Topic
Primate
About: Primate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1250 publications have been published within this topic receiving 67388 citations. The topic is also known as: the primate order & primates.
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TL;DR: Findings support other research indicating that psychologic and nutritional aspects of the early rearing environment may have long-lasting effects on some, but not all, immune responses in the developing infant.
Abstract: The influence of early rearing conditions on immunologic development was investigated in infant monkeys. Lymphocyte proliferation, natural killer cell activity, and antibody responses to tetanus vaccination were compared in 30 rhesus monkeys reared under five different conditions. Lymphocyte responses to two mitogens (concanavalin A and pokeweed) were significantly increased in infants from disturbed rearing conditions compared with control infants that had been reared in an undisturbed manner by their mothers. The largest increases occurred in nursery-reared monkeys that had been fed Similac infant formula. The nursery-reared monkeys also tended to show lower natural killer cell activity, but there were no significant differences in response to vaccination. These findings support other research indicating that psychologic and nutritional aspects of the early rearing environment may have long-lasting effects on some, but not all, immune responses in the developing infant.
50 citations
TL;DR: Examination of rates of nucleotide substitution in the three major extant primate clades show that anthropoids have a slower substitution rate than either strepsirrhines or tarsiers, which provides the framework on which primate morphological, reproductive, and genomic features can be reconstructed in the broader context of mammalian phylogeny.
50 citations
TL;DR: Immediate type hypersensitivity to Ascaris occurs in certain rhesus monkeys, probably the result of cross-reactive antibodies directed against other nematodes following natural exposure to the latter.
50 citations
TL;DR: This study shows that A. pigra is not highly sexually dimorphic as was once thought, and testes size differences suggest the need for a clearer understanding of howler monkey social systems.
Abstract: One of the goals of physical anthropology and primatology is to understand how primate social sys- tems influence the evolution of sexually selected traits. Howler monkeys provide a good model for studying sex- ual selection due to differences in social systems between related species. Here, we examine data from the sister howler monkey species Alouatta palliata and A. pigra inhabiting southeastern Mexico and northern Guatemala. We use a resampling approach to analyze differences in sexual dimorphism of body and canine size. In addition, we compare testes size as a way of gauging the intensity of sperm competition in both species. Morphometric data were collected from wild-caught individuals, including body mass and length, and dental data were obtained from casts from wild individuals and from museum speci- mens. Although A. pigra individuals are larger than their A. palliata counterparts, we find that both species exhibit similar levels of sexual dimorphism for all of the variables considered. Testicular volume results indicate that A. pal- liata male testes are on average twice as large as those of A. pigra males, suggesting more intense sperm competi- tion in the former species. Our study shows that A. pigra is not highly sexually dimorphic as was once thought, and testes size differences suggest the need for a clearer understanding of howler monkey social systems. Am J Phys Anthropol 146:179-187, 2011. V C 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
50 citations
TL;DR: This study indicates that suffixation is an evolved function in primate communication in contexts where adaptive responses are particularly important.
Abstract: Compared to humans, non-human primates have very little control over their vocal production. Nonetheless, some primates produce various call combinations, which may partially offset their lack of acoustic flexibility. A relevant example is male Campbell's monkeys (Cercopithecus campbelli), which give one call type ('Krak') to leopards, while the suffixed version of the same call stem ('Krak-oo') is given to unspecific danger. To test whether recipients attend to this suffixation pattern, we carried out a playback experiment in which we broadcast naturally and artificially modified suffixed and unsuffixed 'Krak' calls of male Campbell's monkeys to 42 wild groups of Diana monkeys (Cercopithecus diana diana). The two species form mixed-species groups and respond to each other's vocalizations. We analysed the vocal response of male and female Diana monkeys and overall found significantly stronger vocal responses to unsuffixed (leopard) than suffixed (unspecific danger) calls. Although the acoustic structure of the 'Krak' stem of the calls has some additional effects, subject responses were mainly determined by the presence or the absence of the suffix. This study indicates that suffixation is an evolved function in primate communication in contexts where adaptive responses are particularly important.
50 citations