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Primate

About: Primate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1250 publications have been published within this topic receiving 67388 citations. The topic is also known as: the primate order & primates.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There is substantial variation in the molecular clock between apes and monkeys and that rates even differ within hominines, and not only the total rate, but also the mutational spectrum, varies among primates, suggesting that events in primate evolution are most reliably dated using CpG transitions.
Abstract: Events in primate evolution are often dated by assuming a constant rate of substitution per unit time, but the validity of this assumption remains unclear. Among mammals, it is well known that there exists substantial variation in yearly substitution rates. Such variation is to be expected from differences in life history traits, suggesting it should also be found among primates. Motivated by these considerations, we analyze whole genomes from 10 primate species, including Old World Monkeys (OWMs), New World Monkeys (NWMs), and apes, focusing on putatively neutral autosomal sites and controlling for possible effects of biased gene conversion and methylation at CpG sites. We find that substitution rates are up to 64% higher in lineages leading from the hominoid–NWM ancestor to NWMs than to apes. Within apes, rates are ∼2% higher in chimpanzees and ∼7% higher in the gorilla than in humans. Substitution types subject to biased gene conversion show no more variation among species than those not subject to it. Not all mutation types behave similarly, however; in particular, transitions at CpG sites exhibit a more clocklike behavior than do other types, presumably because of their nonreplicative origin. Thus, not only the total rate, but also the mutational spectrum, varies among primates. This finding suggests that events in primate evolution are most reliably dated using CpG transitions. Taking this approach, we estimate the human and chimpanzee divergence time is 12.1 million years,​ and the human and gorilla divergence time is 15.1 million years​.

178 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is found that both howler and capuchin populations increased substantially in size subsequent to protection, but the howler population grew faster, likely due to their faster-paced life-history pattern than that of capuchins.
Abstract: Few data exist on how primate populations return to regenerating tropical forests. We compare the ways that two populations of neotropical monkeys, Alouatta palliata and Cebus capucinus, expanded over a 28-year period after the establishment of Santa Rosa National Park on reclaimed ranchlands in Costa Rica. We found that both howler and capuchin populations increased substantially in size subsequent to protection, but the howler population grew faster. This is likely due to their faster-paced life-history pattern than that of capuchins. The howler population increased mainly via the establishment of many new groups, whereas the capuchins expanded mainly by increasing the size of existing groups. We related this finding to the fact that capuchins are limited largely by their need to drink from water holes during the dry seasons whereas howlers are limited principally by their preference for largersized trees that occur in older forests. Proportions of adult male capuchins increased significantly during our study, likely due to skewed sex ratio at birth or male-biased immigration into the protected park or both factors. Our main finding is that, in as short a time period as 28 years, we can substantially enhance the size of monkey populations by allowing the regeneration of tropical forest. Furthermore, we provide a preliminary interpretation of how extrinsic factors—deforestation, hunting, crop-spraying, destruction of the watershed— and intrinsic variables, e.g., pace of reproduction; diet, differentially affect not only each species’ vulnerability to extinction but also its capacity to recover when human disturbances are minimized.

175 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The finding of a recognition impairment with age is in parallel with studies of normal human aging and lends support to the notion that the rhesus monkey is a suitable animal model of human aging.

173 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Different primate species, including humans, have evolved by a repeated branching of lineages, some of which have become extinct, and the problem of determining the relationships among cortical areas within the brains of the surviving branches is difficult.

170 citations

Book
01 Dec 1998
TL;DR: Primates as predators and as prey an African forest the hunters chimpanzees as predators red colobus monkeys as prey before the attack confrontation the impact of predation why do chimpanzees hunt?
Abstract: Primates as predators and as prey an African forest the hunters chimpanzees as predators red colobus monkeys as prey before the attack confrontation the impact of predation why do chimpanzees hunt? predation and primate social systems conclusion appendices - additional data on predator-prey ecology.

167 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023296
2022585
202133
202033
201930
201842