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Primate

About: Primate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1250 publications have been published within this topic receiving 67388 citations. The topic is also known as: the primate order & primates.


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TL;DR: This work sequenced this locus in a wild population from the Gran Chaco and revealed A. azarai to have a unique genic structure for AVPR1A that varies in coding sequence and microsatellite repeat content relative to other primate and mammalian species, providing clues about the process by which the range of social behavior in the Order Primates evolved through lineage-specific neurogenetic variation.
Abstract: The arginine vasopressin V1a receptor gene (AVPR1A) has been implicated in increased partner pref- erence and pair bonding behavior in mammalian lineages. This observation is of considerable importance for studies of social monogamy, which only appears in a small subset of primate taxa, including the Argentinean owl monkey (Aotus azarai). Thus, to investigate the possible influence of AVPR1A on the evolution of social behavior in owl monkeys, we sequenced this locus in a wild population from the Gran Chaco. We also assessed the interspecific variation of AVPR1A in platyrrhine species that represent a set of phylogenetically and behaviorally disparate taxa. The resulting data revealed A. azarai to have a unique genic structure for AVPR1A that varies in coding sequence and microsatellite repeat content relative to other primate and mammalian species. Specifically, one repetitive region that has been the focus in studies of human AVPR1A diversity, ''RS3,'' is completely absent in A. azarai and all other platyrrhines examined. This finding suggests that, if AVPR1A modulates behavior in owl monkeys and other neotropical primates, it does so independent of this region. These observations have also provided clues about the process by which the range of social behavior in the Order Primates evolved through lineage-specific neurogenetic variation.

30 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings support the conclusion that early correction of infantile strabismus promotes normal development of cerebral gaze-holding pathways, and Binocular decorrelation in primates during an early period of fusion development causes permanent gaze instability when the duration exceeds the equivalent of 3 months in humans.
Abstract: PURPOSE. Infantile esotropia is linked strongly to latent fixation nystagmus (LN) in human infants, but many features of this comorbidity are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine how the duration of early-onset strabismus (or timeliness of repair) affects the prevalence of LN in a primate model. METHODS. Optical strabismus was created in infant macaques by fitting them with prism goggles on day 1 of life. The goggles were removed after 3 (n = 2), 12 (n = 1) or 24 weeks (n = 3), emulating surgical repair of strabismus in humans at 3, 12, and 24 months of age, respectively. Eye movements were recorded by using binocular search coils. RESULTS. Each animal in the 12- and 24-week groups exhibited LN and manifest LN, normal spatial vision (no amblyopia), and constant esotropia. The 3-week duration monkeys had stable fixation (no LN) and normal alignment indistinguishable from control animals. In affected monkeys, the longer the duration of binocular decorrelation, the greater the LN: mean slow-phase eye velocity (SPEV) in the 24-week animals was three times greater than that in the 12-week monkey (P = 0.03); mean LN intensity in the 24-week monkeys was three times greater than that in the 12-week monkey (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS. Binocular decorrelation in primates during an early period of fusion development causes permanent gaze instability when the duration exceeds the equivalent of 3 months in humans. These findings support the conclusion that early correction of infantile strabismus promotes normal development of cerebral gaze-holding pathways.

30 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results provide further support for a correlation between early lead exposure and hippocampal dysfunction and the utility of a primate version of the open field test for behavioral toxicological studies is substantiated.

30 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A preclinical introduction to psychiatry along analytic lines, with emphasis on Dr. Alexander's opinions and contributions, which cannot be compared, however, in accuracy or detail, with most general psychopathologies, particularly those of Cameron or Jaspers.
Abstract: Essentially Drs. Alexander and Selesnick have written a preclinical introduction to psychiatry along analytic lines, with emphasis on Dr. Alexander's opinions and contributions. The book would perhaps be most useful during the early medical school years in the hands of an instructor who uses a broad, survey approach. In part it resembles the old general psychiatries that often preceded the discussions of syndromes in textbooks. It cannot be compared, however, in accuracy or detail, with most general psychopathologies, particularly those of Cameron or Jaspers; nor is this its goal. As with most introductions, the critical student will be hard put to know why he needs to believe much of what he is being told. Throughout, the authors* independence of mind, optimism, and broad-ranging interests are prominently in evidence.

30 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that factors other than male-male competition (e.g., predation) may also have influenced the degree of dimorphism in primates.
Abstract: Previous studies have suggested that there is a strong relationship between a high degree of aggressive competition among males for access to fertile females and large body and canine size in males. It has further been suggested that such a relationship among living primates can be used to infer the social organization of extinct primate species from the degree of sexual dimorphism exhibited. Our field studies of patas (Erythrocebus patas) and blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis), two species which had previously been characterized as having one-male ‘harem’ group structures, indicate considerable variability in mating systems. We suggest, on the basis of our observations of these species, that factors other than male-male competition (e.g., predation) may also have influenced the degree of dimorphism in primates.

30 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023296
2022585
202133
202033
201930
201842