Showing papers on "Product design specification published in 1988"

Engineering for Quality

Abstract: Through continual improvement in the satisfaction of customer needs and expectations, Japanese manufacturers have set new standards in product specification, quality, and reliability and nowhere more so than in the international automotive markets where there is recognition of best-in-world status. In response to the challenge, manufacturing companies in the West and in particular those with international market perspectives, have initiated a process of change that commits to a different approach to quality. The reinforcement of quality control procedures driven by design specifications to which all manufacturing processes must be made to conform, is being displaced by the need for change in the operation of all functions within the company, including those less obviously associated with quality in the end product. Total quality is a philosophy that lays the ground for revisions to the management of the entire production process and creates the conditions for the establishment of a common purpose.

Requirement and Design Specification for Distributed Systems

Abstract: A formal framework for the requirement specification and design specification of distributed systems is outlined. It includes the definition of relations between requirement specifications and design specifications which lead to veritification conditions.

Technological standards for research-intensive product groups and international competitiveness

Abstract: Summary The paper presents a quantitative model for the assessment of technological standards, which is applied to a sample of data compiled in 1986 comparing technical specifications of R&D-intensive product groups of US, Japanese, and West German origin. The merits and the limitations of this model as well as of comparable concepts and approaches published within the last few years are discussed in a systematic manner. It is found that few of the previously published concepts aim at a quantitative comparison of solely technological specifications on the level of national economies. The ‘technometric’ model introduced in this paper therefore attempts to fill an analytical gap. Technological disparities and national technological standards are presented in the fields of lasers, industrial robots, sensors, photovoltaic modules, immobilized biocatalysts, and genetically engineered drugs. Instead of selecting R&D-intensive products from controversial ‘High Technology’ lists, specified trade subclasses are related to the corresponding technological product specifications for selected and more precisely defined products. Time series up to 1985 for the relative export-import indicator RCA (‘revealed comparative advantage’) for West Germany versus the United States, Japan, and several other countries (depending on the technology under consideration) are discussed and the quantitative findings are characterized by the different competitive positions held by these countries. Finally, trade positions are related to technological standards. Despite the limitations of the technical and economic indicator concepts one arrives at the conclusion that the factor ‘technology’, and thus applied R&D output, seems to be a very important one when interpreting international competitiveness. Other factors, such as trade barriers, management ability, and exchange rates probably cannot compensate for technological disparities. But the correspondence of disaggregated trade classes and technologies remains a serious problem. For the six technological fields indicated above these shortcomings and classification problems are discussed, and hence the requirements for future data bases and future scientific work in the field of technical and economic indicators are sketched.

Processing instruction device for semiconductor single crystal ingot

Abstract: PURPOSE:To carry out an automatic production control for a working process simultaneously with an estimation of a suitable cutting position in advance and output of a cutting instruction so as to assure quality characteristics by feeding in sequence an ingot formation specification, a product aquisition instruction, and a sample inspection result to an electric computer for storage. CONSTITUTION:A crane 1, shelves 2, a carrier line 3, an externals grinding machine for an ingot processing 4, peripheral cutter 5, and a product cutter 6 for shaping products into a final product specification are arranged at a workshop. An ingot formation specification input device 7 as well as an ingot- oriented product aquisition input apparatus 8 are arranged so as process production control data. Further, a sample inspection result input apparatus 9 is placed at clean chamber and the above apparatuses 1-9 are connected to a computer for control 10. Ingots are fed to respective processing machines 4-6 after carried in or out by the crane 1 and carrier line 3. When product specifications do not satisfy conditions after comparison of the inspection results with product standards stored previously, the processing instruction is estimated again on the basis of sample data to conduct the processing.

Product design logic for an intelligent product modelling system

Abstract: Recent research in CAD systems has been conducted to realize intelligent processing. Several CAD systems and product modelling systems have been developed using AI techniques. However, in order to develop more intelligent CAD systems, the design logic which connects the functional requirement to the geometric and the technological information of the designed product must be evaluated. A product model used in such intelligent CAD systems has to include not only the geometric and the technological information of the product but also the designer's thought process which explains the design logic. Design logic is generally divided into two parts. One is the generalized design logic which is commonly used in the conceptual design of mechanical products. The other is the product specified design logic which is used in the fundamental and detailed design phase. Different logic is applied to each product. This type of design logic is often used in modification design and compilation design, where the dimensions of parts have to be modified according to different functional requirements. When the dimensions and accuracies of the products are defined in connection with the functional requirements through design logic, the CAD system can automatically make decisions according to the given requirements. In this paper, suitable presentation formats and processing functions for these two types of design logic are discussed. The importance of design logic in product modelling is proven through several case studies in this paper. As a conclusion, the intelligent product modelling system is developed, which should expedite the progress of design automation in the near future. In conceptual design, the design logic is processed in the modelling system and the product structure, with the technological information decided automatically from the functional requirement. Automation in the detailed design phase is also facilitated by the modelling system using the product specified design logic in the product model.

Requirements and design specification of distributed systems: the lift problem

Abstract: The author proposes a stepwise refinement through several levels of abstracting the design of distribution programs in a formal setting. A requirement specification is formulated, and a design specification is given and proved to guarantee the properties formulated in the requirement specification. On the basis of the design specification an abstract program is derived and proved. More machine-oriented optimized versions are obtained. >

Methodbases and product models as bases for integrated design and manufacturing

Abstract: Modelbases and product models are essential for integrated data processing in a company. Design data, process planning data and administrative data have to be put together to give a pool of information for one particular product. Therefore the existing CAD/CAM-systems have to be increased concerning their capabilities of storing and retrieving product information and their functional equipment and efficiency. The paper describes the concepts and first results of a methodbase system and the included product models.

Integrating online information with software products

Abstract: The author describes some of her experiences in developing online information that is integrated with a software product. She discusses (1) the definition of the product's user interface by the information developer's, (2) the development of windowed and field-sensitive help for a mainframe product, and (3) the prototyping of online help with the product's user interface. She concludes that her experiences indicate how development of online information can be more fully integrated with the development of the entire software product and result in a more usable product. >

Comments, Conclusions and Further Research

Abstract: The research described in this book was initially commenced as a consequence of the various published Western perceptions that Soviet product quality was generally lower than that encountered in the West (see Chapter 1), although much of the evidence advanced for such perceptions was itself largely based on secondary information in published reports rather than primary data on product specification and performance. The causes of these perceived views of the ‘quality gap’ existing between Soviet and Western products has been ascribed to a number of factors operating in the Soviet economy such as the strong seller’s market created by tight central planning, skill shortages, and management styles caused by the output-related incentive scheme originally introduced for rapid economic growth in the 1930s. This mix of economic, technical, social and political factors which have historically influenced Soviet industry are supposed to have exerted a generally negative effect on product quality when compared with Western systemic factors, in the civilian sector at least. The aims of this research, therefore, have been threefold, namely to seek to identify whether a Soviet product ‘quality gap’ exists, and if so, how it can be measured; and thirdly to survey the major programmes and procedures used in the USSR for quality stabilisation and improvement to determine those systemic factors which may be strengthening product quality in the USSR.