scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Primate

About: Primate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1250 publications have been published within this topic receiving 67388 citations. The topic is also known as: the primate order & primates.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: CPC-1 and MAC-1 represent the first example in primates of analogous endogenous retroviruses isolated from two distantly related species and belong to the same class of genetically transmitted primate type C viruses, according to nucleic acid sequence homology.
Abstract: A new, genetically transmitted retrovirus has been isolated from the Old World monkey Colobus polykomos. This virus, designated CPC-1, is readily transmitted to both feline and human cells in culture. Nucleic acid hybridization studies reveal that there are 50-70 copies of the CPC-1 genome in colobus cellular DNA. Related virogene sequences can be detected in the DNA of all other Old World monkeys, as well as in the DNA of at least one ape species, the chimpanzee, indicating that this virus has been genetically transmitted in primates for 30-40 million years. CPC-1 is partially related to the type C virus previously isolated from stumptail monkeys (MAC-1). These two viruses have nucleic acid sequence homology, antigenic crossreactivity in their major viral structural protein, and a very similar host range in vitro. CPC-1 and MAC-1 therefore belong to the same class of genetically transmitted primate type C viruses and, as such, represent the first example in primates of analogous endogenous retroviruses isolated from two distantly related species.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: 2 potentially functional variants are identified, which are associated with social rank in cynomolgus monkeys and which correspond to a putative transcription factor-binding site, which suggests that the DAT gene has followed different evolutionary trajectories during primate speciation.
Abstract: Dopaminergic activity differs between socially dominant and subordinate monkeys, and in humans, it correlates significantly with extraversion, a trait analogous to social dominance in monkeys. Furthermore, concentrations of monoamine metabolites within the cerebrospinal fluid are highly heritable. Dopaminergic activity is modulated by the dopamine transporter (DAT), and the gene encoding this transporter is therefore an excellent candidate for studies aiming to identify variants of functional or evolutionary significance. However, the majority of such research has focused exclusively on the human homologue and its most common polymorphism, a functional variable number tandem repeat in the 3' untranslated region. Cross-species comparisons provide valuable insights into genome evolution, speciation, and selection mechanisms and may highlight sites of evolutionary significance. To date, however, no comprehensive studies of the DAT gene have been performed simultaneously on multiple primate species. We therefore characterized sequence variation and extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) across the DAT genes of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and humans. We identified 2 potentially functional variants, which are associated with social rank in cynomolgus monkeys and which correspond to a putative transcription factor-binding site. Although highly conserved across mammals, the DAT gene differs significantly between humans and macaques in levels of sequence variation and LD structure, with the monkeys displaying up to 3 times more sequence variability and significantly less LD than humans. This suggests that the DAT gene has followed different evolutionary trajectories during primate speciation.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
05 Feb 2018-Gene
TL;DR: It is proposed that the acquisition of a novel non-VNO-related function(s) may have led to the survival of a small but persistent number of V1Rs in anthropoid primates.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that humans are not unique in anterior cranial base growth at PSept, as it is patent in all newborn primates and suggest that the PSept acts as a “pacemaker” of longitudinal facial growth in mammals with relatively long snouts, but may also contribute to facial height and produce a relatively taller midface in anthropoid primates.
Abstract: Integration of the sphenoid and ethmoid bones during early postnatal development is poorly described in the literature. A uniquely prolonged patency of sphenoethmoidal synchondrosis, or prespheno-septal synchondrosis (PSept) has been attributed to humans. However, the sphenoethmoidal junction has not been studied using a comparative primate sample. Here, we examined development of the sphenoethmoidal interface using ontogenetic samples of Old and New World monkeys, strepsirrhine primates (lemurs and lorises), and a comparative sample of other mammals. Specimens ranging from late fetal to one month postnatal age were studied using histology, immunohistochemistry, and micro-computed tomography methods. Our results demonstrate that humans are not unique in anterior cranial base growth at PSept, since it is patent in all newborn primates. We found two distinctions within our sample. First, nearly all primates exhibit an earlier breakdown of the nasal capsule cartilage that abuts the orbitosphenoid when compared to non-primates. This may facilitate earlier postnatal integration of the basicranium and midface and may enhance morphological plasticity in the region. Second, the PSept exhibits a basic dichotomy between strepsirrhines and monkeys. In strepsirrhines, the PSept has proliferating chondrocytes that are primarily oriented in a longitudinal plane, as in other mammals. In contrast, monkeys have a convex anterior end of the presphenoid with a radial boundary of cartilaginous growth at PSept. Our findings suggest that the PSept acts as a "pacemaker" of longitudinal facial growth in mammals with relatively long snouts, but may also contribute to facial height and produce a relatively taller midface in anthropoid primates. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

24 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of this study indicate a prominent seasonal variation in testicular spermatogenic/Leydig cells in rhesus monkeys than those observed in bonnet monkeys.
Abstract: With a view to elucidate seasonal variations in testicular spermatogenesis, quantitative analysis of spermatogenic cells was carried out in non-human primate species viz. rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and bonnet (M. radiata) monkeys during breeding (October-December) and non-breeding (May-June) seasons. The results revealed significant inhibition of testicular germ cell population during non-breeding compared with the breeding period in both the species. Quantitative determination of Sertoli cell-germ cell ratio showed a marked decrease in the number of type A-spermatogonia, spermatocytes (non-pachytene and pachytene) and spermatids (in steps 1-12 of spermiogenesis) in rhesus monkey during the non-breeding period. Bonnet monkeys exhibited the significant decline in the number of primary spermatocytes and spermatids during the non-breeding phase. In addition, average diameter of round seminiferous tubules and nuclear diameter of Leydig cells also decreased significantly in rhesus monkeys. However, bonnet monkeys did not show any significant change in nuclear diameter/morphology of Leydig cells, testicular tubular diameter and number of type A-spermatogoniae. Sertoli cell number did not show any significant change during both breeding and non-breeding periods in both the species. The results of this study indicate a prominent seasonal variation in testicular spermatogenic/Leydig cells in rhesus monkeys than those observed in bonnet monkeys.

24 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Offspring
26.6K papers, 874.3K citations
76% related
Animal ecology
30.8K papers, 1M citations
76% related
Visual cortex
18.8K papers, 1.2M citations
76% related
Foraging
19.8K papers, 708.7K citations
76% related
Natural selection
9.2K papers, 659.9K citations
76% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023296
2022585
202133
202033
201930
201842