Showing papers on "Professional ethics published in 2006"

Self‐knowledge, capacity and sensitivity: Prerequisites to authentic leadership by school principals

Abstract: Purpose – The article proposes three prerequisites to authentic leadership by school principals: self‐knowledge, a capacity for moral reasoning, and sensitivity to the orientations of others.Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual framework, based on research on the valuation processes of school principals and their strategic responses to ethical dilemmas, is used as a practice grounded approach to describing authentic leadership and the acquisition of moral literacy by school leaders.Findings – Four motivational bases for administrative decision making are described: self‐interest/personal preferences, rational consensus, rational consequences, and trans‐rational ethics/principles. The achievement of self‐knowledge, capacity and sensitivity to others can be best achieved in professional settings through strategies of personal reflective practice, and sustained dialogue on moral issues and the ethical dilemmas of educational practice.Practical implications – Principals need the capacity to discriminate...

An examination of the ethical commitment of professional accountants to auditor independence

Abstract: This research explores the relationship between work context and professional ethics. Specifically, we analyze through an online survey of professional accountants the degree to which changing work conditions have altered individual accountants’ commitment to the core professional value of auditor independence. We argue that certain changes in the condition of work have made some categories of accountants more susceptible to the logic of commercialism rather than the logic of professionalism. We find general support for this argument. We observe that accountants working outside of public accounting have a higher commitment to independence than do accountants working in the context of public accounting firms. We further observe that accountants in large international accounting firms (i.e. the “Big Four”) report lower commitment to auditor independence than do others in public accounting. And we observe that older accountants report stronger commitment to auditor independence. One finding, however, contradicts our general thesis. We find that commitment to one’s client does not necessarily result in a loss of commitment to the core professional value of independence. We conclude that changes in the context of work have contributed to the demise of ethics among professional accountants and suggest that further research be done to elaborate the relationship between client commitment and independence commitment.

Teacher ethics as a research problem: syntheses achieved and new issues

Abstract: Research on teacher ethics and the moral dimensions of teaching has contributed to extensive and valuable knowledge, which has sometimes led to constructive syntheses of positions. Four research problems which have been elucidated are discussed in this article: the relationship between care and justice, the conflict between the ethics of virtue and the ethics of rules, the relationship between moral education and professional ethics and what is morally significant in the teaching profession. Furthermore, an invitation to renew the discussion and formulate the next generation of research problems is made. Two issues are proposed. First, to answer the question why is it so difficult to be a morally good teacher and, second, teachers' moral responsibility for the content taught.

An Introduction to Veterinary Medical Ethics: Theory and Cases

Abstract: Part I: Theory Social, Personal, and Professional Ethics Ethical Vectors in Veterinary Medicine The Anatomy of Ethical Decision Making The Nature of Ethical Theory Effecting Ethical Change The Fundamental Question of Veterinary Ethics New Patterns of Animal Use Articulating a New Ethic for Animals Veterinarians and the New Social Ethic for Animals How Veterinary Medicine Should Respond to the New Ethic:The Case of Animal Research Veterinarians and Farm Animal Welfare Subtle Advantages of Pursuing Companion Animal Welfare Pain in Veterinary (and Human) Scientific Medicine Part II: Cases

The Value of Nurses’ Codes: European nurses’ views

Abstract: Nurses are responsible for the well-being and quality of life of many people, and therefore must meet high standards of technical and ethical competence. The most common form of ethical guidance is a code of ethics/professional practice; however, little research on how codes are viewed or used in practice has been undertaken. This study, carried out in six European countries, explored nurses' opinions of the content and function of codes and their use in nursing practice. A total of 49 focus groups involving 311 nurses were held. Purposive sampling ensured a mix of participants from a range of specialisms. Qualitative analysis enabled emerging themes to be identified on both national and comparative bases. Most participants had a poor understanding of their codes. They were unfamiliar with the content and believed they have little practical value because of extensive barriers to their effective use. In many countries nursing codes appear to be 'paper tigers' with little or no impact; changes are needed in the way they are developed and written, introduced in nurse education, and reinforced/implemented in clinical practice.

Validating professional standards and codes: Challenges and opportunities

Abstract: This article presents a focus group study on the validation of the California Standards for Healthcare Interpreters produced by the California Healthcare Interpreting Association (CHIA) in 2002. The reactions of healthcare interpreters to the Standards, and their opinions and thoughts on its provisions are reviewed and analyzed. The article first addresses the issues and problems healthcare interpreters encounter when implementing the Standards, and highlights the challenges they face when trying to balance their professional mandate with the reality of their working environment. In particular, it describes the difficulties of defining the interpreter’s role in the system. The final section of the article draws attention to the need for bridges between research and practice as a means of guaranteeing that the field of interpreting will continue to develop.

A Defense of Unqualified Medical Confidentiality

Abstract: It is broadly held that confidentiality may be breached when doing so can avert grave harm to a third party. This essay challenges the conventional wisdom. Neither legal duties, personal morality nor personal values are sufficient to ground professional obligations. A methodology is developed drawing on core professional values, the nature of professions, and the justification for distinct professional obligations. Though doctors have a professional obligation to prevent public peril, they do not honor it by breaching confidentiality. It is shown how the protective purpose to be furthered by reporting is defeated by the practice of reporting. Hence there is no conflict between confidentiality and the professional responsibility to protect endangered third parties.

The ethical practice of psychology in organizations

Abstract: Personnel Selection (Cases 1-13) Organizational Diagnosis and Intervention (Cases 14-27) Managing Consulting Relationships (Cases 28-34) Research and Academic Issues (Cases 35-44) Professional Training and Certification Issues (Cases 45-47) Billing and Marketing Issues (Cases 48-51) The Ethics of Professional Behaviour (Cases 52-61).

Social Contract Theory Implications for Professional Ethics

Abstract: Social contract theorists of the 17th and 18th centuries provide diverse accounts of human nature and the social processes that shape conflict, cooperation, and compliance. These ideas are applied to the challenges of contemporary public administration, specifically; the effort that often underlies both the search for public administration's identity and professionalization more generally: the effort to build consensus on shared values and ideals and ensure ethical practice with a minimum of external policing. A consideration of social contract theory yields a heavy dose of realism when it comes to this objective but invites neither despondency nor complacency.

Normative practices as an intermediate between theoretical ethics and morality

Abstract: One of the career options Ede Christian University for higher professional education (CHE) offers is nursing. As a Christian professional school, the ECU provides learning environments for nursing students to become professionals who are to exhibit a Christian life style, values and professional ethics. Nursing graduates of our school in general may have a Christian disposition regarding major issues in health care like displaying respect for patients, having a correct attitude, practising informed consent, displaying confidentiality, and avoiding euthanasia etc. A worrying development for educators, though, is that often within a year after their graduation these young nursing professionals may adopt the secularized behaviour predominant in their workplace, even when that behaviour in some respects contrasts with the values they internalized during their nursing education. (Fortunately, it can also be noted that later in their career, the graduates of our school may return to the values and norms they once learned at school. What on first sight did not seem ‘practical’ to adhere to in the workplace, some do come to recognize as essential for their own morally competent performance of their practice). Apparently, the shaping force of the social context of a professional practice can be stronger than the personal beliefs young professionals adopt before their graduation.

Professional Integrity: Thinking Ethically

Abstract: Discussions of professional ethics tend to emphasize what not to do. Why, Michael Pritchard asks, should they not also consider the ethical heights to which professionals should aspire? Pritchard, who has taught professional ethics for more than twenty-five years, here explores the interplay of virtues, ideals, and moral rules in everyday life and the professions. In elegant prose, he emphasizes the positive dimension of professional ethics-actions that thoughtful, conscientious people ought to perceive and pursue in their careers. As Pritchard observes, problems of professional ethics originate in an increasingly specialized society where few people are able to evaluate, let alone discredit, the actions of any given expert; all too often, we trust experts because it's all we can do. Pritchard addresses this concern by focusing on different conceptions of the responsibilities of individual professionals, illustrating the best of what professional ethics might offer through true stories of people from various professions engineering, business, architecture, the health sciences who have felt ethically impelled to go beyond the call of duty. Integrating moral theory with a wide range of practical concerns good works, cooperation, trustworthiness Pritchard shows how professionals might make conscious decisions for good, such as performing socially meaningful work for lower compensation or persevering to see a project through to a proper outcome. Extending the work of developmental psychologists to the realm of professional ethics, he shows how to foster character in responsible professionals through postsecondary education and professional guilds-and urges that even children should be encouraged to envision the greater good. "Professional Integrity" offers valuable insights not only for philosophers interested in professional responsibility but also for general readers in a variety of settings, demonstrating that practical ethics and professional responsibility are rich and complex notions that require skills and character traits that ideally need to be cultivated at an early age. In an era of insider trading, kickbacks, and cooked books, it speaks to a long-felt need with a refreshingly positive approach."

Counseling ethics and decision making

Abstract: PART I Overview of Ethical, Professional, and Legal Issues in Counseling 1 Introduction to Ethical Issues and Decision-Making in Counseling 2 Counseling and the Mental Health Professions 3 Introduction to Ethical Principles and Standards in Counseling 4 Ethics and the Law PART II Values and Decision-Making 5 Values, Virtues, and Care in Counseling 6 Ethical Decision-Making Processes PART III Organizational and Administrative Issues 7 Ethical Climate 8 Office, Administrative, and Business Practices PART IV Ethical Challenges and Emerging Issues 9 Ethics and Client Health 10 Ethics and Technology 11 Ethics and Multiculturalism PART V Ethical Practice with Counseling Specialties 12 Couple and Family Counseling 13 School Counseling 14 Mental Health Counseling and Assessment 15 Career Counseling 16 Group Counseling 17 Rehabilitation Counseling 18 Addiction Counseling 19 The Ethics of Clinical Supervision PART VI Conclusion 20 The Ethical Professional Counselor Appendix A: ACA Code of Ethics (2005 Appendix B: Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct 2002 Appendix C: Informed Written Consent for Treatment Checklist Appendix D: Information You Have a Right to Know Appendix E: Feminist Therapy Code of Ethics Appendix F: APA Statement on Services by Telephone, Teleconferencing, and Internet Appendix G: The Practice of Internet Counseling Appendix H: Ethical Standards for Internet On-line Counseling Appendix I: NCDA Guidelines for the Use of the Internet for Provision of Career Information and Planning Services Appendix J: APA Guidelines for Providers of Psychological Services to Ethnic, Linguistic, and Culturally Diverse Populations Appendix K: Operationalization of the Multicultural Counseling Competencies Appendix L: Ethical Code for the International Association of Marriage and Family Counselors (2005) Appendix M: AAMFT Code of Ethics (2001) Appendix N: Ethical Standards for School Counselors (2004) Appendix O: Family Educational Rights and Privacy ACT (FERPA) Appendix P: American Mental Health Counselors Association Code of Ethics (2000) Appendix Q: Responsibilities of Users of Standardized Tests Appendix R: National Career Development Association Ethical Standards Appendix S: Association for Specialists in Group Work Best Practice Guidelines (1998) Appendix T: Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors Appendix U: Scope of Practice for Rehabilitation Counseling Appendix V: ACES Ethical Standards Appendix W: Required Content Areas for Training in Clinical Supervision Appendix X: The ACS Code of Ethics Glossary Index

Becoming an Ethical Helping Professional: Cultural and Philosophical Foundations

Abstract: Acknowledgments. About the Authors. About the Contributors. Preface. Section One: The Foundation. One. Counseling Ethics and the Big Picture. Two. Philosophical and Culture: Roots and Prisms. Three. Ethics Codes, Codes of Conduct, Employer Policies, and the Law. Four. Professional Identity Development: Values and Definitions. Section Two: The Day to Day Challenges Common to All. Five. The Helping Relationship: From Beginning to End. Six. Confidentiality and Trust. Seven. Boundaries, Roles, and Limits. Eight. Assessment, Evaluation, Testing: Peering Through the Right Lenses. Nine. Competence, Accountability, and Research: How We Know What We Should Know. Section Three: Specific Specialties and Professional Identities. Ten. Counseling in the Schools, (By John Sommers-Flanagan, Nancy Bodenhorn, and Rita Sommers-Flanagan). Eleven. Psychotherapy, Mental Health Counseling, and Career Counseling. Twelve. More Specialties: Families, Couples, Rehabilitation, Addictions, Pastoral. Thirteen. Teaching, Mentoring, Supervision. Epilogue. References. Appendix A: Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Author Index. Subject Index. About the DVD.

Being fit: The ethics of practice diversification in performance psychology.

Abstract: The ethics of practice diversification in the field generically described as performance psychology— including sport psychology, organizational consulting, and performing arts psychology—is examined. Since the field is in the process of development and psychologists come to this type of practice from a variety of paths, ethical issues in this type of practice bear particularly careful attention. This article reviews the primary ethical issues involved, including preparation for diversified practice; competence; interpersonal and relational issues; and presentation to the public. Currently emerging concerns are also discussed. The article concludes with specific suggestions for the practitioner interested in this field.

The ethical practice of psychology in organizations (2nd ed.).

Abstract: the ethical practice of psychology in organizations 2nd edition are a good way to achieve details about operating certainproducts. Many products that you buy can be obtained using instruction manuals. These user guides are clearlybuilt to give step-by-step information about how you ought to go ahead in operating certain equipments. Ahandbook is really a user's guide to operating the equipments. Should you loose your best guide or even the productwould not provide an instructions, you can easily obtain one on the net. You can search for the manual of yourchoice online. Here, it is possible to work with google to browse through the available user guide and find the mainone you'll need. On the net, you'll be able to discover the manual that you might want with great ease andsimplicity

Moral creativity in science and engineering.

Abstract: Creativity in science and engineering has moral significance and deserves attention within professional ethics, in at least three areas. First, much scientific and technological creativity constitutes moral creativity because it generates moral benefits, is motivated by moral concern, and manifests virtues such as beneficence, courage, and perseverance. Second, creativity contributes to the meaning that scientists and engineers derive from their work, thereby connecting with virtues such as authenticity and also faults arising from Faustian trade-offs. Third, morally creative leadership is important at all levels of science and engineering.

Professional ethics and practice in archives and records management in a human rights context

Abstract: This article contains a survey of ethical codes adopted by the Archives and Records Management (ARM) professional associations in Anglophone areas in the 1990s and notes that such codes are in effect standards to set beside other standards. The Museums Association code of ethics is compared, because it is aimed at institutions and not at individual professionals. It can be observed that institutional aims contain a strong ethical component. This is backed by procedural standards and guidelines required by new legislation in the UK (notably Freedom of Information and Data Protection). ARM professionals are faced with growing tensions in the interfaces between them and creators of records, owners of records, users and data subjects. Ethical decisions are constantly being demanded in all these areas. There is then a review of ARM responses to the human rights movement internationally, ranging from the ethical code proposed by the Quintana Report (1997), through subsequent discussions at CITRA, the Vienna Congress of the International Council on Archives (2004) and the University of Liverpool conference on archives and political pressures (2003). The article concludes by proposing that codes of ethics should be extended to direct the work of institutions as well as of individuals, that ethical principles embedded in procedural standards and guidelines should be recognised and codified, and that human rights issues should be explicitly recognised in ARM services through mission and policy statements.

“Trust”, professional power and social theory: Lessons from a post‐Foucauldian framework

Abstract: Purpose – This paper sets out to examine the relationship between trust and professional power in the context of post‐Foucauldian social theory. Understood in its micro‐political terms and conceived as impacting on individual identity and agency at a number of levels: intrapersonal, interpersonal, organisational and macro levels.Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual and theoretical approach.Findings – The findings illustrate that the concept of “trust” and relationship to health services can be understood through a post‐Foucauldian lens.Research limitations/implications – This is a very theoretical paper with implications for epistemological development grounded in understanding “trust” and ethics of self.Originality/value – This is an original paper on post‐Foucauldian analysis of trust and relationship to health policy and professional autonomy.

Ethical Clinical Practice and Sport Psychology: When Two Worlds Collide

Abstract: From their own practices, the authors offer insight into potential ethical dilemmas that may frequently develop in an applied psychology setting in which sport psychology is also being practiced. Specific ethical situations offered for the reader's consideration include confidentiality with coaches, administration, parents, and athlete-clients; accountability in ethical billing practices and accurate diagnosing; identification of ethical boundaries in nontraditional practice settings (locker room, field, rink, etc.); and establishment of professional competence as it relates to professional practice and marketing.

Reconciling Rules with Context An Ethical Framework for Cultural Psychotherapy

Abstract: In psychotherapy practice, a complex relationship exists between clients, culture and values. By drawing on psychology, philosophy and anthropology, we developed an interdisciplinary ethical framework for cultural psychotherapy. The framework, which reflects a hermeneutic approach, avoids the excesses of both an ‘objective’ view of ethics (and its relation to selfhood) and the social constructionist view, which tends towards relativism. To take this middle path, therapists need to do more than familiarize themselves with the professional codes of ethics set out for this practice. These ethical codes and the rules that constitute them are important, but they should not replace the difficult work of ethical thinking and judgment. These processes require psychotherapists to engage in the (often) difficult task of gaining a better understanding of a client’s culture or context, including their conceptions of good, and critiquing or correcting instances where the therapists’ own moral or cultural prejudices di...

Normalización del discurso homofóbico: aspectos bioéticos

Abstract: The homophobia is present in all social discourses, but we do not realize it due to the normalization of certain rejection behaviors against homosexual persons. This paper analyzes specifically the homophobic discourse of health care personnel. The professional ethics dictates this personnel treats with respect and dignity to all patients. Nevertheless it has been proved that there are some prejudice attitudes in health care centers which diminish the possibility of health care assistances to patients and generate a poor and distrusted relationship between the health care professional and the patient.

Public ethics and governance : standards and practices in comparative perspective

Abstract: Introduction. (F. Thompson). Path Dependence and Self-Reinforcing Processes in the Regulation of Ethics in Politics: Toward a Framework for Comparative Analysis. (D. Saint-Martin). The Ethics Eruption: Sources and Catalysts. (R. Williams). Codes of Conduct for Public Officials in Europe: Common Label, Divergent Purposes. (D. Hine). Political Ethics and Responsible Government. (A. Potter). Comparing Systems of Ethics Regulation. (O. Gay). Canada's Upside-Down World of Public-Sector Ethics. (A. Stark). The Costs and Benefits of Ethics Laws. (B.A. Rosenson). The Effects of Legislative Ethics Law: An Institutional Perspective. (A. Rosenthal). Managerial Leadership and the Ethical Importance of Legacy. (J.P. Dobel). Professional Ethics for Politicians? (J. Uhr). Ethical Political Conduct and Fidelity to the Democratic Ethos. (C.M. Macleod). Governing Pluralism. (A. Sabl). Ethical Reasoning, Epistemology, and Administrative Inquiry. (J.W. Myers, F. Thompson).