Showing papers on "Professional ethics published in 1990"

Toward an Agenda for Business Ethics Research

Abstract: This article focuses on developing an agenda for business ethics research. Thirty-two researchers were enlisted to review the conduct of the field, and four underlying images that guide their work are outlined. Research questions are articulated to translate those images into concrete behaviors for both practitioners and researchers in the ethics field.

Ethics and the professional practice of psychologists: the role of virtues and principles.

Abstract: We evaluate the potential relevance of virtue ethics to the training and practice of professional psychologists, and we contrast them with principle ethics. Typically, principles are used to facilitate the selection of socially and historically acceptable answers to the question "What shall I do?" when confronted by ethical dilemmas. Virtue ethics, however, generally focus on the question "Who shall I be?" Strengths and weaknesses of each approach are presented. The impact of each is discussed with respect to informed consent and the therapeutic construct "genuineness." We conclude that virtue ethics are an essential component of responsible ethical training and practice.

Professional Liability and Risk Management

Abstract: This book answers important questions about professional liability that are asked by all mental health practitioners, and it offers suggestions about how to integrate safeguards into daily practice that will best meet the interests of clients and practitioners.

Children, Ethics, and the Law: Professional Issues and Cases

Abstract: Koocher and Keith-Spiegel introduce the reader to a variety of ethical and legal dilemmas that may arise for mental-health professionals working with children, adolescents, and their families. They offer advice on how to analyze problematic situations and arrive at appropriate decisions. A unique feature of the book is the inclusion of more than 130 vignettes drawn from court decisions and actual clinical incidents. Covering such topics as counseling in schools, psychotherapy in private practice, research in university laboratories, and testifying in court, the authors address a broad spectrum of concerns for professionals who attend to the mental health needs of children. Gerald P. Koocher is chief psychologist at Boston's Children's Hospital and an associate professor of psychology at Harvard Medical School. He is editor of the journal Ethics and Behavior and coauthor, with John E. O'Malley, of The Damocles Syndrome: Psycho-social Consequences of Surviving Childhood Cancer .

Values and Ethics in Organization and Human Systems Development: Responding to Dilemmas in Professional Life

Abstract: Presents an annotated statement of values and ethics for the OD-HRD profession the culmination of a collaborative effort among five hundred OD-HSD professionals from twenty countries Offers a systematic approach for assessing real-life dilemmas and prepares professionals to choose the proper course of actionThis book is currently available only from the author Please contact him for details on purchasing

Integrating medical ethics with normative theory: patient advocacy and social responsibility.

Abstract: It is often assumed that the chief responsibility medical professionals bear is patient care and advocacy. The meeting of other duties, such as ensuring a more just distribution of medical resources and promoting the public good, is not considered a legitimate basis for curtailing or slackening beneficial patient services. It is argued that this assumption is often made without sufficient attention to foundational principles of professional ethics; that once core principles are laid bare this assumption is revealed as largely unwarranted; and, finally, that these observations at the level of moral theory should be reflected, in various ways, in medical practice. Specifically, this essay clarifies a tension that exists between different kinds of moral principles and explores the possibility of dissipating that tension by shoring up foundational principles. The paper begins by setting out three alternative models of how best to balance patient advocacy responsibilities with broader social responsibilities. It then turns to critically assess these models and argue that one has several advantages over the others.

Perceived conduct and professional ethics among marketing faculty

Abstract: This paper describes the results of a mail survey to the educator membership of the American Marketing Association. Data were collected regarding beliefs about both the frequency of occurrence and severity of 59 ethical issues facing marketing faculty. The research questions examined include: What unethical practices are believed to most commonly occur? What practices are most severe? How do these beliefs vary by faculty rank and size and type of school? Implications for both the improvement of marketing education and for future research are provided.

Guide to Ethical Practice in Psychotherapy

Abstract: AUTONOMY: Promotion of Autonomy Autonomy and Dependency Autonomy and Group Clients, Psychodiagnostic Testing and Research FIDELITY: The Nature of the Relationship The Promise of Confidentiality JUSTICE: The Principle of Justice BENEFICENCE: The Principle of Beneficence NONMALEFICENCE:Potential Harmful Effects of Psychotherapy on Individual and Group Clients Regulation by Professional Associations Licensure and Protection of the Public Malpractice The Tarasoff Case Child Abuse Suicide SELF-INTEREST: The Principle of Self-Interest.

Professional ethics and professional morality in the assessment of competence for execution: A response to Bonnie.

Abstract: Four psychological perspectives need to be considered in response to the Richard Bonnie outlook on competence for execution. The first perspective is the degree to which the task itself is ambiguous and thus allows individual clinicians' values to leak through. The second perspective is that prisoners' choices to opt for execution instead of appeal are murky and often irrational. The third perspective is that even rational decisions for execution instead of appeal are often not founded on informed judgments, in part because of the situational influences of living on death row. The fourth perspective is that clinicians' judgments to participate in such legal-psychological activities are not only a matter of individual morality but also part of evolving professional ethics.

Ethical and legal issues in psychotherapy supervision.

Abstract: This paper synthesizes and evaluates the present status of ethical and legal awareness characterizing psychotherapy supervision. Supervisory vulnerabilities are examined and recommended actions which may help protect the supervisor are offered. Specific issues include: practicing within the bounds of supervisory competence, selecting a model of supervision, avoiding dual relationships, evaluating supervisee competence, supervisory availability, forming a supervision contract, financial considerations, securing professional liability coverage, and supervising honestly and maintaining integrity.

Individual Differences in Ethical Values of Public Relations Practitioners

Abstract: The reported degree of professional ethics in public relations jobs is strongly related to personal ethics, this study shows, regardless of how long one has been in the public relations profession. This mail survey of 198 members of the Public Relations Society of America (a 66% response rate) indicates that a strong predictor of professional ethical standards is the degree of reported personal ethics while there also are relationships—but somewhat weaker—between age and experience and professional ethics, as measured by this study which employed Likert scales.

A conceptual approach to the identification of essential ethics content for the undergraduate nursing curriculum

Abstract: While the importance of ethics content in the nursing curriculum is recognized, few guidelines exist to aid faculty in decisions regarding 'essential' content. Comparison of documents from the Hastings Center Institute of Society, Ethics and the Life Sciences, and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing suggests that outcomes for the undergraduate nursing curriculum reflect the goals of both undergraduate and professional ethics education as identified by the Hastings Center study. Faculty are faced with the challenge of adequately addressing ethics in an already filled undergraduate curriculum. The conceptual integration of traditional clinical ethics with professional socialization and issues of professionalism provides a workable approach for identifying and integrating the necessary ethics content. Within this integrated approach the author identifies seven areas essential to the undergraduate curriculum: the moral ideals of the nursing profession, clarification of personal and professional values, moral issues/dilemmas common to nursing practice, recognizing ethical issues, basic ethical theory and principles, practice in analysis and debate, and the moral nature of a profession.

Teaching animal welfare in the land grant universities.

Abstract: Colleges and universities have an obligation to teach the basis of animal husbandry and welfare and must prepare students so that they can respond effectively to challenges by proponents of the animal welfare and animal rights movements. Veterinary curricula must now contain formal instruction in professional ethics and humane stewardship of animals for accreditation by the American Veterinary Medical Association. It is helpful if students have an understanding of farm animal behavior, stress physiology and methods of assessing welfare prior to learning about the animal welfare/rights movement's philosophies and issues. A review of early judicial practices, "classical" Judeo-Christian philosophy, the philosophy of Rene Descartes, Jeremy Bentham, Albert Schweitzer, and current philosophers and the entertainment media places the movements in perspective. Students should be familiar with such concepts as the mind-body controversy, equality of suffering, self-awareness or intelligence, and speciesism. After acquiring an appreciation of the basics, a knowledge of the issues facing animal agriculture and the arguments for and against each issue are necessary. Graduates of colleges of agriculture need to realize the potential effects the movements can have and take the initiative to improve the image of animal agriculture.

Professional Ethics and Accounting Education: A Critique of the 8-Step Method

Abstract: Recently the topic of ethics has received much attention both in the popular press and in professional and educational journals. Accounting, like other professional disciplines, has been grappling with a number of questions relating to the formal education of accounting students. For example, are we currently teaching enough ethics to our students? Should we teach ethics? Can ethics be taught? It is my belief that these questions have already been adequately addressed in the accounting education literature. Now the focus should be shifted to how we can best teach ethics to accounting students.

On becoming a profession: requirements and strategies.

Abstract: An analysis of concepts of professionalism is applied to the profession of parks and recreation with particular attention given to actions which parks and recreation might take to achieve profession status. Central to the discussion of strategies of implementation is the notion of power and the means by which dependency is created. Library and historical research techniques were employed.

Professional Ethics in Nursing

Abstract: The objective of this text is to sensitize nurses and other health professionals to the role that ethics play in the practice of their profession. It poses the moral question of whether nurses should study ethics, and explores the nature of ethical decision making and nursing research.

The Artificial Duties of Contemporary Professionals: The Social Service Review Lecture

Abstract: Professional ethics in the era of the mass production of welfare has become increasingly the ethics of role holders in institutions. It is not a collection of natural duties as it has traditionally been conceived and as it typically still is framed in contemporary professional codes of ethics. Such codes often include injunctions to the individual professional to do more than he or she could do under the constraints of public policies on, for example, welfare delivery or health care. Indeed, what the individual ought to do, under these policies, may conflict with what current professional ethics codes seem to require.