Showing papers on "Professional ethics published in 1999"

Integrated and Decoupled Corporate Social Performance: Management Commitments, External Pressures, and Corporate Ethics Practices

Abstract: Corporations can respond to expectations for socially responsible processes and outcomes in organizationally integrated ways or in easily decoupled fashion. This study focused on a particular type ...

Professionalism and ethics in teaching

Abstract: Preface Acknowledgements PART I: EDUCATION, TEACHING AND PROFESSIONALISM Chapter 1: Teaching and education Chapter 2: Professions, professionalism and professional ethics Chapter 3: Teaching and professionalism PART II: EDUCATIONAL THEORY AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE Chapter 4: Educational theory misapplied? Chapter 5: Different faces of educational theory Chapter 6: Teaching and competence ART III: PROFESSIONAL VALUES AND ETHICAL OBJECTIVITY Chapter 7: Professional values and the objectivity of value Chapter 8: Rival conceptions of education PART IV: ETHICS AND EDUCATION, MORALITY AND THE TEACHER Chapter 9: Educational rights and professional wrongs Chapter 10 Aims of education, schooling and teaching Chapter 11: The moral role of the teacher PART V: PARTICULAR ISSUES Chapter 12: Ethical issues concerning the role of the teacher Chapter 13: Ethical issues concerning education and schooling Bibliography Index.

Foundations of Ethical Practice, Research, and Teaching in Psychology

Abstract: The ethical dilemmas confronting psychologists in their various roles are becoming more numerous and more complex. Practitioners wondering whether to inform a client's partner of his HIV positive status, researchers trying to study child abuse while maintaining confidentiality, teachers or supervisors balancing their duty to students and their duty to the society in which the students will be credentialled--all find that formal codes of ethics and existing books do not and cannot address all their concerns and conflicts. Kitchener lays a conceptual foundation for thinking well about ethical problems. She introduces a model of decision making based on five underlying principles and illustrates the ways in which it can help psychologists faced with tough choices make ethically defensible decisions. Beyond principled decision making in accordance with codes and her model, she considers the importance of ethical character and outlines the development of five key virtues that support moral behavior. Among the thorniest issues she treats in depth are informed consent, confidentiality, both sexual and nonsexual multiple role relationships, competence, and social justice. Throughout, she begins with principles and then shows how they are applied in clinical, educational, and scientific contexts. She illuminates her discussion with vivid case examples that reflect her own rich experience and understanding. Foundations of Ethical Practice, Research, and Teaching in Psychology gives psychologists, students, and trainees the tools they need to analyze their own ethical quandaries and take right action.

Ethics and Values in Psychotherapy

Abstract: Ethics and Values in Psychotherapy is an examination of the role of the therapist as ethicist and the ways in which the ethical convictions of both therapist and client contribute to the practical process of psychotherapy. As Psychotherapy strives to establish itself as a 'Profession', practitioners are increasinly focusing on the issue of ethics as they attempt to agree on guidelines and standards for professional practice. Alan Tjeltveit argues that any discussion of professional and ethical practice in psychotherapy is inadequate if carried out in ignorance of or in isolation from traditional ethical theories. He applies this approach to issues such as: * the role of therapy in society * the goals and outcomes of psychotherapy * techniques and practices * the existence and operation of values * the intellectual and social context in which therapy takes place. In the second part of the book, he uses clinical examples and case studies to relate this theoretical discussion to clinical practice. Ethics and Values in Psychotherapy will be welcomed by the growing number of experienced Psychotherapists and post-graduate students who are interested in the increasingly contentious issue of professional ethics.

“Intermediate” Concepts and the Connection to Moral Education

Abstract: This paper provides a brief overview of Rest's (1983) conception of the important processes that contribute to effective moral decision making, summarizes efforts to design and assess moral education programs based on Rest's Four-Component Model, and describes new directions in the assessment of moral judgment development that are specifically directed toward professional ethics education. Based on preliminary studies, we recommend that, in addition to measuring each of the processes in Rest's model, educators design profession-specific measures of moral concepts that better reflect the content of professional ethics education. Labeled intermediate concepts measures, these assessments attend to concepts that are more specific than the abstract moral schemas tested by Kohlbergian measures of moral judgment and more general than concrete codes of professional ethics.

Professional Education and Professional Ethics Right to Die or Duty to Live

Abstract: Despite the undeniable ethical dimensions of paid occupations — trades and services — other than the traditional professions, it is still natural to associate courses of professional ethics with medicine, law, nursing or teaching, rather than auto-repair, supermarket assistance or window-cleaning. Indeed, it seems plausible to hold that if there is anything more to the traditional distinction of professions from trades or other services than considerations of social and economic status, it might well reside in the distinctive ethical or moral character and implications of such occupations as medicine, law and education. This paper undertakes to explore, via examination of some of the commonly suggested criteria of professionalism, the nature of such implications and the extent to which they justify continued deployment of a distinctive occupational category of ‘profession’. On the assumption that they do, however, the paper is also concerned to examine critically the consequences for education in professional ethics of any such distinctive ethics of profession.

'Getting Organized': The Evolution of Community Interpreting

Abstract: Based on a broad definition of the concept of community interpreting, the paper gives an overview of the development of community-based interpreting as a profession since the 1960s. Reviewing both the field of sign language interpreting and spoken-language community interpreting in the context of migration, major elements in the process of professionalization are described with reference to selected examples. The overall picture is one of great diversity of approaches, constraints and responses to the challenge of intra-social interpreting needs throughout the world, shaped by the variable interplay of factors like the existence of legal provisions, institutional arrangements for interpreter service delivery, an authority-driven or profession-based system of accreditation or certification more or less specifying standards of practice and professional ethics, training programs within (or outside) the established public system of higher education, and a professional organization more or less inclusive of various types of interpreting activity. Typically, interpreting services 'get organized' (by institutions or community agencies) before practitioners get organized to shape their professional terms of reference, and much progress in the evolution of community interpreting is still to be made.

Nursing Now!: Today's Issues, Tomorrows Trends

Abstract: Unit I The Growth of Nursing The Development of the Profession Historical Perspectives The Evolution of Licensure, Certification, and Nursing Organizations Theories and Models of Nursing The Process of Educating Nurses Critical Thinking Unit 2 Making the Transition to Professional Ethics in Nursing Bioethical Issues Nursing Law and Liability Test Taking Skills NCLEX: What You Need to Know Reality Shock in the Workplace Unit 3 Leadership and Management Principles of Leadership and Management Communicating Successfully Delegation and Supervision in Nursing Collective Bargaining and Governance The Politically Active Nurse Unit IV Issues in Delivering Care The Healthcare Delivery and Financing System Nursing Informatics Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice Cultural Diversity Spirituality and Healthcare Alternative and Complementary Healing Practices The Changing Face of Nursing.

Gender and Professional Ethics in the IT Industry

Abstract: In this paper, we discuss the ethical responsibility of the Information Technology (IT) industry towards its female workforce Although the growing IT industry experiences skills shortages, there is a declining trend in the representation of women The paper presents evidence that the IT industry is not gender-neutral and that it does little to promote or retain its female workforce We urge that professional codes of ethics in IT should be revised to take into account the diverse needs of its staff

Boundaries and the Use and Misuse of Power and Authority: Ethical Complexities for Clergy Psychotherapists

Abstract: Acknowledging their power and authority and establishing and maintaining clear and safe professional boundaries tend to be complex issues for clergy psychotherapists. The legacy of dual training, insufficient attention to professional ethics, as well as differing role expectations and professional socializations as clergy and counselor make it imperative for clergy psychotherapists to be particularly thoughtful about boundary issues in counseling. This article discusses the vulnerabilities and complexities clergy psychotherapists encounter, particularly matters of multiple relationships, confidentiality, and practice policies. It also proposes preventive actions to raise awareness and safeguard ethical conduct.

Ethics in Plain English: An Illustrative Casebook for Psychologists

Abstract: Ethics in Plain English is a practical and engaging resource that shows psychologists how to apply the principles of APA's Ethics Code to the ethical dilemmas that they encounter in their daily lives. This second edition has been wholly rewritten and updated to make it consistent with the newly revised standards of the APA Ethics Code (2002). Each ethical standard is reproduced in its entirety. Then it is translated into everyday language and is followed by a fictional case study that illustrates, in an entertaining way, how the standard might be applied to a real life situation. Examples of both problematic and exemplary behavior in diverse settings are provided. New to this edition are thought-provoking discussion questions after each case study, making the book even more useful for classroom use or self study. The chapters cover general principles of ethical decision making, as well as a broad range of issues relating to professional competence, human relations, privacy and confidentiality, advertising and other public statements, record keeping and fees, education and training, research and publication, assessment, and therapy. This book will help readers navigate a variety of challenging situations and belongs on the bookshelf of every committed psychologist and mental health professional.

Controversial practices: The need for a reacculturation of early intervention fields.

Abstract: e-mail: Robin_McWilliam@unc.edu As if families didn’t have enough to contend with, the fields designed to help them now include more and more practices that have little research basis, provoke intense debate among professionals, and usually require a disruption of the family’s life. This article explores what makes controversial practices controversial, what some of them are, what makes people adopt them, and what the early intervention field should do now. The purposes of this article are to raise awareness about controversies in the

Professional Responsibility: Just Following the Rules?

Abstract: My subject is a criticism of conduct which runs something like this: 'That's not acting responsibly, that's just following the rules." The criticism appears as an attack on "legalism" in both business and profes sional ethics. While my focus here will be on professional ethics, everything I say should, with minor changes, apply equally well to following corporate or other business codes of ethics. Legalism (it is said) reduces professional responsibility to doing as the profession's code of ethics requires; professional responsibility, like moral responsibility generally, is more open-ended, including (among other things) certain virtues.2 My subject thus overlaps the larger debate in moral theory between "principle ethics" and "virtue ethics." I shall draw some conclusions relevant to that debate. My thesis is that following "the rules," while not all there is to professional ethics, is generally enough for responsible conduct (or, at least, is so when the profession's code of ethics is reasonably well-written, as most are). Rules set the standard of professional conduct; just following those rules, in a relatively robust but not unusual sense of "following those rules," just is acting as a responsible professional.

The Ethics and Conduct of Lawyers in England and Wales

Abstract: Part 1 Professional ethics: the nature of professional ethics professional autonomy and power professional organization and culture. Part 2 Professional commitments: governance and representation the regulatory structure in England and Wales ethics and legal education. Part 3 The focus of professional duties: lawyers and their clients obligations to third parties public service. Part 4 Duties to clients and potential clients: confidentiality conflicts of interest fees and costs. Part 5 Dispute resolution: litigation and bargaining in an adversarial system advocacy services Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). Epilogue.

Calling Academia to Account: Rights and Responsibilities

Abstract: Part 1 Calling to account in the wider world: values and the world of scholarship rights and responsibilities - academic freedom and professional ethics value for money the public interest Part 2 Calling to account within universities: structure and purpose institutional autonomy - academics and managers membership, employment, office making the rules - internal legislation the rights of the subordinate and the insubordinate resolving disputes Part 3 Standards - accounting for academic decisions: the value of a degree peer review and appraisal forming academic judgements ensuring sound procedures reasonableness

Ethical dilemmas of psychotherapists

Abstract: THE ethical basis of psychological practice has received increased attention in recent years. For example, recent Presidential addresses to The British Psychological Society (Lindsay, 1995), the Irish Psychological Society (McGee, 1995) and the Canadian Psychological Association (Pettifor, 1996) have addressed ethics and values. Also, the European Federation of Professional Psychologists Associations approved a meta-code of ethics at its General Assembly in 1995 (EFPPA, 1997), whose requirements all aspiring member associations must meet.

Navigating the nuances: A matrix of considerations for ethical-legal dilemmas.

Abstract: At one time or another, we all have encountered cases with serious ethical and legal implications. How can we know that we have thoroughly explored every facet of these dilemmas? The authors present a 7-category matrix of the following considerations: moral principles and personal values, clinical and cultural considerations, ethics codes, agency or employer policies, statues, rules and regulations, and case law. Two clinical examples illustrate the usefulness of this multidimensional framework for professional psychologists. Implications and applications for practitioners and ethics educators are also discussed.

From a philosopher's perspective, how should animal scientists meet the challenge of contentious issues?

Abstract: This article reviews how professional ethics can be useful in helping animal scientists meet new responsibilities. The transition to a postindustrial period in animal production signals a shift in the nature of contentious issues that animal producers face. Whereas farm income was once the most controversial issue in animal production, producers and animal scientists now face complex risk issues that have overlapping constituencies. Animal scientists need to develop a professional ethic that will stress open and active debate on these issues. Discussion of these issues must take place in the animal science classroom. The new professional ethic should be based on core values required for scientific research. However, departments and professional societies must develop institutions that will permit the values and methods of rationality and truth seeking to be applied in areas where measurement and experimental method are unlikely to resolve disputes, (i.e., to controversial issues that require public discussion and debate). Several specific proposals for such institution building are discussed.

Questioning bioethics. AIDS, sexual ethics, and the duty to warn.

Abstract: Bioethicists have virtually assumed that Tarasoff generated a duty to warn the sexual partners of an HIV-positive man that they risked infection. Yet given the views of sex and of AIDS that have evolved in the gay community, in many cases the parallels to Tarasoff do not hold. Bioethicists should at the least attend to the community's views, and indeed should go beyond doing mere "professional ethics" to participate in the moral self-exploration in which these views are located.

Ethics regarding living-donor organ transplantation.

Abstract: During the last two decades, an intensive discussion has taken place in the field of medical ethics, which has lead to a reawakening of interest in the subject of living-donor organ transplantation and a re-evaluation of the moral problems related to it. In this process, traditional professional ethics have, to a large extent, been replaced by more complex modes of moral reasoning. The ethical principle of respect for the autonomy of persons has proven to be of prime importance in this field.

Intuitive ethics: Understanding and critiquing the role of intuition in ethical decisions

Abstract: This article examines the role intuition plays in forming ethical decisions. First, the article reviews examples of intuitive ethics in professional communication research. Second, the article suggests that intuition is the naturalization of dominant cultural values and beliefs. Third, the article considers naturalized values within institutions and organizations, demonstrating how naturalized values can lead to unquestioned and oppressive institutional practices. Ethical inquiry, according to this view, investigates and denaturalizes those assumptions that are carried forth by intuition. Fourth, the article offers a pedagogical example of this theory, demonstrating how a group of business communication students investigated the intuitive practices of a non‐profit organization. The article concludes by suggesting the value that a “critique of intuition” may have for the teaching, study, and practice of professional ethics.

Changing Values for Nursing and Health Promotion: exploring the policy context of professional ethics

Abstract: In this article we illustrate, and argue for, the importance of researching the social context of health professionals’ ethical agendas and concerns. We draw upon qualitative interview data from 20 nurses working in two occupational health sites, and our discussion focuses mainly upon aspects of the shifting ‘ethical context’ for those nurses with a health promotion remit who are working in the British National Health Service. Within this discussion we also raise a number of potentially substantive issues, including the risks of colluding in ‘double standards’, and the tensions between the practitioner and managerial roles in nursing. Overall, we hope to pose questions about the best ways to understand the ethical agency and responsibilities of health professionals.

Duty to warn and interventions with HIV-positive clients.

Abstract: Complex ethical and legal issues are involved when an HIV-positive client presents a danger to others as a result of engaging in unprotected sex or needle sharing. This article presents a detailed assessment-and-intervention model that is based on the integration of ethical and legal principles with information about the level of risk associated with a client's behavior, the HIV status of the client, and the sexual or needle-sharing partner's awareness of the client's HIV status. Appropriate interventions, including the duty to warn, are identified for each of the risk levels.

Authorship Credit in Supervisor-Student Collaboration: Assessing the Dilemma in Psychology

Abstract: Clear guidelines for authorship credit are not only important to ensure that a researcher gets the academic recognition he or she deserves, but also to avoid personal conflict and even lawsuits. It...

Kohlbergian Contributions to Educational Programs for the Moral Development of Professionals

Abstract: This paper discusses the contributions of Lawrence Kohlberg to the teaching of professional ethics. While rejecting Kohlberg's view that the most advanced stages of moral development must embrace utilitarian or Kantian principles, it agrees with Rest and others that postconventional reasoning is essential for professional ethics. However, it raises questions about how differentiations between conventional and postconventional reasoning can reliably be made. Finally, it suggests areas of psychological research other than moral reasoning that would contribute to the teaching of professional ethics.