Showing papers on "Production engineering published in 1993"

Total engineering quality management

Abstract: This manual discusses how the Total Quality Management (TQM) of the production and manufacturing environment can be modified, implemented, and measured within the engineering project environment. It aims to integrate predominant quality philosophy with organization research.

Computer-Aided Manufacturing System Engineering

Abstract: A new type of computer-aided engineering environment is envisioned which will improve the productivity of manufacturing/industrial engineers. This environment would be used by engineers to design and implement future manufacturing systems and subsystems. This paper describes work which is currently underway at the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) on computer-aided manufacturing system engineering environments. The NIST project is aimed at advancing the development of software environments and tools for the design and engineering of manufacturing systems. The paper presents an overall vision of the proposed environment, identifies technical issues which must be addressed, and describes work on a current prototype computer-aided manufacturing system engineering environment. Keyword Codes: J.6, I.6.3, D.2.2

Automated packing systems: review of industrial implementations

Abstract: A rich theoretical background to the problems that occur in the automation of material handling can be found in operations research, production engineering, systems engineering and automation, more specifically machine vision, literature. This work has contributed towards the design of intelligent handling systems. This paper will review the application of these automated material handling and packing techniques to industrial problems. The discussion will also highlight the systems integration issues involved in these applications. An outline of one such industrial application, the automated placement of shape templates on to leather hides, is also discussed. The purpose of this system is to arrange shape templates on a leather hide in an efficient manner, so as to minimize the leather waste, before they are automatically cut from the hide. These pieces are used in the furniture and car manufacturing industries for the upholstery of high quality leather chairs and car seats. Currently this type of operation is semi-automated. The paper will outline the problems involved in the full automation of such a procedure.

X Joseph Whitworth and the growth of mass-production engineering

Abstract: Joseph Whitworth's name is still a household word among engineers, because he, more than anyone else, is considered to have brought into general practice the principles of modern production engineering, based on accurate measurement, precision tools, standardisation, and interchangeability. Although mechanical engineering had been emerging long before his time, for making the steam engines and machinery of the eighteenth-century industrial revolution.

An overview of the ASU engineering database project: interoperability in engineering design

Abstract: The paper presents a work-in-progress report on work addressing interoperability in engineering design environments. The work is being conducted as a joint research effort between computer science and mechanical engineering researchers for the purpose of (1) creating a more productive environment for relating and accessing data in the engineering design process and (2) advancing database technology to adequately support interoperability issues in engineering design. The first six months of the project have primarily served as an organizational period, surveying database issues, learning about engineering design, and examining current efforts in engineering data exchange standards. The paper presents an overview of the research directions. >

Manufacturing and Operations Management

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter presents an introduction to manufacturing and operations management. In the early 1900s, the dictionary defined manufacturing as the making of wares by hand or machine, and defined production as the manufacture and distribution of goods. Manufacturing was then, and even with the changes in its meaning with time, is still, that part of production that was concerned with making the product. Manufacturing management is a large part, or perhaps all, of the science of production management. It is an applied science that draws on most of the other sciences. Management can be defined as the art and science of planning, directing, and controlling human effort, so that the objectives of an enterprise may be attained. It can be seen as a set of thousands of different tasks devoted to this objective. Management tasks can also be sorted into sets of closely related tasks that require similar skills for their efficient performance. These sets of tasks are known as management functions and form the basic classification of the science of production management.

Outline for discrete part manufacturing engineering

Abstract: It is argued that within the framework of computer integrated manufacturing and engineering reference modeling, manufacturing system models may be and must be verified by prototyping supported by computer-aided methodology rather than by paper-aided methodology. Both synchronic and diachronic life-cycles as employed in integration engineering are described. >

A unified classification of manufacturing strategies and design processes

Abstract: This article categorises manufacturing strategy design processes and presents the characteristics of resulting strategies. This work will therefore assist practitioners to appreciate the implications of planning activities. The article presents a framework for classifying manufacturing strategy processes and the resulting strategies. Each process and respective strategy is then considered in detail. In this consideration the preferred approach is presented for formulating a world class manufacturing strategy. Finally, conclusions and recommendations for further work are given.

Design of industrial systems

Abstract: concrete influence of decisions Figure 5.2. The relation between level of abstraction and the influence of decisions. Two hypotheses, therefore, will be tested: ff:Iypothesis .1: a designer using the structu:red .deSign approach described in Chapter 4 of this dissertation1will make better design .decisions than a conventional designer. 'Hypo.thesis 2: .a .designer.using·the-struct:ured·1iesign approach described in Chapter 4 of this dissertation -wilha:ddress more:ábstractdesign problems than a conventional designer. The experimental design,thatisc.Set up to test.these hypotheses, will be described in the next Section. Following that, the results of the experiment will be discussed. 5.2. Experimental Design To test the hypotheses, mentioned in the previous Section, two groups of students were used. Each group of 8 students was randomly selected from a group of 16. Nearly all students were in the third year of their studies in Mechanical Engineering, masters level. Differences in foreknowledge will be discussed in the Section on the results. The experiment consisted of two parts. The first part on the first day was an instruction part. The second part on the second day was the design part. These will be discussed in turn.

Integral organizational innovation in the Dutch clothing industry: the myth of new production systems

Abstract: In the clothing industry a discussion is going on about how to react to changing demands and wishes on the different markets. On the basis of a still on-going research project in the Netherlands this article describes how these changes can be taken into account in the technical and organizational architecture of the sewing room. Special attention is paid to three new production systems, namely (1) the Toyota Sewing System, (2) the Quick Response System, and (3) the Multi Operations System. From case studies it seems that companies do not benefit directly from the mentioned production systems. The solution can rather be found in new ways of production, that is, by making changes in both the production and the work organization. The nature of production and work organization has to be considered first before committing the organization to a technical choice of equipment.

Fail Bit Analysis System For Semiconductor Memory Wafers

Abstract: The fail bit data analysis system was developed to shorten the defect analysis time for semiconductor memory products. The system has the following features: (])Feature elicidation by display of wafer scale and detailed analysis by expansion function. (2)Display of fail bit distribution based on design data and transfer of coodinate data to SEM. (3)Data storage by data compression. 1 .Problem Areas in Fail Bit Analysis The analysis of fail bit distribution in semiconductor memory is effective in specifying structural defects in memory-mats and their surrounding circuits. For example,when the fail bits are in a line in the memory -mat as shown in Fig.], a problem in the data read circuit in the horizontal direction is clear.However,the following problems exist in actually implementing fail bit analysis. memory chip

Concurrent engineering information systems

Abstract: The paper considers how information systems may provide critical benefits to concurrent engineering practice and identifies some of the technical and organizational difficulties that may exist when information is dispersed, inconsistent, incompatible or inaccessible between the functional areas involved within a concurrent engineering partnership. >

A green engineering framework for concurrent design of products and processes

Abstract: In this paper we present a green engineering framework for the integrated design of product and processes. The primary objective in green engineering is to eliminate the waste or scrap generated as a result of design and manufacturing decisions if possible, otherwise reduce it to the best possible limits. We present a Physical System Theoretic approach for modelling and analysis of waste generated by jointly considering engineering design and manufacturing issues. A mathematical programming model is developed to concurrently decide the product tolerances and manufacturing technology. >

The technology base for agile manufacturing

Abstract: The effective use of information is a critical problem faced by manufacturing organizations that must respond quickly to market changes. As product runs become shorter, rapid and efficient development of product manufacturing facilities becomes crucial to commercial success. Effective information utilization is a key element to successfully meeting these requirements. This paper reviews opportunities for developing technical solutions to information utilization problems within a manufacturing enterprise and outlines a research agenda for solving these problems.

A Survey of Systems Engineering Design Automation Tools

Abstract: The paper surveys the current field of Systems Engineering Design Automation tools, applications, and their relationship to successful implementation of Concurrent Engineering. As well, it gives a future view of where the tools are going and why they are becoming increasingly important in the pursuit of improving engineering productivity and reducing engineering cycle time.

Technology, people, and management

Abstract: The roles played by advanced technology, personnel, and management in fostering success in manufacturing are examined. Evidence indicating that technology is a proven source of productivity growth in manufacturing is cited. However, it is argued that the flexibility embedded in new manufacturing technologies is worthless unless it can be exploited by the organization, in other words, by the people, manufacturing techniques, and management surrounding it. >

Concurrent engineering-what is it?

Abstract: Simultaneous or concurrent engineering is often proposed as one approach that encourages the integration of the engineering functions and their supporting systems. Concurrent Engineering is about: efficiency of the design and development process; the ability to develop new products faster; considering the product design as well as the manufacturing and support process; involvement of users in the specification process; and the visibility and control of accurate and timely data. It is a response to competitive pressures to: get products to market in a shorter time; incorporate more features or variety at less cost; and produce more new products, more often by the parallel development of both the product and the associated manufacturing processes and consideration of all elements of the product lifecycle.

Flexible manufacturing systems

Abstract: Describes flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) as an attempt to bring the advantages of flow type production to batch production systems. Suggests production stages where FMS should be facilitated. Examines the connection between FMS and computer based production, in particular computer integrated management (CIM). Concludes that CIM and FMS can offer additional speed of response and flexibility in the way production facilities are established.

An integration of production management rules and fabrication know-how for real-time cell production control

Abstract: Between the steps of operation release and process control of the production activity control, no re-evaluation of the production organization is undertaken. However, the production organization can be technically optimized or modified. This level of production management is difficult to achieve, essentially because several fields come into play. It becomes apparent, however, that it is essential to integrate production management and production cell control in order to obtain advanced production systems which are more ‘reactive’ to technical and economic perturbations. In this paper, a contribution to the resolution of this problems is presented and the following ideas are introduced: 1. a control structure of production cells within “real-time production management functions”, 2. a control strategy of the cells by “scenario de production” (production scenario). First of all, the functions of this control structure are described and then the principles of its generic utilization for the control of a complex production system are given. An executable production scenario is conceived according to the production management rules, the data and know-how of the fabricators also play a role. The last section of this paper describes, using an industrial example in the field of sub-contracted machining, the construction of such a scenario.

Production engineering and information technology in the scope of the third framework programme for research and technological development

Abstract: This paper describes the general lines of Community research activities in the field of production engineering and supporting information technology included in the scope of the Third Framework Programme. Special emphasis will be given to the challenges that face Community industry in the 90s and the specific CEC R&D initiatives to develop the proper synergies at the European level to face these major challenges of competition on the world markets.

Managerial manufacturing technology : specified for the influence of manufacturing technique on managerial aspects of process planning for small batch manufacturing

Abstract: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.

Concurrent engineering supplier involvement

Abstract: The supply of equipment has traditionally been the last element of a project, which can result in more expensive facilities which are sometimes sub-optimised for production, usually because of inadequate delivery time imposed by previous project slippages. To overcome these problems, concurrent engineering (CE) has become commonplace in the automotive industry, where either major product or face lift programmes are being increased in frequency. Given that production facilities can take between three and 18 months to supply, it has become important to involve suppliers of such equipment as early as possible in the planning cycle. General industry is now using CE, having seen the benefits of lead time reduction and cost savings achieved in the automotive sector because: novel solutions can be fully evaluated through development projects, reducing technical risk and achieving optimum performance; balance of cost vs. performance can be more fully established, i.e. the trade-off between labour effectiveness, automation and risk; eliminating the competitive tender process reduces lead times; and better design through more information being available earlier in the project. An additional benefit for the customer is an element of technology transfer which will mean that customer knowledge gained will significantly enhance future production development processes. >

Optimization models for production planning in metal sheet manufacturing

Abstract: In this thesis, we address the tactical planning decision problem of ingot sizing in an aluminum sheet manufacturing facility. Ingots used for sheet manufacturing are made-to-stock, and used when necessary, to satisfy customer demands. The facility produces large ingots to exploit economies of scale in ingot casting, but customers order products frequently, and in small quantities. In this situation, the facility's current practice of dedicating an ingot to each order generates large amounts of scrap and increases processing costs. To prevent this, the facility is considering an alternate strategy of combining more than one order for production on a single ingot. When we permit multiple orders to be jointly produced from the same ingot, what standard ingot sizes should the facility produce, and which orders should be combined to minimize total scrap? We group similar orders over a long planning horizon into one product. Given the forecast demand for each product, a set of candidate ingot sizes, and a set of feasible product combinations, we need to determine the standard set of ingot sizes, and the number of times each product combination is produced on the standard ingots to minimize total scrap, while satisfying demand for all products. We formulate the ingot sizing problem as an integer program, and develop an efficient solution procedure. The solution procedure consists of dual ascent to obtain lower bounds, and two heuristics to provide good feasible solutions. We have implemented the dual ascent procedure and the heuristics, and tested them with data on actual orders received at a leading aluminum sheet manufacturing facility. Our computational results indicate that the solutions obtained by the dual ascent and heuristic procedures are within 4% of optimality on an average. For the alloy that we studied, a comparison of the proposed set of standard sizes with the current set of ingots suggests that the proposed solution could reduce total scrap by an average of 9.5%. The reduction in total scrap could result in savings of up to $100,000 annually in scrap reprocessing and ingot casting costs. To my parents and my husband 3 Acknowledgments I would like to thank my advisor, Anantaram Balakrishnan, for introducing me to this real world problem and motivating me to work on it. I very much appreciate his support and guidance for the past two years of my student life. He has been very understanding and has helped me in several aspects to …

Process-Driven Engineering – A Key Element in Integrating Design and Manufacture

Abstract: Summary Traditionally, design and development activity has been and still is completely separated in many places from engineering and from production. This has often led to dead ends when production could not keep up with requirements due to lack of suitable processes. Further, in the past, this could not happen since it was natural to develop and build prototypes in the manufacturing environment and through help from manufacturing personnel. Modern trends like Concurrent engineering emphasize free information flow between production engineering and design, aimed at an integrated approach to design and manufacture. This paper deals with design and engineering methods which are based on available and specific processes. Examples from the fields of inertial devices and thermal imaging are discussed.