Showing papers on "Professional ethics published in 2002"

Evidence-Based Practice: Counterarguments to Objections:

Abstract: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of clients The authors describe and offer counterargumen

Clinical Supervision in the Helping Professions: A Practical Guide

Abstract: Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide PDF, Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide PDF Download, Download Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide PDF, Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Download PDF, Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide by Gerald Corey Download, Free Download Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Ebooks Gerald Corey, PDF Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Popular Download, Read Online Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide E-Books, Read Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Full Collection Gerald Corey, Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Full Collection, Read Best Book Online Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide, Free Download Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Full Popular Gerald Corey, I Was So Mad Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Gerald Corey Ebook Download, Free Download Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Full Version Gerald Corey, PDF Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Free Download, Read Online Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Ebook Popular, Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Free Read Online, PDF Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Full Collection, full book Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide, free online Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide, online free Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide, online pdf Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide, pdf download Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide, Download Free Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Book, Download Online Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Book, Download PDF Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide, Download PDF Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Free Online, pdf free download Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide, read online free Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide, Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Gerald Corey pdf, by Gerald Corey Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide, book pdf Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide, by Gerald Corey pdf Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide, Gerald Corey epub Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide, pdf Gerald Corey Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide, the book Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide, Gerald Corey ebook Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide, Download Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide E-Books, Download Online Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Book, Download pdf Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide, Download Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide E-Books, Download Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Online Free, Read Best Book Online Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide, Read Online Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Book, Read Online Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide E-Books, Read Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Online Free, Read Best Book Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Online, Pdf Books Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide, Read Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Books Online Free, Read Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Full Collection, Read Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Book Free, Read Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Ebook Download, Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide PDF read online, Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Ebooks, Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide pdf read online, Free Download Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Best Book, Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Ebooks Free, Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide PDF Download, Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Popular Download, Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Read Download, Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Full Download, Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Free Download, Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Free PDF Download, Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Free PDF Online, Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Books Online, Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Ebook Download, Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Book Download, PDF Download Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Free Collection, Free Download Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Books [E-BOOK] Clinical Supervision In The Helping Professions: A Practical Guide Full eBook

Planning Theory for Practitioners

Abstract: This book is recommended reading for planners preparing to take the AICP exam. In this new book, the author bridges the gap between theory and practice. The author describes an original approach-Feedback Strategy-that builds on the strengths of previous planning theories with one big difference: it not only acknowledges but welcomes politics-the bogeyman of real-world planning. Don't hold your nose or look the other way, the author advises planners, but use politics to your own advantage. The author admits that most of the time planning theory doesn't have much to do with planning practice. These ideas rooted in the planner's real world are different. This strategy employs everyday poltiical processes to advance planning, trusts planners' personal values and professional ethics, and depends on their ability to help clients articulate a vision. This volume will encourage not only veteran planners searching for a fresh approach, but also students and recent graduates dismayed by the gap between academic theory and actual practice.

Managerial Moral Strategies—In Search of a Few Good Principles

Abstract: The goal of this article is to help managers, students, and scholars contend with moral business problems by urging efforts to develop an adequate “managerial moral strategy.” Integrative social contract theory (ISCT) is arguably the most promising candidate available, but a critical analysis reveals a shortcoming: it lacks sufficient moral content. Alleviating this weakness requires the formulation of the moral principles applicable to management. Doing so will elevate the usefulness and the influence of ISCT and the business ethics enterprise generally.

The Role of Value Priorities and Professional Ethics Training in Moral Sensitivity

Abstract: This study investigated the sensitivity to moral issues from a story in a professional context and development of the ability to interpret moral situations in a sample of 50 social psychology students participating in a one-semester course on professional ethics. The relationships between initial value priorities measured by Schwartz Value Survey (1992) and moral sensitivity were also explored. Nearly half of the respondents (46%) progressed on sensitivity from the pre-test to the post-test, whereas the control group's ( n = 6) mean score declined significantly. Younger respondents and those without any previous degree progressed more in moral sensitivity than older ones and those with previous degree. No gender differences were found in the total moral sensitivity score. However, females and males seemed to focus partially on different issues while interpreting the situation. Concerning the value priorities, respondents with higher regard for the power, hedonism and stimulation value types were lower on ...

Business and Marketing Ethics as Professional Ethics. Concepts, Approaches and Typologies

Abstract: Marketing ethics is normally marketed as a sub-specialization of business ethics. In this paper, marketing ethics serves as an umbrella term for advertising, PR and sales ethics and as an example of professional ethics. To structure the paper, four approaches are distinguished, with a focus on typical professional conflicts, codes, roles or climates respectively. Since the moral climate approachis more inclusive than the other approaches, the last part of the paper deals mainly with moral climates, within the above-mentioned marketing sub-professions.

What medical students know about professionalism.

Abstract: Three different sources of data are used to explore how medical students think about the physician as a professional. The data include exercises employed by the University of Minnesota-School of Medicine to foster professionalism among its medical students, such as the skills of peer review and self reflection, a 20-hour course for first-year medical students in which approximately two-thirds of the course focuses directly (e.g., topic-specific readings and class exercises) and indirectly (e.g., medical training and socialization) on the topic of professionalism, and a set of questions asked during admissions interviews which highlight issues of professionalism. Although the data are neither definitive nor generalizable, they do suggest that medical school applicants approach the admissions process well versed in academic and related (e.g., service activities) requirements, but without having given much thought to what it means to be a physician, particularly in terms of professional values. Once in medical school, students express great enthusiasm for being service oriented and doing good but are not necessarily receptive to the notion that they are obliged in these respects. Instead, students express a variety of utilitarian views on things like codes of ethics and medical oaths to support their stance on nonobligation (sometimes directly and sometimes indirectly). Furthermore, students do not draw distinctions among the values commonly associated with professionalism. In particular, they foresee numerous problems associated with integrating the values of altruism and dutifulness into their future practice of medicine.

An Introduction to Business Ethics

Abstract: Chapter One: Why Study Ethics? Chapter Objectives Discussion Case: Enron Discussion Questions 1.1 Why Study Business Ethics? 1.2 Values and Ethics: Doing Good and Doing Well 1.3 The Nature and Goals of Business Ethics 1.4 Business Ethics and the Law 1.5 Ethics and Ethos 1.6 Morality, Virtues, and Social Ethics 1.7 Ethical Perspectives: Managers and Other Stakeholders Reflections on the Chapter Discussion Case Review Questions Chapter Two: Ethical Theory and Business Chapter Objectives Discussion Case: Executive Compensation Discussion Questions 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Ethical Relativism and Reasoning in Ethics 2.3 Psychological Egoism 2.4 Modern Ethical Theory: Utilitarian Ethics 2.5 Challenges to Utilitarianism 2.6 Utilitarianism and Business Policy 2.7 Deontological Ethics 2.8 Virtue Ethics 2.9 Summary and Review Reflections on the Chapter Discussion Case Review Questions Chapter Three: Corporate Social Responsibility Chapter Objectives Discussion Case: Wal-Mart Discussion Questions 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Classical Model of Corporate Social Responsibility 3.3 Critical Assessment of the Classical Model: The Utilitarian Defense 3.4 Critical Assessment of the Classical Model: The Private Property Defense 3.5 Modified Version of the Classical Model: The Moral Minimum 3.6 The Stakeholder Theory 3.7 Summary and Review Reflections on the Chapter Discussion Case Review Questions Chapter Four: Corporate Culture, Governance and Ethical Leadership Chapter Objectives Discussion Case: Johnson & Johnson Discussion Questions 4.1 What is Corporate Culture 4.2 Culture and Ethics 4.3 Ethical Leadership and Corporate Culture 4.4 Effective Leadership and Ethical Leadership 4.5 Building a Values-Based Corporate Culture 4.6 Mandating and Enforcing Culture: The Federal Sentencing Guidelines 4.7 Summary and Review Reflections on the Chapter Discussion Case Review Questions Chapter Five: The Meaning and Value of Work Chapter Objectives Discussion Case: Great Jobs and Meaningful Jobs Discussion Questions 5.1 Introduction 5.2 The Meanings of Work 5.3 The Value of Work 5.4 Conventional Views of Work 5.5 The Human Fulfillment Model 5.6 The Liberal Model of Work 5.7 Business' Responsibility for Meaningful Work 5.8 Summary and Review Reflections on the Chapter Discussion Case Review Questions Chapter Six: Moral Rights in the Workplace Chapter Objectives Discussion Case: Employee Rights and Wrongs Discussion Questions 6.1 Introduction: Employee Rights 6.2 The Right to Work 6.3 Employment at Will 6.4 Due Process in the Workplace 6.5 Participation Rights 6.6 Employee Health and Safety 6.7 Privacy in the Workplace Reflections on the Chapter Discussion Case Review Questions Chapter Seven: Employee Responsibilities Chapter Objectives Discussion Case: Professional and Managerial Responsibility at Enron and Arthur Andersen Discussion Questions 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The Narrow View of Employee Responsibilities: Employee as Agents 7.3 Professional Ethics and the Gatekeeper Function 7.4 Managerial Responsibility and Conflicts of Interests 7.5 Trust and Loyalty in the Workplace 7.6 Responsibilities to Third Parties: Honesty, Whistleblowing, and Insider Trading Honesty Whistleblowing Insider Trading Reflections on the Chapter Discussion Case Review Questions Chapter Eight: Marketing Ethics: Product Safety and Pricing Chapter Objectives Discussion Case: Safety and Pricing in the Pharmaceutical Industry Discussion Questions 8.1 Introduction: Marketing and Ethics 8.2 Ethical Issues in Marketing: An Overview 8.3 Product Safety: From Caveat Emptor to Negligence 8.4 Strict Products Liability 8.5 Ethics and Pricing Reflections on the Chapter Discussion Case Review Questions Chapter Nine: Marketing Ethics: Advertising and Target Marketing Chapter Objectives Discussion Case: Advertising and Marketing in the Pharmaceutical Industry Discussion Questions 9.1 Introduction: Ethics of Sales, Advertising, and Product Placement 9.2 Regulating Deceptive and Unfair Sales and Advertising 9.3 Marketing Ethics and Consumer Autonomy 9.4 Targeting the Vulnerable: Marketing and Sales Reflections on the Chapter Discussion Case Review Questions Chapter Ten: Business' Environmental Responsibilities Chapter Objectives Discussion Case: Interface Corporation and Sustainable Business Discussion Questions 10.1 Introduction: Environmental Responsibilities 10.2 Environmental Pragmatism: Towards a Consensus on Environmental Responsibility 10.3 Corporate Social Responsibility and the Environment 10.4 Business' Responsibility and Environmental Regulation 10.5 Business Ethics and Sustainable Economics 10.6 Business Ethics in the Age of Sustainable Development 10.7 Conclusions Reflections on the Chapter Discussion Case Review Questions Chapter Eleven: Diversity and Discrimination Chapter Objectives Discussion Case: Female Foreman and the Brotherhood Discussion Questions 11.1 Introduction: Diversity and Equality 11.2 Discrimination, Equal Opportunity, and Affirmative Action 11.3 Preferential Treatment in Employment 11.4 Arguments against Preferential Hiring 11.5 Arguments in Support of Preferential Hiring 11.6 Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Reflections on the Chapter Discussion Case Review Questions Chapter Twelve: International Business and Globalization Chapter Objectives Discussion Case: Sweatshops Discussion Questions 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Ethical Relativism and Cross-Cultural Values 12.3 Cross-Cultural Values and International Rights 12.4 Globalization and International Business 12.5 Globalization and the Poor 12.6 "Race to the Bottom" 12.7 Democracy, Cultural Integrity, and Human Rights Reflections on the Chapter Discussion Case Review Questions Index

Preferred Strategies for Learning Ethics in the Practice of a Discipline

Abstract: There are very few formal evaluations of the impact of instructional practices on the effectiveness of strategies for learning professional ethics. The assessment of ethical knowledge and skills is important in current discussions of professional mobility across North American jurisdictions. The present study investigated adult learners' perceived level of helpfulness of seven strategies when learning seven different ethical content areas. Adult learners rated interactive strategies as more helpful for learning compared to traditional didactic methods. Adult learners rated the helpfulness of various strategies differently for different content areas, indicating that several strategies may be useful. We conclude by making recommendations for further investigation of the effectiveness of various learning strategies in terms of knowledge gained and subsequent behaviour. The increasing emphasis on ethical issues in the science and practice of psychology requires psychologists to carry out more empirical studies on the effectiveness of learning strategies. There are very few published evaluations of the effectiveness of instructional practices or outcomes in the teaching of ethics in psychology. Faculty, thus, are relying on the good-hearted assumptions that current ethics courses have been appropriately designed (Welfel, 1992). The literature relating to ethics and professional accountability in psychology was almost nonexistent until after World War II, but it has increased significantly since the 1970s (Sinclair, 1993). The impetus for addressing ethics may have come from two precipitating factors. One was the postwar disclosure of atrocities conducted in Nazi Germany in the name of science. The other was the rapid postwar professionalization of applied psychology (Sinclair, 1993; Sinclair, Simon, & Pettifor, 1996). The first formal regulation of psychological practice in North America began in Connecticut in 1945. Since then American states and the Canadian provinces have all adopted regulatory legislation. Regulation requires the definition of standards for competent and ethical practice. Ethics questions are included on the Examination for Professional Practice of Psychology and on oral examinations that are required by most regulatory jurisdictions (Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards, ASPPB, 1999). The accreditation of professional training programs in Canada and the United States requires the teaching of ethics (American Psychological Association, 1996; Canadian Psychological Association, 1991b). Professions develop codes of ethics to guide the behaviour of their members in the practice of their discipline. Aspirational codes of ethics articulate the fundamental moral values on which behavioural standards are based. Professional disciplines avoid intruding on the personal values and behaviours of members as long as they do not bring discredit to the profession (Pettifor, 1996). Nevertheless, the underlying values of codes of ethics reflect the cultural values and mores of the society in which they are formulated, and therefore significant conflict between personal and professional values normally would not occur. Professions may also develop codes of conduct to define specific behaviours that are expected of members and for which violations may incur disciplinary sanctions (Association of Provincial and State Psychology Boards, 1991). All professional codes of ethics and codes of conduct address in one way or another the issues of respect, rights, confidentiality, informed consent, diversity, well-being of consumers, competency, professional boundaries, conflict of interest, honesty, and, sometimes, responsibility to society. Psychologists require knowledge of the profession's requirements for ethical standards and they require skill in recognizing and resolving ethical dilemmas. Strategies for developing knowledge may differ from strategies for developing skills. …

Notes towards a professional ethics for psychiatry.

Abstract: Objective: The uniqueness of psychiatry calls for a unique ethics. By identifying the features distinguishing psychiatry as medical and social practice, this article seeks to illustrate the methodology by which that ethics can be derived and to determine what kind of a framework and focus such an ethics requires.Method: The author is an analytically trained philosopher and employs the method of conceptual analysis.Results: At least three characteristics are suggested by the features which taken together constitute psychiatry's uniqueness: an ethical framework accommodating character, a rubric for acknowledging boundary violations, and an emphasis on gender.Conclusions: The larger task of formulating the substance and details of that unique ethics is the next step.

E-therapy : case studies, guiding principles, and the clinical potential of the Internet

Abstract: Here, a leading provider of online mental health information, Dr. Robert Hsiung, has gathered a group of distinguished contributors to discuss clinical, ethical, and legal issues pertaining to e-therapy. Full of case studies and examples of active programs that deliver mental health information and therapy via new media, E-Therapy offers first-hand accounts of the potential and risks of recent trends in 'distance therapy' and 'telepsychiatry.' Chapters include * The Internet 'Expert': Ronald Pies * An E-Patient's Story: Martha Ainsworth * Chat Room Therapy: Gary S. Stofle * Using E-mail to Support Outpatient Treatment: Joel Yager * Community Telepsychiatry: Sara F. Gibson * An Online Self-Help Group Hosted by a Mental Health Professional: Robert C Hsiung * Principles of Professional Ethics: Robert C Hsiung * Legal Ethics in On-line Mental Health: Nicholas P. Terry

Moving from Codes of Ethics to Ethical Relationships for Midwifery Practice

Abstract: This discussion examines the emergence of professional codes of ethics, influences that shape contemporary midwifery ethics, and the adequacy of codes to actualize values embedded in the midwifery ethics discourse. It considers the traditions of professional practice, the impact of institutionalization on health care, the application of a code of practice as a recent addition to those traditions, and the strengths and weaknesses of codes of ethics as models for ethical responses. That is, it sets out to articulate and deconstruct existing frames of ethical response. The ethics of strangers (normative theory and abstract principles) are rejected as inadequate, and the ethics of intimates (feminist-relational ethics) are proposed as a more adequate guide for well-woman centred midwifery practice.

Code of Professional Ethics for Simulationists

Abstract: The proposed code of professional ethics for simulationists covers the following five areas: Personal development and the profession, professional competence, trustworthiness, property rights and due credit, and compliance with the code.

Contracting for supervision

Abstract: The changing job market has increased the demand for psychologists to serve as clinical supervisors of other mental health service providers; however, such supervisory arrangements inevitably increase legal exposure and pose unique ethical challenges for the supervising psychologist. A detailed sample supervision contract incorporating ethical and practice standards of psychology is offered. Although such contracts may not be legally binding, these agreements help facilitate (a) an adherence to these professional and ethical standards, (b) effective supervisory practices, and (c) the quality of care for the persons receiving psychological services.

Professional Ethics - a Managerial Opportunity in Emerging Organizations

Abstract: Professional Ethics, viewed as a managerial challenge and opportunity in this study, deals with the often overlooked conceptions, actions and behavior of individuals who see themselves both as members of a profession and as members of an organization. Managers have to deal with this dual loyalty and inherent potential for conflict. This is of particular importance for new types of organizations when wanting to develop and sustain an ethical platform for the ultimate goal – assuring that future business decisions of individuals are in "ethical balance" with the organization's own values and goals.

Cultural Considerations in Release of Information

Abstract: In most mental health professions, confidentiality is probably the most important ethical principle in psychology, aside from nonmalfeasance. However, confidentiality is embedded in the Western values of individuality and autonomy. This creates a moral and ethical dilemma for clinicians working with clients from other cultures. This article presents 3 cases to highlight the conflict that many clinicians are likely to face with regard to confidentiality when working with clients from South Asia and similar cultures. The importance of understanding how cultural values may contradict professional ethics and some ways in which the clinician can address them are also discussed.

Relational professional autonomy.

Abstract: The notion of “relational” autonomy—as described by feminist scholars such as Susan Sherwin and Anne Donchin—has been the subject of a significant body of literature over the last few years and has recently generated some interest within the field of bioethics. Although the focus of this interest has been the autonomy of ordinary moral agents, the analysis of relational autonomy can usefully be extended to apply to the autonomy of professionals, not only as individual moral agents, but in their roles as professionals as well. In this paper, I argue that professional autonomy, rightly understood, is relational in nature. This understanding of professional autonomy stands to improve our understanding of professional ethics, as well as providing a particular, concrete example of what we mean when we call autonomy “relational” and “socially embedded.

A new era of dental education at the University of Sydney, Australia.

Abstract: Dental education is currently under scrutiny in order to most appropriately address community needs for the new millennium. Educational outcomes need to include a commitment to life-long learning, and an emphasis on professional ethics and moral responsibility. These needs are supported by new forms of information delivery with a focus on the electronic media, by student centred and self-directed coursework, and by clinical stimulation. Additionally, at the University of Sydney, selection will follow a first degree. This will allow candidates time for an informed decision to be made for their future professional career and for a period of experience in the tertiary education system.

The Handbook of Family Dispute Resolution: Mediation Theory and Practice

Abstract: No matter your profession (attorney, clinician, family therapist) or skill level (seasoned professional or novice), The Handbook of Family Dispute Resolution is an invaluable resource that outlines the most effective mediation approaches, techniques, and skills. The Handbook of Family Dispute Resolution is a practical and comprehensive guide that includes * A review of professional ethics and standards * Help for attorneys who are not trained in the skills needed for working with families * Information about cultural issues that affect families during mediation * Highlights of key legal and negotiation skills * Guidelines for understanding complex family dynamics and conflicts * A screening tool for evaluating domestic violence * A matrix for starting discussions of parenting plans based on children's needs * An examination of specialized practices for family mediation * Direction for assessing one's professional approach to family mediation

The Theoretical Ground for Public Relations Practice and Ethics: A Koehnian Analysis

Abstract: Public relations literature laments the lack of a theoretical base for the practice and ethics of public relations. Drawing primarily upon Koehn (The Ground of Professional Ethics, 1994) and Hutton (Public Relations Review, 1999), this paper proposes such a theoretical ground.The paper adopts Hutton's assertion that "the central organizing theme of public relations theory and practice" is relationships(Hutton, 1999, p. 209). It also relies upon Koehn (1994) to provide a theoretical discussion of the nature of professions, and the ground upon which professional ethics and public trust in the professions are based. It concludes, from a Koehnian perspective, that for public relations to move from the expertise and contractual models of practice into a covenantal model as a profession worthy of public trust, the field must devote itself to a defined human good (relationships), and must be grounded in a public pledge to serve this good.

Health promotion and professional ethics

Abstract: Section One -- Why Health Promotion Ethics?. Chapter 1 Values and Health Promotion: Some Fundamentals. Chapter 2 The Challenge to Professional Ethics. Section Two -- Values and Ethics in Health Promotion Practice. Chapter 3 Empowerment or Control? Behavioural Counselling and Face--to--Face education. Chapter 4 Individual or Community Benefit? Considering Teenage Pregnancy. Chapter 5 Do We Know What Wea re Doing? Evidence and the Ethics of Lifestyle Change. Chapter 6 Who Decides What to Do? A Food Policy Case. Section Three -- Towards Ethically Defensible Health Promotion. Chapter 7 Codes and Guidelines: Can They Help Health Promotion?. Chapter 8 Lessons from Applied Ethics. Chapter 9 Some Resources for the Reflective Health Promoter

The codes of ethics of the Canadian Psychological Association and the Canadian Medical Association: Ethical orientation and functional grammar analysis.

Abstract: The Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists (Canadian Psychological Association, CPA, 2000) has been the subject of several recent investigations. This work has focused, for example, on the validity of its hierarchical organization of ethical principles. In the present research, we subjected the code to both a content and a functional grammar analysis. Our content analysis was aimed at determining the theoretical ethical orientation (i.e., deontological, teleological or caring) of each statement in the document, while the functional grammar analysis provided information about implicit messages embedded within the code. We contrasted the results of our analysis with those of previous work on the code of ethics adopted by the Canadian Medical Association (CMA). We concluded that, compared to CMA's code, the CPA document has greater educational value, is less authoritarian, provides a clear rationale for ethical behaviour, and is more empowering to the decision-maker. We argue that the results of our functional grammar and content analyses have implications for future attempts to improve ethics codes for psychology and other professions. Many organizations and most national professional associations have adopted codes of ethics. Such documents serve an educational function (e.g., O'Neill, 1998) and communicate important expectations to the membership of these organizations. Codes also serve to facilitate a profession's ability to self-regulate. They may also function as a means by which members can question their own personal values as they relate to their professional role (Meyer, 1987). Externally, codes of ethics assure the public, clients, and other stakeholders that members of a profession are competent, have a high level of integrity, and are able to enforce high moral standards (Pettifor, 1996). Codes of ethics also help professionals commit publicly and explicitly to their association's values, norms, beliefs, and philosophy and make them accountable (Dunbar, 1998; Pettifor, 1996). The Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists (Canadian Psychological Association, 1986, 2000) was designed to incorporate the collective wisdom of Canadian psychologists (Sinclair, Poisner, GilmourBarrett, & Randall, 1987). Sinclair et al. (1987) described the methodology that was used in the code's development. Briefly, the process involved the creation of 37 vignettes describing hypothetical ethical dilemmas. The dilemmas related to the ethical principles that were articulated in the 1977 edition of the code adopted by the American Psychological Association (APA, 1977). They also involved conflicts between ethical principles as well as psychological practice issues and situations involving innovative but untested approaches. Sinclair et al. formulated questions to elicit self-accepted ethical principles. They asked 400 Canadian psychologists to each respond to a series of questions about a portion of the vignettes. One hundred and twenty-five agreed to participate but only 59 responses were received. The researchers submitted these responses to a content analysis that focused on the reasons provided for the courses of action selected by the respondents. They organized the relevant statements into categories that reflected superordinate ethical principles. The resulting document consisted of four fundamental ethical principles (Respect for the Dignity of Persons, Responsible Caring, Integrity in Relationships, and Responsibility to Society). A consultative process with provincial regulatory bodies supported the validity of the document. Although the code has since undergone revisions, it still is based largely on the original document and its four fundamental ethical principles (CPA, 2000). The CPA (1986, 2000) code has received plenty of praise for its coherence, organization, and unique features (e.g., Booth, 1998; Dixon, 1998; Hadjistavropoulos & Malloy, 2000; Sinclair, 1998; Wassenaar, 1998); however, empirical research (e. …

Ethical Considerations Affecting Teaching in Community Colleges: An Abundance of Feelings and Limited Facts.

Abstract: A kaleidoscopic array of real and perceived unethical behaviors and practices involving teachers in higher education is making the news and troubling the faculty and administration of community colleges throughout the country. This article explores and reflects upon current and classic ethical issues faced by community college faculty members in their roles as teachers. Further, the article endeavors to ascertain what types of ethical guideposts are available for faculty members and what gaps may exist in the research on this subject. Specifically, the article addresses the following questions: (1) What are some of the major ethical issues currently confronting faculty in community colleges?; (2) What guidance - by type and by content - does the current literature offer to faculty when addressing the identified issues?; (3) What formal guidelines exist regarding professional ethics for faculty in community colleges and what similarities and differences are evident in the existing guidelines?; and (4) What...

Ethics education after licensing: ideas for increasing diversity in content and process.

Abstract: Continuing professional education in ethics for psychologists is becoming more common, as psychology licensing boards in 14 states now require continuing education in ethics as a condition of licensure renewal. This article suggests ways to improve the quality of ethics continuing education by diversifying the content and teaching methods.