along the involute curve, from the top surface to the bottom. For this purpose the photoelastic method and numerical MSC/NASTRAN software are used. The gears with pressure angle (ϕ) 20o, and 25o were prepared from photoelastic material type PLM-4B in this study. Practical calibration is used to determine the fringe order value of this material. Four different modules (m); 6, 10, 14, and 20 mm were prepared for two different numbers of teeth (N); 18 and 26, with different face widths (B1, B2, B3); 10, 17, 25.4 mm respectively. Four load values were applied on each tooth at five to six different load locations along the involutes curve profile. In order to accomplish the comparison between the results for different methods, the same sample dimensions and parameters were prepared again for the MSC/NASTRAN software. The results showed that the maximum applied stress at the fillet radius occur when the applied load location is on the top land of a tooth, and then that amount is decreased when the applied load positions change toward the bottom land. The results of the NASTRAN method showed that the applied stress at the fillet radius would be minimum when the loading point locates between the pitch circle and dedendum circle, in particular around 1.5 times module (1.5 m) of the total tooth height which equals 2.25 module, and then the applied stresses are increased again. However, in the photoelastic method the applied stresses were decreased continuously to the bottom land. The reasons behind such results can be attributed to the type of failure theories that can be used in NASTRAN software for characterization the applied stresses, i.e. considering types of applied stresses into account, such as bending, direct compressive, and shear stresses. Moreover, in order to compare the applied stress values at fillet regions, obtained by theoretical and practical approaches, four different standard mathematical equations are used for stress calculation at fillet radius of spur gears to show the difference of the parameters and variables that can affect the applied stress results.

01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, a mesh filter method was proposed in view of the particularity of face-gear's structure, and the distortion of the element shape was corrected, based on tooth contact analysis.
Abstract: The fillet surface equation of face gears was presented when the top of the shaper tooth was rounded.A 'mesh filter method' was proposed in view of the particularity of face-gear's structure,and the distortion of the element shape was corrected.Based on tooth contact analysis(TCA),the variation of bending stresses during the cycle of meshing was computed with 3-D contact finite element method when some parameters changed.The results indicate that both of the nominal pressure angle and shaft adjustments of face-gear have significant influence on the bending strength.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The existence or not of an angle of obliquity for scattered radiation has been investigated for bremsstrahlung x-ray beams of 4, 6, 10, 15, and 18 MV and for barriers consisting of concrete, lead, and steel using a Monte Carlo approach.
Abstract: The angle of obliquity is used in radiation shielding calculations to account for the longer path length x rays will see when obliquely incident on the protective barrier. According to the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP), use of the angle of obliquity is explicitly assumed for primary radiation, so that an angle of obliquity for secondary radiation is never addressed. However, in the example section of the latest report, it specifically recommends against using an angle of obliquity for scattered radiation. To check this assumption, the existence or not of an angle of obliquity for scattered radiation has been investigated for bremsstrahlung x-ray beams of 4, 6, 10, 15, and 18 MV and for barriers consisting of concrete, lead, and steel using a Monte Carlo approach. The MCNP Monte Carlo code, v4.2C, has been used to generate scattered radiation at 30 degrees from a water phantom and incident on a secondary barrier at the same angle relative to the normal to the barrier. The barrier thickness was increased from zero to a thickness sufficient to reduce the fluence (f4 tally) to <10(-3). A transmission curve was created for each energy-barrier material combination by normalizing to zero thickness. The results for the first tenth-value layer (TVL) in concrete (5 energies) show an average angle of obliquity of 21.7 degrees +/- 5.6 degrees , and for the first two TVLs averaged 29.7 degrees +/- 3.9 degrees . The results for the first TVL in lead (3 energies) show an average angle of obliquity of 27.7 degrees +/- 4.0 degrees , and for the first two TVLs averaged 20.5 degrees +/- 5.8 degrees . There are no data in the NCRP reports for 30 degrees scattered radiation attenuated by steel with which to make a comparison.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 2008
TL;DR: In this article, a procedure for minimizing the size of roller-follower disc cam mechanisms under the constraint of maximum pressure angle is presented, where the pressure angle constraint is realized through establishing the permissible region for the cam center.
Abstract: This paper presents a procedure for minimizing the size of roller-follower disc cam mechanisms under the constraint of maximum pressure angle. The pressure angle constraint is realized through establishing the permissible region for the cam centre. The problem of cam-size minimization is reduced to locate the cam centre at the intersection of boundary curves of the permissible region. Its implementation is illustrated through examples.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Based on parametric programs of total tooth profile, a finite element model for asymmetric gear is built in this paper, and the results show that the maximum tensile stress at the tooth root decreases and single tooth mesh area moves towards tooth tip with increase of pressure angle of driving side.
Abstract: In order to increase bending load capacity,a new-style asymmetric gear with different pressure angles is designed and involute profile equations and transition curve equations of tooth root of driving side and coast side for asymmetric gear are proposed. Through iteration algorithm and optimization strategy,the analytic calculation formula of tooth root bending stress for asymmetric gear is presented.Based on parametric programs of total tooth profile,a finite element model for asymmetric gear is built.By analytic calculation of tooth root bending stress and dangerous section position for several combinations of pressure angles,the results show that the maximum tensile stress at the tooth root decreases and single tooth mesh area moves towards tooth tip with increase of pressure angle of driving side.The calculation results using finite element method are similar to analytic method and the formula for tooth root bending stress vs.pressure angle of asymmetric gear is determined by the least squares method.By wire electrical discharge machining,the symmetric gear and asymmetric gear are manufactured and bending fatigue strength testing is carried on the HF fatigue=testing machine.The testing result shows that limit load of asymmetric gear increases about 50% on the same tooth life compared with symmetric gear and the bending stress transformation of tooth root is similar to the calculation results of analytic method and finite element method.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An artificial neural network and a backpropagation algorithm are used in the present work to predict the fillet stresses of a spur gear tooth, as stresses are high in this portion of the gear.
Abstract: A fillet curve is provided at the root of the spur gear tooth, as stresses are high in this portion. The fillet curve may be a trochoid or an arc of suitable size as specified by designer. The fillet stress is influenced by the fillet geometry as well as the number of teeth, modules, and the pressure angle of the gear. Because the relationship is nonlinear and complex, an artificial neural network and a backpropagation algorithm are used in the present work to predict the fillet stresses. Training data are obtained from finite element simulations that are greatly reduced using Taguchi's design of experiments. Each simulation takes around 30 min. The 4-5-1 network and a sigmoid activation function are chosen. TRAINLM function is used for training the network with a learning rate parameter of 0.01 and a momentum constant of 0.8. The neural network is able to predict the fillet stresses in 0.03 s with reasonable accuracy for spur gears having 25–125 teeth, a 1–5 mm module, a 0.05–0.45 mm fillet radius, and a 15°–25° pressure angle.

Patent
08 May 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, a set of rotation-symmetrical rolling units are arranged between outer and inner bearing rings and held together in even distances in a circumferential direction by a bearing cage.
Abstract: The bearing (1) has a set of rotation-symmetrical rolling units (5, 6) arranged between outer and inner bearing rings (2, 3) and held together in even distances in a circumferential direction by a bearing cage (4). The rolling units are arranged in parallel in two rows (7, 8) with large and small pitch circle diameters (Tk1, Tk2). One of the rolling units of one of the rows is formed by ball casters and the other rolling unit of the other row is formed by standard bearing balls, where the rows roll on different pressure angle axes in its adjacent groove-shaped paths (13, 14, 15, 16).

Journal ArticleDOI
26 May 2008
TL;DR: The computer-aided software developed in this research work is used in designing cam systems by generating various follower motions and cam profiles and automatically imported into a spreadsheet package thereby using all its features for better analysis of results.
Abstract: The computer-aided software developed in this research work is used in designing cam systems by generating various follower motions and cam profiles. It is highly suited for extensive dynamics, kinematics and geometric design analysis based on some inherent features that are unique. The plate cam with either flat-face or roller followers can be designed. Most of the standard and acceptable cam functions are included such as double harmonic, modified trapezoidal, cycloid, 4-5-6 polynomial and others. Various prime circle radii and follower face widths are calculated for flat-face follower design option for any user selected cam angle, follower profile and cam function. Other parameters such as minimum and maximum values of radii of curvature, pressure angle, are also calculated for roller follower design option. In every design the follower motion and cam profiles are calculated and coordinate files can be exported in Cartesian format and automatically imported into a spreadsheet package thereby using all its features for better analysis of results. All dynamic, kinematics and geometric parameters can be plotted and all data may be printed to the screen, to a printer, or to a file. Keywords : Cams; Design; software; simulations; validation Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 28 (1) 2008 pp. 103-115

Patent
18 Sep 2008
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a gear generating profile which increases the contact area to a counter gear face in an engagement part and reduces the transmission force to the counter-gear face by reducing the face pressure as well as the power transmitting unit.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the gear generating profile which increases the contact area to a counter gear face in an engagement part and the transmission force to the counter gear face by reducing the face pressure as well as the power transmitting unit using the gear generating profile and keeps the pressure angle to the counter gear small and the transmission force over the counter gear increased from this point as well as the power transmitting unit using the gear generating profile. SOLUTION: The rack gear 24a in the negative dislocation rack 24 is generating processed by the loop shaped nodal part of the negative dislocation curve. The cylindrical pin 25a of a pin pinion 25 welds with pressure to the gear end 24b of the rack gear 24a when rotating the pin pinion 25. The gear face of the pin pinion 25 is concave, which is engaged to a counter rack gear 24a by face contact as it has the elastic deformation when engaging. The transmitting force increases while the contact area of the cylindrical pin 25a to the rack gear 24a increases while the rigidity becomes high by reducing the face pressure. COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Patent
10 Apr 2008
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed axially and movably fitting an operation lever 25 to a lock bolt 21 which penetrates long holes 31, 39 formed to a fixing bracket and a support bracket 17 formed to movable member 19.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide locking structure of a steering column device for a vehicle, significantly reducing the probability of occurrence of half locking. SOLUTION: Locking structure of a steering column device for a vehicle is constituted by axially and movably fitting an operation lever 25 to a lock bolt 21 which penetrates long holes 31, 39 formed to a fixing bracket and a support bracket 17 formed to a movable member 19. At least one of the fixing bracket 15 and the support bracket 17 has a bracket side teeth part (a tilt teeth part 35 or a telescopic teeth part 43), the movable member has a movable side teeth part (a tilt locking teeth part 53 or a telescopic teeth part 55). A specific crest part of at least one crest part out of a plurality of crest parts in the bracket side teeth part or the movable side teeth part is higher than neighboring other crest parts, and the specific crest part is smaller in pressure angle as an angle of a tip than the neighboring other crest parts. COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived the critical clamping angle for three kinds of equipments is only relating to the coefficient of friction between the channels and the materials, and deduced the conclusion that when the coefficient between the grinding channels and materials is invariable, the pressure angle θ3 of the pressure-bearing surface for the horomill is the function of ratio about the shell diameter with the roller diameter.
Abstract: Beginning with analyzing current generic technology from the grinding process of the crushing equipment for three kinds of mills crushing material bed,it builds the mathematical model of grinding channels,as well as deduces the conclusion that the critical clamping angle for three kinds of equipments is only relating to the coefficient of friction between the channels and the materialsRely on this,it can deduce the conclusion: When the coefficient of friction between the grinding channels and the materials is invariable,the pressure angle θ3 of the pressure-bearing surface for the horomill is the function of ratio about the shell diameter with the roller diameterThe theoretical analysis and the test result indicate: The value of k for the horomill used in cement industry is not suitable to be more than 2;The pressure angle of the pressure-bearing surface for the horomill is much bigger than the pressure angle of the pressure-bearing surface for the roller mill and the crush presser,therefore,the characteristic anti vibration and the grinding stability of horomill is higher than of crush presser and roller mill

Patent
02 Oct 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for applying the form-rolling to the outer peripheral part of a disk-like workpiece W by pushing a form-rolled die 2 provided with a plurality of working teeth 3A-3C was proposed.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and an apparatus for form-rolling a gear which are suitable for extending the service life of a roller die and shortening a forming cycle time. SOLUTION: The method for applying the form-rolling to the outer peripheral part of a disk-like workpiece W by pushing a form-rolling die 2 provided with a plurality of working teeth 3A-3C for performing the form-rolling into the outer peripheral part of the workpiece W with a prescribed pushing-in speed while synchronizedly rotating to the workpiece W comprises: a first process for forming form-rolling teeth W2 at the intermediate step with the roller die 2A provided with a larger pressure angle of working teeth 3A than a prescribed pressure angle of the finish tooth shape; a second process for forming tooth bottom and tooth shape of the roll-formed teeth W2 with a roller die 2B provided with the form-rolling teeth W2 having a prescribed pressure angle of the finished tooth-shape; and a third process for forming the tooth tip parts of the form-rolling teeth W2 with the roller die 2C provided with the working teeth 3C for forming the tooth tip range of the finish tooth shape. COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT