Topic
Primate
About: Primate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1250 publications have been published within this topic receiving 67388 citations. The topic is also known as: the primate order & primates.
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that optical imaging reveals the presence of ocular dominance columns in the superficial layers of V1 of owl monkeys, even though the geniculate inputs related to each eye are highly overlapping in layer 4, suggesting that functional columns may exist in the absence of obvious differences in the distributions of activating inputs.
Abstract: A significant concept in neuroscience is that sensory areas of the neocortex have evolved the remarkable ability to represent a number of stimulus features within the confines of a global map of the sensory periphery. Modularity, the term often used to describe the inhomogeneous nature of the neocortex, is without a doubt an important organizational principle of early sensory areas, such as the primary visual cortex (V1). Ocular dominance columns, one type of module in V1, are found in many primate species as well as in carnivores. Yet, their variable presence in some New World monkey species and complete absence in other species has been enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that optical imaging reveals the presence of ocular dominance columns in the superficial layers of V1 of owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus), even though the geniculate inputs related to each eye are highly overlapping in layer 4. The ocular dominance columns in owl monkeys revealed by optical imaging are circular in appearance. The distance between left eye centers and right eye centers is approximately 650 µm. We find no relationship between ocular dominance centers and other modular organizational features such as orientation pinwheels or the centers of the cytochrome oxidase blobs. These results are significant because they suggest that functional columns may exist in the absence of obvious differences in the distributions of activating inputs and ocular dominance columns may be more widely distributed across mammalian taxa than commonly suggested.
31 citations
TL;DR: 5 factors to be considered in the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis in squirrel monkeys are: lack of protective immunity, local concentration of toxin and/or catabolites of reproduction of the organism, individual tissue susceptibility to the organisms, capillary thrombosis, and ability of the individual to adapt to its environment.
Abstract: Spontaneous and experimental toxoplasmosis have been reported sporadically as the cause of death in nonhuman primates. These reports indicate that New World monkeys and marmosets (cebidae and hapalidae), are more susceptible to infection by Toxoplasma gondii, or more often develop disease in response to this infection than monkeys and baboons of the Old World (cercopithecidae). This difference is not readily explained, but it parallels a difference in a capacity to adapt to confinement. An enzootic of fatal toxoplasmosis in a laboratory group of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciwew, a New World primate) is described.
30 citations
TL;DR: Primate Ecology and Social Structure Vol.
Abstract: Primate Ecology and Social Structure Vol. 1: Lorises, Lemurs and Tarsiers. Robert W. Sussman. Needham Heights. MA: Pearson Custom Publishing, 1999. 284 pp.
Primate Ecology and Social Structure Vol. 2: New World Monkeys. Robert W. Sussman. Needham Heights. MA: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2000. 207 pp.
Primate Ecology and Social Structure Vol. 3: Old World Monkeys and Apes. Robert W. Sussman. Needham Heights. MA: Pearson Custom Publishing, in press.
30 citations
TL;DR: It is determined that gonadectomy significantly impairs social dominance in naturalistic settings and changes reactions to social stimuli in experimental settings, and suggests that intact gonads, which are needed to produce adolescent increases in circulating testosterone, impact social behavior during adolescents in primates.
30 citations
TL;DR: The possibility that marmosets can be a model for future studies of the neural underpinnings and endocrinology underlying human parental behavior is suggested.
30 citations