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Primate

About: Primate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1250 publications have been published within this topic receiving 67388 citations. The topic is also known as: the primate order & primates.


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Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: The owl monkey is the only anthropoid primate which has exploited a nocturnal niche and in this respect it has proven extremely successful and in the author’s experience these animals are readily distinguishable from other owl monkey phenotypes.
Abstract: The owl monkey is the only anthropoid primate which has exploited a nocturnal niche and in this respect it has proven extremely successful It occurs in Northern Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela, which represents the widest distribution range of any South American monkey Throughout this range, various populations of owl monkeys exhibit considerable genetic diversity Reumer and De Boer1 have defined seven karyomorphs for the owl monkey, with diploid numbers ranging from 46 to 56 Ma et al 2 describe four phenotypes for the genus based on differences in the pelage of animals captured in various parts of South America The taxonomic significance of these variations remains a matter of dispute and is beyond the scope of this review All the observations on captive owl monkeys reported here refer to the Colombian subspecies (Plate I: Aotus trivirgatus griseimembra)3,4 which belongs to phenotype B in Ma et al’s scheme These monkeys have diploid chromosome numbers of 52, 53 or 54 and one specimen with a diploid number of 46 has been described Naturally occurring “hybrids” between such animals have been studied by Yunis et al 5 The sexes are of equal size and general appearance (Plate I) and adults weight about 1 kilogramme (males N = 20, mean weight ± standard deviation = 1009 ± 200g; females N = 16, mean weight = 923 ± 63g) The pelage is greyish brown dorsally and the ventrum is pale yellow In the author’s experience these animals are readily distinguishable from other owl monkey phenotypes

50 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1985-Primates
TL;DR: An evaluation of the reliability of the Emotions Profile Index (EPI), primate form, was carried out using two captive species of Old World monkeys and two species of New World monkeys.
Abstract: An evaluation of the reliability of the Emotions Profile Index (EPI), primate form, was carried out using two captive species of Old World monkeys (Papio hamadryas andMacaca fuscata) and two species (?) of New World monkeys (Saimiri sciureus andS. boliviensis). Observers, some familiar with the animals and some unfamiliar, rated members of the four groups at different times. Inter-rater reliability was high for most members of all species, but only when the observers were familiar with the animals. Assessments remained stable over at least one year.

49 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: A study conducted on 82 rhesus monkeys with total bilateral ablation of the striate cortex revealed a wide repertoire of visual functions retained or recovered after surgery, and demonstrated the critical role assumed by various structures in the absence of Striate cortex.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter presents a detailed account of a study conducted on 82 rhesus monkeys with total bilateral ablation of the striate cortex This study revealed a wide repertoire of visual functions retained or recovered after surgery The lateral geniculate nuclei of the destriated monkeys contained viable neurons that were identified as local circuit interneurons with ubiquitous membrane properties for developing presynaptic sites at any region of the cell surface The results of additional lesions demonstrated the critical role assumed by various structures in the absence of striate cortex The primate striate cortex has a preeminent role in all types of visual functions, with the exception of pupillary and blink reactions Some sort of reorganization must occur in other structures after striate resections These studies have influenced significantly the search for residual capacities in humans with lesions of the geniculostriate system, which have revealed a retention or recovery similar to that shown by experimentally damaged monkeys

49 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings suggest an increased cortisol biosynthetic efficiency in the squirrel monkey, examined by measuring the activity of four adrenal microsomal enzymes.
Abstract: The squirrel monkey, a New World primate, has plasma cortisol levels roughly 12 times those in Old World primates, such as the cynomolgus monkey, and man. Two mechanisms are possible to maintain this high plasma cortisol level: an increased cortisol production rate (PR) and a decreased cortisol MCR. The cortisol MCR in the squirrel monkey is half that in the cynomolgus monkey [65 ± 3 vs. 123 ± 3 liters/M2- day (mean ± SE), respectively; P < 0.001]. The cortisol PR, however, is 6 times higher in the squirrel monkey than in the cynomolgus monkey (199 ± 21 vs. 32 ± 6 mg/M2• day; P< 0.001). The mild adrenal gland enlargement of the squirrel monkey (320 ± 22 us. 197 ± 10 mg adrenal/kg BW in the cynomolgus monkey; P < 0.001) does not appear to account entirely for the 6-fold increase in the cortisol PR. These findings suggest an increased cortisol biosynthetic efficiency in the squirrel monkey. This was examined by measuring the activity of four adrenal microsomal enzymes. 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomer...

49 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is found that trichromats eat reddish, conspicuous fruits more quickly than do dichromatic (red-green colorblind) groupmates, and fruit foraging plays an important role in the maintenance of primate opsin polymorphism via balancing selection.
Abstract: Intraspecific color vision variation is prevalent among nearly all diurnal monkeys in the neotropics and is seemingly a textbook case of balancing selection acting to maintain genetic polymorphism. Clear foraging advantages to monkeys with trichromatic vision over those with dichromatic "red-green colorblind" vision have been observed in captive studies; however, evidence of trichromatic advantage during close-range foraging has been surprisingly scarce in field studies, perhaps as a result of small sample sizes and strong impacts of environmental or individual variation on foraging performance. To robustly test the effects of color vision type on foraging efficiency in the wild, we conducted an extensive study of dichromatic and trichromatic white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus imitator), controlling for plant-level and monkey-level variables that may affect fruit intake rates. Over the course of 14 months, we collected behavioral data from 72 monkeys in Sector Santa Rosa, Costa Rica. We analyzed 19,043 fruit feeding events within 1,602 foraging bouts across 27 plant species. We find that plant species, color conspicuity category, and monkey age class significantly impact intake rates, while sex does not. When plant species and age are controlled for, we observe that trichromats have higher intake rates than dichromats for plant species with conspicuously colored fruits. This study provides clear evidence of trichromatic advantage in close-range fruit feeding in wild monkeys. Taken together with previous reports of dichromatic advantage for finding cryptic foods, our results illuminate an important aspect of balancing selection maintaining primate opsin polymorphism.

48 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023296
2022585
202133
202033
201930
201842