Primate

About: Primate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1250 publications have been published within this topic receiving 67388 citations. The topic is also known as: the primate order & primates.

Preferred hand use in the japanese macaque troop, arashiyama-R, during visually guided reaching for food pellets

Abstract: A troop of Japanese macaques, which consisted of about 45 monkeys and was raised at the Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, was observed during the period from April to June 1988, to evaluate the preferred choice of hand when reaching for food pellets Nineteen monkeys showed a consistent left-hand preference, 5 monkeys showed a consistent right-hand preference, and the remaining 20 monkeys did not reveal a preference for either hand Monkeys of more than 8 years of age tended to exhibit a greater left-hand preference with a lower incidence of absence of preference A tendency to use either left or right hand increased with increasing age: the correlation ratio between age in years and the index to use either hand, designated as the laterality index, was significant (t-test,p<0001,N=42) Children of mothers with a left-hand preference tended to show a left-hand preference

Sleep quantitation in common marmoset, cotton top tamarin and squirrel monkey by non-invasive actigraphy.

Abstract: Sleep quantitation data on the Neotropical primate species, apart from the squirrel monkey, are still sparse. As such, we have quantitated sleep in the common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), cotton top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) and squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) reared in one primate facility simultaneously, by non-invasive actigraphy. The range in total sleep time/24h measured for male adult common marmosets, cotton top tamarins and squirrel monkeys were 713-793 min (n=4), 707-889 min (n=4) and 459-475 min (n=2) respectively. The range in sleep episode length /12h dark phase for marmosets, tamarins and squirrel monkeys were 21-52 min (n=3), 10-28 min (n=4) and 9-15 min (n=2) respectively. Since vigilance is a critical evolutionary adaptive feature of predator avoidance among Callitrichid monkeys and squirrel monkeys, the shorter ranges in sleep episode length recorded, even under captivity, in this study could be interpreted as probable indicators of such vigilance behavior during the rest phase. We hypothesize that the vigilance behavior when it exists during a primate's active phase should also prevail when it is at rest (sleep). This hypothesis deserves additional testing in female Callitrichid monkeys.

Developmental changes of cognitive vocal control in monkeys.

Abstract: The evolutionary origins of human language are obscured by the scarcity of essential linguistic characteristics in non-human primate communication systems. Volitional control of vocal utterances is one such indispensable feature of language. We investigated the ability of two monkeys to volitionally utter species-specific calls over many years. Both monkeys reliably vocalized on command during juvenile periods, but discontinued this controlled vocal behavior in adulthood. This emerging disability was confined to volitional vocal production, as the monkeys continued to vocalize spontaneously. In addition, they continued to use hand movements as instructed responses during adulthood. This greater vocal flexibility of monkeys early in ontogeny supports the neoteny hypothesis in human evolution. This suggests that linguistic capabilities were enabled via an expansion of the juvenile period during the development of humans.

Primates and Cetaceans : Field research and conservation of complex mammalian societies

Abstract: Part 1: Social Ecology.- 1 How ecological conditions affect the abundance and social organization of folivorous monkeys.- 2 Dusky dolphins: Flexibility in foraging and social strategies.- 3 Socioecological flexibility of gorillas and chimpanzees.- 4 You are what you eat: Foraging specializations and their influence on the social organization and behaviour of killer whales.- 5 Japanese macaques: Habitat-driven divergence in social dynamics.- 6 Shark Bay bottlenose dolphins: A case study for defining and measuring sociality.- Part 2: Life History and Social Evolution.- 7 Female coexistence and competition in ringtailed lemurs: A review of a long-term study at Berenty, Madagascar.- 8 Social structure and life history of bottlenose dolphins near Sarasota Bay, Florida: Insights from four decades and five generations.- 9 Life history tactics in monkeys and apes: Focus on female dispersal species.- 10 Social conflict management in primates: Is there a case for dolphins?.- 11 Evolution of small-group territoriality in gibbons.- Part 3: Demography, Genetics, and Issues in Conservation.- 12 Northern muriqui monkeys: Behavior, demography, and conservation.- 13 Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins: A demographic perspective of a threatened species.- 14 Mountain gorillas: A shifting demographic landscape.- 15 Population genetics in the conservation of cetaceans and primates.- 16 Eco-toxicants: A growing global threat.- Part 4: Selected Topics in Comparative Behavior.- 17 Observing and quantifying cetacean behavior in the wild: Current problems, limitations and future directions.- 18 Social network analysis: Applications to primate and cetacean societies.- 19 Social touch in apes and dolphins.- 20 Non-conceptive sexual interactions in monkeys, apes, and toothed whales.- 21 A mix of species: Associations of heterospecifics among primates and dolphins.- BM Index.

High altitude primates

Abstract: High Altitude Prosimian Primates.- 1. Effects of Altitude on the Conservation Biogeography of Lemurs in South East Madagascar.- 2. Hibernation patterns of dwarf lemurs in the high altitude forests of eastern Madagascar.- 3. Altitudinal Distribution and Ranging Patterns of Pygmy Tarsiers (Tarsius pumilus).- High Altitude Monkeys.- 4. Biogeography and conservation of Andean primates in Peru.- 5. Population density and ecological traits of high land woolly monkeys at Cueva de los Guacharos National Park, Colombia.- 6. Seed Dispersal by Woolly Monkeys in Cueva de los Guacharos National Park (Colombia): An amazonian primate dispersing montane plants.- 7. Distribution and ecology of the most tropical of the high-elevation montane colobines: the ebony langur on Java.- 8. Snow tolerance of Japanese macaques inhabiting high-latitude mountainous forests of Japan.- 9. Seasonal and altitudinal migration of Japanese macaques in the Northern Japan Alps.- 10. Rhinopithecus bieti at Xiaochangdu, Tibet: Adaptations to a marginal environment.- 11. Nutritional implications of the high-elevation lifestyle of Rhinopithecus bieti.- 12. Variation in primate abundance along an elevational gradient in the Udzungwa.- 13. Deriving Conservation Status for a High Altitude Population: Golden Monkeys of Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, Uganda.- High Altitude Apes.- 14. High Altitude Diets: Implications for the Feeding and Nutritional Ecology of Mountain Gorillas.- 15. Preliminary data on the highland Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii) of Batang Toru.- 16. Modern Human Biological Adaptations to High-Altitude Environments in the Andean Archaeological Record.-17. High Altitude Primates, Extreme Primates, and Anthropological Primatology (There is More to Human Evolution than Tool Use, Culture, or African Apes).