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Showing papers on "Product design specification published in 2018"


Journal ArticleDOI
Fei Tao1, Jiangfeng Cheng1, Qinglin Qi1, Meng Zhang1, He Zhang1, Fangyuan Sui1 
TL;DR: In this paper, a new method for product design, manufacturing, and service driven by digital twin is proposed, and three cases are given to illustrate the future applications of digital twin in three phases of a product respectively.
Abstract: Nowadays, along with the application of new-generation information technologies in industry and manufacturing, the big data-driven manufacturing era is coming. However, although various big data in the entire product lifecycle, including product design, manufacturing, and service, can be obtained, it can be found that the current research on product lifecycle data mainly focuses on physical products rather than virtual models. Besides, due to the lack of convergence between product physical and virtual space, the data in product lifecycle is isolated, fragmented, and stagnant, which is useless for manufacturing enterprises. These problems lead to low level of efficiency, intelligence, sustainability in product design, manufacturing, and service phases. However, physical product data, virtual product data, and connected data that tie physical and virtual product are needed to support product design, manufacturing, and service. Therefore, how to generate and use converged cyber-physical data to better serve product lifecycle, so as to drive product design, manufacturing, and service to be more efficient, smart, and sustainable, is emphasized and investigated based on our previous study on big data in product lifecycle management. In this paper, a new method for product design, manufacturing, and service driven by digital twin is proposed. The detailed application methods and frameworks of digital twin-driven product design, manufacturing, and service are investigated. Furthermore, three cases are given to illustrate the future applications of digital twin in the three phases of a product respectively.

1,571 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a multi-attribute utility theory is utilized to formulate combination of the customer's opinions and make a trade-off between different groups of customer requirements in the final model.
Abstract: The decisions made during product development (PD) lock in 70–80 % of total product cost, and the quality of the product is also largely fixed. Therefore, these decisions have a great influence on product life cycle cost, quality, and sustainability. To improve such decisions, designers need to make high-level trade-offs among various criteria to see their effects. Therefore, developing a model to support trade-offs for sustainable product development is a significant concern for designers. This research attempts to consider sustainability, quality, and cost simultaneously to make trade-offs between environmental issues and other customer requirements to select the best design specifications on their basis. Sustainability is considered as a customer requirement, which then is translated into design specifications. In this study, sustainable design is treated as an optimization problem to maximize value-added activities while minimizing environmental effects. Multi-attribute utility theory is utilized in order to formulate combination of the customer’s opinions and make a trade-off between different groups of customer requirements in the final model. An optimization model is then defined to model sustainability, quality, and cost in the product development process in order to find the optimum level of their combination thereof. By using this model, designers need not select between different solutions since they can find the optimal solution. A case study is illustrated and the results are discussed.

70 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyse the modifications affecting European Union (EU) Protected Designation of Origin-Protected Geographical Indication (GI) and identify the factors explaining the probability to amend product specifications.
Abstract: Purpose The protection of Geographical Indications (GIs) supports producers to define common quality standards while highlighting the geographical origin of food products with specific qualities. Adaptations of quality standards are driven by international competition, new production technologies or environmental change. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the modifications affecting European Union (EU) Protected Designation of Origin-Protected Geographical Indication. It specifically compares the share of amendments in diverse product class, years and countries, illustrates specific cases and identifies the factors explaining the probability to amend product specifications. Design/methodology/approach Official documents of the DOOR Database provide the material for an analysis of changes in product specifications. They also supply the data for four illustrative cheese cases and a logistic regression of all EU amendments. Findings Amendments of GI product specifications are very frequent: 17 per cent of all 1,276 EU GIs had at least one amendment. This happens in particular for processed products (42 per cent more often than for unprocessed ones) and specific countries (GIs in Italy are six times, Spain five times and France four times more likely to have an amendment compared to GIs from other EU countries). As illustrated by contrasting cheese amendments, the diverse modifications in the product specifications range from more flexibility and innovation on the one hand to stricter rules for strengthening the product’s identity on the other hand. Originality/value For EU and national authorities, GI producers and scholars, this first systematic EU-wide analysis of amendments demonstrates that protected food GIs have to be conceptualised as evolving institutions and not as statically protected food production systems.

36 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A conceptual frame work was developed in which ICT solutions are offered to help address the barriers to supply chain integration, thus reducing the overall risk exposure due to externalities and problems of agency.
Abstract: To access new markets and improve sourcing practices small to medium sized manufacturing companies (SMEs) increasingly seek suppliers and customers in distant countries. Yet these new relationships with global partners often pose problems of an agency nature. The purpose of this paper is to directly address these challenges through the proposal of an information and communication technology (ICT)-based framework.,There has been very little research into how lead SMEs manage their global supply chains and the challenges they face. This paper uses a case study investigation to analyze how four French SMEs – final assemblers of machinery in the farming and agri-business sector – manage their international supply chains.,It was observed that the relationships and interactions between the SMEs and their immediate upstream and downstream partners were dominated by the agency problem and fell into six distinct categories (termed “barriers” to effective supply integration), namely; asymmetries, contractual design, supplier dependence, product specifications, supply chain complexity and performance monitoring.,The contribution of this paper is that a conceptual frame work was developed in which ICT solutions are offered to help address the barriers to supply chain integration, thus reducing the overall risk exposure due to externalities and problems of agency.

25 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A 3D master document utilizing PDF techniques is introduced, which fulfills requirements for electronic discovery and enables multi-domain collaboration and long-term data retention for the digital enterprise.

23 citations


Book
17 Mar 2018
TL;DR: It is argued that open standards with wide participation are the key to the realization of PLM support systems with both syntactic and semantic interoperability through well defined standards.
Abstract: A major challenge of any product engineering project is to support the creation, exchange, management and archival of information about product, process, people and services across the networked and extended enterprise covering the entire product lifecycle spectrum. An information support system for Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) requires a move from product data exchange to product information and knowledge exchange across different disciplines and domains. PLM support systems will need to have both syntactic and semantic interoperability of computer systems and people through well defined standards. We begin this paper with a model of communication between two agents and then extend this model to describe the information flows in PLM so as to serve as the basis for understanding the role of standards for PLM support systems. Support of PLM requires a set of complementary and interoperable standards that cover the various aspects of PLM. We identify an initial typology of standards relevant to PLM support. The typology primarily addresses the hierarchy of existing and evolving standards and their usage. The typology identifies a suite of complementary standards supporting the exchange of product, process, operations and supply chain information. Given the nature of the task of developing and deploying a set of standards for PLM support systems, we argue that open standards with wide participation are the key to their realization.

22 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A framework and associated method for product features characterization and customers’ preference prediction based on online product purchase data is proposed and the customers preferred specifications, features and their combinations are predicted for development of new products.

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effectiveness and the feasibility of the proposed method are verified by a case study via the development of an electric multiple unit (EMU)’s bogie, in which KDCs can be determined by two related phases.
Abstract: Key design characteristics (KDCs) are important information related to the product and part designs, which significantly influence on the product’s functions, performances, and quality. Identifying KDCs for a complex product will help designers to focus on key design parameters during the design process and rapidly obtain design schemes based on their close relationships to the product’s functions, performances, and quality. Although there are some researches on key characteristic (KC) identification, most of them are focused on key process characteristics (KPCs) and few on KDCs. There also lacks a KDC identification framework to support KDC identification with better completeness and diverse usages. Adaptive design is the most important pattern of complex product design. Therefore, this paper presents a systematic method to identify KDCs for complex product adaptive design, in which KDCs can be determined by two related phases. Firstly, a product design specification (PDS)-KDC Candidates Network (PKCN) is constructed by using existing product instance data, cluster analysis, KC flow-down, and network analysis approaches. Then, the result from the first phase is used as a basis to identify KDCs for adaptive design. Three KDC identification techniques: similarity reasoning technique, breadth-first search (BFS), and the gray relational analysis approach are applied to find out KDCs from the PKCN, which are the most sensitive to the variation of a PDS. These identified KDCs can help designers to understand the relationships between KDCs and PDS and rapidly develop a design scheme. The effectiveness and the feasibility of the proposed method are verified by a case study via the development of an electric multiple unit (EMU)’s bogie.

19 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A two-stage stochastic mixed integer linear programming model is presented that integrates the selection of new product designs and processing technologies in a supply chain context and shows that flexible technologies are selected that can be used to produce different product designs.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The paper aims to specify a methodology for carrying out a gap analysis of PLM with the scope of discovering existing technological and methodological gaps, and planning actions for improvement.
Abstract: Product lifecycle management (PLM) is a strategic and holistic approach for the management of information, processes, and resources supporting the entire product lifecycle from concept to disposal. Several systems are available to manage data and information during the lifecycle. A PLM system does not have to be considered as a unique solution, but as a set of software supporting different perspectives and activities related to the lifecycle management. A full comprehensive implementation of PLM systems is rare. Since PLM reflects the peculiarities of processes and data structures, implementation differences are evidently observable among companies. The design of methods and tools supporting an assessment of PLM implementation inside a company can enable a correct definition of PLM strategies and goals. Based on these premises, the paper aims to specify a methodology for carrying out a gap analysis of PLM with the scope of discovering existing technological and methodological gaps, and planning actions for improvement. The proposed methodology implements a visual and lean reference model, and an assessment questionnaire for data collection. Lesson learned and feedback from three industrial applications are also described and discussed.

17 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper addresses the classification problem of partitioning operations to provide a science-based solution for the development of ISO GPS partitioning standards.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Jul 2018
TL;DR: Experimental results demonstrate that — despite its simplicity — the performance of the model is shown to be comparable to a more complex state-of-the-art baseline.
Abstract: When evaluating a potential product purchase, customers may have many questions in mind. They want to get adequate information to determine whether the product of interest is worth their money. In this paper we present a simple deep learning model for answering questions regarding product facts and specifications. Given a question and a product specification, the model outputs a score indicating their relevance. To train and evaluate our proposed model, we collected a dataset of 7,119 questions that are related to 153 different products. Experimental results demonstrate that –despite its simplicity– the performance of our model is shown to be comparable to a more complex state-of-the-art baseline.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An enhanced version of quality function deployment (QFD) that captures customers’ present and future preferences, accurately prioritizes product specifications and eventually translates them into desirable quality products is provided.
Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an enhanced version of quality function deployment (QFD) that captures customers’ present and future preferences, accurately prioritizes product specifications and eventually translates them into desirable quality products. Under rapidly changing environments, customer requirements and preferences are constantly changing and evolving, rendering essential the realization of the dynamic role of the “Voice of the Customer (VoC)” in the design and development of products. Design/methodology/approach The proposed methodological framework incorporates a Multivariate Markov Chain (MMC) model to describe the pattern of changes in customer preferences over time, the Fuzzy AHP method to accommodate the uncertainty and subjectivity of the “VoC” and the LP-GW-AHP to discover the most important product specifications in order to structure a robust QFD method. This enhanced QFD framework (MMC-QFD-LP-GW-Fuzzy AHP) takes into consideration the dynamic nature of the “VoC” captures the actual customers’ preferences (WHATs) and interprets them into design decisions (HOWs). Findings The integration of MMC models into the QFD helps to handle the sequences of customers’ preferences as categorical data sequences and to consider the multiple interdependencies among them. Originality/value In this study, a MMC model is introduced for the first time within QFD, in an effort to extend the concept of listening to further anticipating to customer wants. Gaining a deeper understanding of current and future customers’ preferences could help organizations to design products and plan strategies that more effectively and efficiently satisfy them.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare a set of product specifications to evaluate appearance and performance characteristics of denim jeans at three price categories, and identify any relationships between price and product quality.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to compare a set of product specifications to evaluate appearance and performance characteristics of denim jeans at three price categories, and identify any relationships between price and product quality.,This research is as a quasi-experimental laboratory study. The product specifications of jeans are identified. Next, the appearance and performance characteristics of jeans are examined initially and after one and five repeated laundering cycles. The data are analyzed within and between each price category to identify any possible relationship between price and product quality.,The price category of jeans does not necessarily reflect different dimensions of product quality. Although higher priced jeans had superior product specifications and visual appearance, they did not show superior performance with respect to all elements of fit, durability, and color performance when these three factors were measured through laboratory testing.,The limitations of this study from a research perspective include a small sample size, gender-focused sample selection. and the focus on only three retail categories. These limitations impact the generalizability of the results but could serve as a basis for similar studies. The evaluated product quality attributes were limited to intrinsic/measurable characteristics. Future studies should consider the extrinsic attributes of quality, especially as they are related to consumer’s purchasing decision.,Retailers in moderate and budget price categories can benefit from educating consumers about the quality attributes of jeans that would ultimately influence their post-purchase experience and are not necessarily related to the product’s price category. Educators can use this information to assist in teaching students about the multiple dimensions of materials and assembly choices, and how this will impact their final products as they are learning the apparel product development process.,The focus of this study on the quantification of intrinsic product attributes is unique and provides measurable data for product evaluation by consumer researchers and industry. The results of this research identify the strengths and weaknesses in the appearance and performance characteristics of jeans in different price categories, and how those may affect consumers’ purchase intention.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A multidisciplinary, hierarchical procedure that guides students to design a chemical product – molecular, formulated, functional, and device in a systematic manner in order to be reinforced in a product design project.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: This research has enabled to produce a strong, stable and aesthetic furniture which is made from composite material.
Abstract: Natural fibre is an emerging material that can help to reduce the dependency on non-renewable resources and sustains the ecological balance. This research focuses on the design and fabrication of a laptop table using kenaf fibre reinforced polymer composite. A composite portable laptop table was developed using standard design method and the manufacturing method used was hand lay-up. Market investigation, product design specification, conceptual design, detail design followed by fabrication were performed accordingly throughout this project. Stress distribution and deformation of the end product was tested using simulation software. This research has enabled to produce a strong, stable and aesthetic furniture which is made from composite material.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An integrated system framework and optimization methods have been implemented as a cyber-enabled tool for the adaptable design of open-architecture products to enable users and vendors to participate in the product development processes using open, adaptable, and standard interfaces.
Abstract: Adaptable design has the potential to improve product competitiveness through meeting customers’ needs in the product life cycle. Design of open-architecture products has been proposed using the adaptable design method with open and adaptable as well as standard interfaces. Effective tools are required for engineers to apply the concept and approaches of the adaptable design in their daily design processes. This research proposes an optimization method of the adaptable design for open-architecture products. Mathematical models and algorithms considering both adaptability and openness have been developed to identify an optimal design of the adaptable product configuration considering the existing modules and products. An integrated system framework and optimization methods have been implemented as a cyber-enabled tool for the adaptable design of open-architecture products to enable users and vendors to participate in the product development processes using open, adaptable, and standard interfaces. Design of an industrial product was carried out to verify the proposed methods and tools. The system usability, effectiveness, and efficiency were also evaluated.

01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: The average data shows that the AHP can prioritize the PDS of side-door impact beam from highest to lowest which are performance, product cost, weight, environment, disposal and size.
Abstract: Product design specification (PDS) is one of the elements in the product development process. To develop the side-door impact beam, six criteria of the PDS have been chosen and compared by ten decision makers using pairwise comparison with nine-point scale judgement by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Each criterion by each decision makers were sum up and the average data calculated. The average data is the result of the priority vector and it shows that the AHP can prioritize the PDS of side-door impact beam from highest to lowest which are performance, product cost, weight, environment, disposal and size.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
27 May 2018
TL;DR: This paper presents the RaF (Redundancy as Friend) solution to the problem of big data linkage for product specification pages, which takes advantage of the redundancy of identifiers at a global level, and the homogeneity of structure and semantics at the local source level, to effectively and efficiently link millions of pages of head and tail products across thousands ofHead and tail sources.
Abstract: An increasing number of product pages are available from thousands of web sources, each page associated with a product, containing its attributes and one or more product identifiers. The sources provide overlapping information about the products, using diverse schemas, making web-scale integration extremely challenging. In this paper, we take advantage of the opportunity that sources publish product identifiers to perform big data linkage across sources at the beginning of the data integration pipeline, before schema alignment. To realize this opportunity, several challenges need to be addressed: identifiers need to be discovered on product pages, made difficult by the diversity of identifiers; the main product identifier on the page needs to be identified, made difficult by the many related products presented on the page; and identifiers across pages need to beresolved, made difficult by the ambiguity between identifiers across product categories. We present our RaF (Redundancy as Friend) solution to the problem of big data linkage for product specification pages, which takes advantage of the redundancy of identifiers at a global level, and the homogeneity of structure and semantics at the local source level, to effectively and efficiently link millions of pages of head and tail products across thousands of head and tail sources. We perform a thorough empirical evaluation of our RaF approach using the publicly available Dexter dataset consisting of 1.9M product pages from 7.1k sources of 3.5k websites, and demonstrate its effectiveness in practice.

Patent
04 Jul 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, a product development management system presents the product specification traceability of the work items of the product requirement specification defining, product function item planning, the product software and hardware architecture designing during the life cycle of product development, such that the user and manager can handle the development work completeness, work item allocation and dispersion index and fineness index.
Abstract: A product development management system presents the product specification traceability of the work items of the product requirement specification defining, the product function item planning, the product software and hardware architecture designing during the life cycle of the product development, such that the user and manager can handle the development work completeness, work item allocation and dispersion index and fineness index to which the specification item of each level extends. Through the product development management system of the present disclosure, the work team can understand the relation of their responsible engineering works, and establish confirmation and data change notification mechanism, so as to achieve a cooperation result. Meanwhile, the product development management system of the present disclosure can manage the specification change process of each level, accurately notify the essential party, and freeze the baseline specifications and engineering data by stages or by release times.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The aim of this work was to design a non-alcoholic drink product with functional properties to satisfy customer needs, ensuring that all safety, environmental and industrial regulations were taken into consideration.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: The most important aspect Building Information Modeling contributes to the implementation of engineering design consists in the descriptive interactive visualization of the planned building in 3D, including all the directly related information about product specification, creation, and operation.
Abstract: The most important aspect Building Information Modeling contributes to the implementation of engineering design consists in the descriptive interactive visualization of the planned building in 3D, including all the directly related information about product specification, creation, and operation. This creates an in-depth understanding of the construction project and forms the basis for improved coordination between the planners and the parties executing the construction.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An integrative methodology for product line redesign is evolved that sews together aspects related to product functionality, modularity and competitive market segments that yields a number of Pareto-optimal redesigned products for the three market segments under consideration.
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to aid enterprises to redesign their existing product line from the standpoint of two critical competitive dimensions i.e. time to market (TTM) and market share. An ...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel approach for developing a double-bounded performance-related specification (PRS) and introduce a payment incentive/disincentive policy with the goal of improving total product quality is demonstrated.
Abstract: Purpose The ability to measure and assess “quality” is essential in building and maintaining a safe and effective transportation system. Attaining acceptable quality outcomes in transportation projects has been a reoccurring problem at both the federal and state levels, at least partially, as a result of poorly developed, inefficient or nonexistent quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) processes. The purpose of this paper is to develop and implement a new QA/QC process that focuses on a novel double-bounded performance-related specification (PRS) and corresponding pay factor policy that includes both lower and upper quality acceptance and payment reward boundaries for bridge concrete. Design/methodology/approach The authors use historical data to design different payment scenarios illustrating likely industry responses to the new PRS, and select the single scenario that best balances risk between the agency and industry. The authors then convert that payment scenario to a pay factor schedule using a search heuristic and determine statistical compliance with the PRS using percent-within-limits (PWL). Findings The methodology offers an innovative approach for developing an initial set of pay factors when lifecycle cost data are lacking and the PRS are new or modified. An important finding is that, with a double-bounded PRS, it is not possible to represent pay factors using the simplified table PWL currently employed in practice because each PWL value occupies two separate positions in the payment structure – one above the design target and one below it. Therefore, a more detailed set of pay factors must be employed which explicitly specify the mean sample value and the design target. The approach is demonstrated in practice for the Agency of Transportation in state of Vermont. Research limitations/implications The authors demonstrate a novel approach for developing a double-bounded PRS and introduce a payment incentive/disincentive policy with the goal of improving total product quality. The new pay factor policy includes both a payment penalty below the contracted price for failing to meet a specified performance criterion as well as a payment premium above the contracted price that increases as the sample product specification approaches an “ideal” design value. The PRS includes both an upper and lower acceptance boundary for the finished product as opposed to only a lower tail acceptance boundary, which is the traditional approach. Practical implications The authors illustrate a research collaboration between academia and a state agency that highlights the role academic research can play in advancing quality management practices. The study involves the use of actual product performance data and is operational as opposed to conceptual in nature. Finally, the authors offer important practical insights and guidance by demonstrating how a new PRS and pay factor policy can be developed without the use of site-specific historical lifecycle cost (LCC) data that include detailed manufacturing, producing and placement cost data, as data related to product performance over time. This is an important contribution, as the development and implementation of pay factor policies typically involve the use of historical LCC data. However, in many cases, these data are not available or may be incomplete. Social implications With the new PRS and pay factor schedule, the Agency expects shrinkage and cracking on bridge decks to decrease along with overall maintenance and rehabilitation costs. A major focus the new PRS is to actively involve industry partners in quality improvement efforts. Originality/value The authors focus on a major modification to an existing QA/QC process that involves the development of a new PRS and an associated pay factor policy undertaken by the Vermont Agency of Transportation. The authors use empirical data to develop a novel double bounded PRS and payment schedule for concrete and offer unique operational/practical insight and guidance by demonstrating how a new PRS and pay factor policy can be developed without the use of site-specific historical LCC. Typically, PRS for in-place concrete have only a lower tail acceptance boundary.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
21 Sep 2018
TL;DR: This work proposes a generic and extensible multi-level and modular modeling framework that is scalable for large companies and enables reuse for cross-company collaboration and supplier integration, and uses the standardized SysML/UML.
Abstract: At present, manufacturing processes are highly tailored to a specific product. Changes in product requirements therefore lead to big manual efforts for adapting the manufacturing process and reconfiguring production resources accordingly. Existing approaches do not cope well with this complexity. This hinders agile, customer-oriented manufacturing. A promising approach for automated assembling processes is the Machine as a Service paradigm, which aims for providing production resources on demand. This requires a consistent and pervasive formalization of product specifications, the corresponding manufacturing resources and their interdependencies. Thus, our first contribution is a generic and extensible multi-level and modular modeling framework to formalize products and available resources. Our framework is scalable for large companies and enables reuse for cross-company collaboration and supplier integration. Thereby, the static relationship between product, process and resource is avoided by describing product features and resource skills in separate models. Our framework uses the standardized SysML/UML. Our second contribution is the ability of our framework to integrate different standards. For demonstration, we apply our multi-level approach to a flexible assembly of terminal boxes for transmission gears and show the integration of standards by embedding the eCl@ss classification.

Journal Article
TL;DR: This paper presents a pipeline that decomposes the problem into different tasks from source and data discovery, to extraction, data linkage, schema alignment and data fusion, and presents the results of these efforts towards big data integration for product specifications.
Abstract: The product domain contains valuable data for many important applications. Given the large and increasing number of sources that provide data about product specifications and the velocity as well as the variety with which such data are available, this domain represents a challenging scenario for developing and evaluating big data integration solutions. In this paper, we present the results of our efforts towards big data integration for product specifications. We present a pipeline that decomposes the problem into different tasks from source and data discovery, to extraction, data linkage, schema alignment and data fusion. Although we present the pipeline as a sequence of tasks, different configurations can be defined depending on the application goals.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2018
TL;DR: A Smart Store Assistor for visually impaired people is proposed and three major concerns such as locating the product, identifying product and buying the product are addressed in this work.
Abstract: Visual impairment is one of the disabilities of a human being. To date, numerous methods have been proposed to enhance the life style of visually impaired and blind people. Still, purchasing products in the supermarket without others support is tricky one for them. In this work, a Smart Store Assistor for visually impaired people is proposed. Three major concerns such as locating the product, identifying product and buying the product are addressed in this work. The System consists of 3 modules namely Product Identifier, Smart Glove and Smart Trolley. Radio Frequency Identification Technology (RFID) is used to identify the products. In Product Identifier module, a buzzer will ring whenever the required product is located. Smart Glove module is used to scan the product where an audio instruction will detail about the product specifications to the buyer. Further, when the product is placed in the cart, an automated billing system will provide final bill of the purchased products. Design and hardware implementation of the working prototype model has been demonstrated in the proposed work.

DOI
17 Mar 2018
TL;DR: An attempt has been made to discuss easy measure of the weight of all kind of physically hazard persons by developing a product design concept in new product platform categories as Weight Measuring Chair.
Abstract: In the age of industrialization, it is very difficult to sustain in the market without challenging products. For that purposes, most of companies are trying to introduce new product design concept. Product designs have focused on customer needs concerning functionality and utility. For the success of a product in the marketplace may be determined by its aesthetic appeal, emotions, the pleasure it creates, and the satisfaction it brings to the customer. Considering all factors, we develop a product design concept is in new product platform categories as Weight Measuring Chair. It is used to measure the weight especially for the old man and children who are not able to stand over the weight measurement machine. This type of product can be used in clinic and hospital for measuring the weight comfortably. We think that the product have the ability to create a revolution in weight measuring technique. Therefore, an attempt has been made to discuss easy measure of the weight of all kind of physically hazard persons.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A modular approach of quality by design was implemented consisting of five consecutive steps to cover all the stages from the product design to the final product control strategy, and a clear justification of the process and product specifications as a basis for control strategy and future comparability exercises was found.
Abstract: Polyvalent human normal immunoglobulins for intravenous use (IVIg), indicated for rare and often severe diseases, are complex plasma-derived protein preparations. A quality by design approach has been used to develop the Laboratoire Francais du Fractionnement et des Biotechnologies new-generation IVIg, targeting a high level of purity to generate an enhanced safety profile while maintaining a high level of efficacy. A modular approach of quality by design was implemented consisting of five consecutive steps to cover all the stages from the product design to the final product control strategy.A well-defined target product profile was translated into 27 product quality attributes that formed the basis of the process design. In parallel, a product risk analysis was conducted and identified 19 critical quality attributes among the product quality attributes. Process risk analysis was carried out to establish the links between process parameters and critical quality attributes. Twelve critical steps were identified, and for each of these steps a risk mitigation plan was established.Among the different process risk mitigation exercises, five process robustness studies were conducted at qualified small scale with a design of experiment approach. For each process step, critical process parameters were identified and, for each critical process parameter, proven acceptable ranges were established. The quality risk management and risk mitigation outputs, including verification of proven acceptable ranges, were used to design the process verification exercise at industrial scale.Finally, the control strategy was established using a mix, or hybrid, of the traditional approach plus elements of the quality by design enhanced approach, as illustrated, to more robustly assign material and process controls and in order to securely meet product specifications.The advantages of this quality by design approach were improved process knowledge for industrial design and process validation and a clear justification of the process and product specifications as a basis for control strategy and future comparability exercises.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
10 Sep 2018
TL;DR: First results indicate the feasibility of the inductive generalization from examples approach, even for generating hierarchies, but many open challenges remain.
Abstract: For explicit representation of commonality and variability of a product line, a feature model is mostly used. An open question is how a feature model can be inductively learned in an automated way from a limited number of given product specifications in terms of features.We propose to address this problem through machine learning, more precisely inductive generalization from examples. However, no counter-examples are assumed to exist. Basically, a feature model needs to be complete with respect to all the given example specifications. First results indicate the feasibility of this approach, even for generating hierarchies, but many open challenges remain.