Topic
Primate
About: Primate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1250 publications have been published within this topic receiving 67388 citations. The topic is also known as: the primate order & primates.
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TL;DR: The results suggest that differential endocrine responsiveness to novelty is an important physiological concomitant to previously described differences between squirrel monkeys and titi monkeys in their characteristic modes of relating to the environment.
87 citations
TL;DR: Evaluated temporal preferences in capuchin monkeys, South-American primates that, despite splitting off from human lineage approximately 35 million years ago, show striking behavioural analogies with the great apes, shed light on the evolutionary origins of self-control supporting explanations of delay tolerance in terms of feeding ecology.
87 citations
01 Jan 1998
TL;DR: For over a century it has been known that primates have highly mobile grasping forelimbs with the supportive functions shifted more strongly to the hindlimbs, unlike most mammals where all four limbs share a fairly equal role in weight support.
Abstract: For over a century it has been known that primates have highly mobile grasping forelimbs with the supportive functions shifted more strongly to the hindlimbs, unlike most mammals where all four limbs share a fairly equal role in weight support. Darwin (1871) was the first to recognize this distinction between forelimb and hindlimbs and to articulate its evolutionary significance. Since that point many researchers have developed theories of primate locomotor evolution that suggest that the amount of compressive weight support experienced by the forelimb of primates was gradually reduced thus facilitating the use of the forelimb in tension and then allowing its complete removal from locomotion in humans (Wood Jones, 1926; Le Gros Clark, 1959; Napier and Davis, 1959; Napier, 1967; Stern, 1976; Ripley, 1979; Reynolds, 1981, 1985a,b; Cant, 1988; Rose, 1991). Fundamental to this scenario is the belief that the change in the role of the primate forelimb is directly related to adaptations to arboreal quadrupedalism by primates.
86 citations
TL;DR: The results are compatible with a homologous organization of the prefrontal cortex in New and Old World monkeys, and suggest significant parallels between the present pathways, revealed by tract-tracing, and networks revealed by functional connectivity analysis in Old World monkey and humans.
Abstract: Contemporary studies recognize 3 distinct cytoarchitectural and functional areas within the Brodmann area 8 complex, in the caudal prefrontal cortex: 8b, 8aD, and 8aV. Here, we report on the quantitative characteristics of the cortical projections to these areas, using injections of fluorescent tracers in marmoset monkeys. Area 8b was distinct from both 8aD and 8aV due to its connections with medial prefrontal, anterior cingulate, superior temporal polysensory, and ventral midline/retrosplenial areas. In contrast, areas 8aD and 8aV received the bulk of the projections from posterior parietal cortex and dorsal midline areas. In the frontal lobe, area 8aV received projections primarily from ventrolateral areas, while both 8aD and 8b received dense inputs from areas on the dorsolateral surface. Whereas area 8aD received the most significant auditory projections, these were relatively sparse, in comparison with those previously reported in macaques. Finally, area 8aV was distinct from both 8aD and 8b by virtue of its widespread input from the extrastriate visual areas. These results are compatible with a homologous organization of the prefrontal cortex in New and Old World monkeys, and suggest significant parallels between the present pathways, revealed by tract-tracing, and networks revealed by functional connectivity analysis in Old World monkeys and humans.
86 citations
TL;DR: A nearly complete skeleton of a robust-bodied New World monkey that resembles living spider monkeys was recovered from undisturbed Pleistocene deposits in the Brazilian state of Bahia, indicating that New World monkeys nearly twice the size of those living today were part of the mammalian biomass of southern Amazonia in the late Pleistsocene.
Abstract: A nearly complete skeleton of a robust-bodied New World monkey that resembles living spider monkeys was recovered from undisturbed Pleistocene deposits in the Brazilian state of Bahia. The skeleton displays the highly specialized postcranial pattern typical of spider and woolly spider monkeys and shares cranial similarities to the spider monkey exclusively. It is generically distinct on the basis of its robustness (>20 kg) and on the shape of its braincase. This new genus indicates that New World monkeys nearly twice the size of those living today were part of the mammalian biomass of southern Amazonia in the late Pleistocene. The discovery of this specimen expands the known adaptive diversity of New World monkeys and demonstrates that they underwent body size expansion in the terminal Pleistocene, as did many other types of mammals.
86 citations