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Showing papers on "Professional ethics published in 2013"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Current principles for ethical research involving humans and their implications for impact assessment practice generally and social impact assessment specifically are identified and discussed.
Abstract: Drawing on various national statements on the ethical conduct of research, the codes of ethics of professional associations and international agencies, and ethical guidelines in social research met...

192 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the relationship between personal engagement and professional accountability in social work, considering whether the increasing focus on professional accountability is incompatible with the personal engagement of social workers with service users and with their work.
Abstract: This article examines the relationship between personal engagement and professional accountability in social work—considering whether the increasing focus on professional accountability in the context of the new public management, public austerity and market-based systems of welfare is incompatible with the personal engagement of social workers with service users and with their work. After undertaking a conceptual analysis of the terms, it is argued that both personal engagement and professional accountability are essential features of social work. Indeed, it is this negotiation of the creative tension between them that constitutes the subject matter and work of professional ethics. This requires a capacity and disposition for good judgement based in professional wisdom and a process of practical reasoning or ‘ethics work’ to find the right balance between closeness and distance, passion and rationality, empathic relationships and measurable social outcomes. It also requires a space for the exercise of pr...

74 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the Direct Selling Industry's code of ethics compliance with the Federal Sentencing Guidelines (FSG) has been examined and compared with other research in the Direct Sales Industry.
Abstract: Unethical conduct by salespeople contributes to loss to the bottom line directly through misuse of expense reports and indirectly through lost customers who are disenchanted with questionable business practices Self-regulation by industry has become an important strategy in improving the ethical environment of the industry as well as to establish standards that meet or exceed existing statutory or regulatory requirements Audits of industry regulatory programs provide a mechanism to uncover weaknesses, heighten awareness of the importance of ethics and allow for improvements to be made and risks reduced This study audits the Direct Selling Industry's code of ethics as it complies with the Federal Sentencing Guidelines (FSG) and establishes a benchmark against which subsequent ethics research in the Direct Selling Industry can be compared

73 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The paper reviews the literature published in selected OR journals, organizing it along the lines of OR’s core competences, and identifies a number of significant research programmes that are well established and are being energetically pursued.

68 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors examines the role of the media in the rise of nationalist populism in Finland and concludes that the traditional journalistic framework of agenda setting is not morally adequate for the new fragmented media environment.
Abstract: This article examines the role of the media in the rise of nationalist populism in Finland. The interplay between social media and mainstream media has facilitated the emergence of anti-immigrant agendas into the public debate, which has strengthened nationalist populist politics, despite mainstream journalism following professional ethics of balanced reporting. The article concludes that the traditional journalistic framework of agenda setting is not morally adequate for the new fragmented media environment. It proposes the ethics of hospitality (Derrida, Silverstone) with an emphasis on transnationalism as a moral goal for a multi-ethnic public sphere where everyone has the right to voice concerns and to be heard. Therefore, journalism ethics should address how public debate can be organized in such a way that the principle of hospitality can be achieved. The framework of agenda setting can allow inhospitable discourses to flourish, as the Finnish example shows. Theorisation of hospitality is connected with the need for transnational and cosmopolitan agendas.

67 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a roadmap for how to demonstrate flexibility and prudence when applying ethical principles in cultures with great transparency, and draw upon this wisdom when conceptualizing best online practices for the field that relate to social networking and personal online activity.
Abstract: Emerging trends online, and especially in social network sites, may be creating an environment for psychologists where transparency is increasingly unavoidable. Thus, most psychological practitioners may now have to engage in small world ethics—ethical acuity that requires an application of ethical principles to the increasingly interconnected and transparent world that is burgeoning from online culture. Fortunately, rural psychology has already provided a helpful roadmap for how to demonstrate flexibility and prudence when applying ethical principles in cultures with great transparency. Therefore, professional psychologists and psychologists in training may need to draw upon this wisdom when conceptualizing best online practices for the field that relate to social networking and personal online activity. To remain relevant, psychotherapy must adapt to the new digital culture but maintain its identity as a profession guided by its historical values and ethical principles.

66 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: This article found that women's ethical judgements are likely to differ from men's in ways that could enhance the ethical climate of sales organizations but may also cause controversy, suggesting that women entering sales have a distinctly different moral orientation from men.
Abstract: If the ratio of females to males in selling jobs continues to increase, will it change the ethics of the sales profession? Do women entering sales have a distinctly different moral orientation from men? This article reports on research that sought answers to these questions by examining the ethical standards and moral reasoning of a sample of young men and women college students preparing for business and sales careers. The findings suggest that women's ethical judgements are likely to differ from men's in ways that could enhance the ethical climate of sales organizations but may also cause controversy.

62 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated how affective characteristics, as defined in Bloom's taxonomy, were stimulated during debates that took place on a professional ethics module for first year computing undergraduates.
Abstract: A commonly used teaching method to promote student engagement is the classroom debate. This study evaluates how affective characteristics, as defined in Bloom’s taxonomy, were stimulated during debates that took place on a professional ethics module for first year computing undergraduates. The debates led to lively interactive group discussions with a high level of student engagement and participation. Data were collected from observations of affective characteristics during each debate. Results support the view that debating the ethics of familiar topics trigger affective characteristics and are beneficial in developing levels of student engagement, critical analysis, flexibility of thinking and motivation to learn. In relation to teaching professional ethics, stimulation of the affective domain plays an integral part in developing ethical sensitivity – an important component for moral development. The paper supports the inclusion of teaching strategies, which stimulate both the cognitive and the affecti...

52 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An explicit ethical consciousness among Danish physiotherapists in private practice seems to be needed, and a debate of how to understand and respect the individual physiotherapist's moral versus the ethics of the profession needs to be addressed.
Abstract: Background: An important aspect of physiotherapy professional autonomy is the ethical code of the profession, both collectively and for the individual member of the profession. The aim of this study is to explore and add additional insight into the nature and scope of ethical issues as they are understood and experienced by Danish physiotherapists in outpatient, private practice. Methods: A qualitative approach was chosen and semistructured interviews with 21 physiotherapists were carried out twice and analyzed, using a phenomenological hermeneutic framework. Results: One main theme emerged: The ideal of being beneficent toward the patient. Here, the ethical issues uncovered in the interviews were embedded in three code-groups: 1) ethical issues related to equality; 2) feeling obligated to do one's best; and 3) transgression of boundaries. Conclusions: In an ethical perspective, physiotherapy in private practice is on a trajectory toward increased professionalism. Physiotherapists in private practice have many reflections on ethics and these reflections are primarily based on individual common sense arguments and on deontological understandings. As physiotherapy by condition is characterized by asymmetrical power encounters where the parties are in close physical and emotional contact, practiced physiotherapy has many ethical issues embedded. Some physiotherapists meet these issues in a professional manner, but others meet them in unconscious or unprofessional ways. An explicit ethical consciousness among Danish physiotherapists in private practice seems to be needed. A debate of how to understand and respect the individual physiotherapist's moral versus the ethics of the profession needs to be addressed.

45 citations


Book
26 Sep 2013
TL;DR: In this article, the authors pose the research question of whether it would be desirable and feasible to articulate common ethical standards for advocates before international courts and tribunals, and argue that such standards are feasible through a coordinated process that involves carefully articulated principles by senior counsel with the involvement of national bar authorities and judges.
Abstract: This thesis poses the research question of whether it would be desirable and feasible to articulate common ethical standards for counsel. It conducts original research into the issues arising from the nascent process of professionalisation of advocacy before international courts and tribunals. Its methodology includes: historical narration, comparison between national standards, detailed examination of the procedures and practices of international courts and analysis of international codes of conduct. Its research sources include: national and international rules and cases, published secondary sources, interviews with judges and advocates and unpublished archival materials. The thesis first sets out the theoretical and historical framework in which the research question is situated. It defines key conceptual terms such as 'advocacy', 'professionalisation' and 'procedural integrity' in placing the problem of common ethical standards within the sociological context of the wider international judicial system. It describes the historical origins of advocacy, compares the ethics of major national jurisdictions and sets out the historical evolution of international advocacy. It then examines the procedural architectures and practical experiences of the International Court of Justice, European Court of Justice and International Criminal Court in a comparative study. In seeking to determine whether the articulation of common ethical standards would be desirable, it identifies areas of commonality and difference amongst three distinct international courts. Finally, it addresses the question of whether the professionalisation of advocacy through common ethical standards would be feasible. It considers the competence of international courts to prescribe and enforce such standards as well as early efforts to articulate common ethical standards. It analyses whether an international bar of centralised regulatory authority is feasible and the potential consequences of professionalisation. In answering its research question, the thesis argues that common ethical standards are both desirable and feasible. It suggests that the rationale for such standards is the protection of the integrity of judicial proceedings. It contends that such standards are feasible through a coordinated process that involves carefully articulated principles by senior counsel with the involvement of national bar authorities and judges.

40 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the recent introduction by the Australian government of standardised literacy testing, and raise questions about the impact of this reform on the professional ethics of English literacy teachers in primary and secondary schools.
Abstract: This article focuses on the recent introduction by the Australian government of standardised literacy testing, and raises questions about the impact of this reform on the professional ethics of English literacy teachers in primary and secondary schools. We draw on data collected as part of a major research project, involving interviews with teachers about their experiences of implementing standardised testing in Victoria and South Australia that focused on the changing nature of their work practices through the implementation of such tests. The paper traces the ways in which teachers' work is increasingly being mediated by standardised literacy testing to show how these teachers struggle with the tensions between state-wide mandates and a sense of responsibility towards their students. Through an analysis of research data collected in public schools, the paper challenges circumscribed understandings of ethical practice on the part of teachers as a matter of being publicly accountable through mechanisms like the publication of standardised test results. It invokes, instead, a situated notion of professional ethics as responsiveness to those around us. The paper argues the primacy of an ethic of care that cannot be measured, and which is enacted in resistance to the judgments made by standardised tests.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the role of dispositional variables (neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness) and academic honesty on business ethics perceptions and found that neuroticism and conscientiousity were positively related to more ethical perceptions in a work context, and academic honest partially mediated the relationship between conscientiousness and business ethics.
Abstract: Past research (Lawson, 2004; Nonis & Swift, 2001) has revealed a correlation between academic and business ethics. Using a sample survey, this study extends this inquiry by examining the role of dispositional variables (neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness) and academic honesty on business ethics perceptions. Results indicate that (1) neuroticism and conscientiousness were positively related to more ethical perceptions in a work context, and (2) academic honesty partially mediated the relationship between conscientiousness and business ethics. Implications to business practitioners and educators are discussed as well as directions for future research.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose that executive coaching involves an agency relation with specific moral duties that go beyond the usual standards of professional ethics, and that a focused understanding of the agency relationship can provide a needed ethical grounding and basis for moral thinking about executive coaching.
Abstract: In recent years executive coaching has become an important management development practice in many organizations. Executive coaching is a partnership between a management level client and a coach hired by an organization to assist the executive in becoming a more effective and successful manager. While executive coaching has become a frequent and important practice in organizations, there has been relatively little serious consideration of the complex ethical issues that arise for persons and organizations. This study proposes that executive coaching involves an agency relation with specific moral duties that go beyond the usual standards of professional ethics. Agency theory, and in particular a focused understanding of the agency relationship, can provide a needed ethical grounding and basis for moral thinking about executive coaching.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper describes a novel pedagogy of sustainability ethics that is based on noncooperative, game-theoretic problems that cause students to confront two salient questions: “What are my obligations to others?” and “ what am I willing to risk in my own well-being to meet those obligations?
Abstract: The wicked problems that constitute sustainability require students to learn a different set of ethical skills than is ordinarily required by professional ethics. The focus for sustainability ethics must be redirected towards: (1) reasoning rather than rules, and (2) groups rather than individuals. This need for a different skill set presents several pedagogical challenges to traditional programs of ethics education that emphasize abstraction and reflection at the expense of experimentation and experience. This paper describes a novel pedagogy of sustainability ethics that is based on noncooperative, game-theoretic problems that cause students to confront two salient questions: “What are my obligations to others?” and “What am I willing to risk in my own well-being to meet those obligations?” In comparison to traditional professional ethics education, the game-based pedagogy moves the learning experience from: passive to active, apathetic to emotionally invested, narratively closed to experimentally open, and from predictable to surprising. In the context of game play, where players must make decisions that can adversely impact classmates, students typically discover a significant gap between their moral aspirations and their moral actions. When the games are delivered sequentially as part of a full course in Sustainability Ethics, students may experience a moral identity crisis as they reflect upon the incongruity of their self-understanding and their behavior. Repeated play allows students to reconcile this discrepancy through group deliberation that coordinates individual decisions to achieve collective outcomes. It is our experience that students gradually progress through increased levels of group tacit knowledge as they encounter increasingly complex game situations.

Dissertation
01 Sep 2013
TL;DR: The thesis demonstrates that Middleton’s wide-ranging depiction of practitioners deconstructs the symbolic divisions between them, questions medical power, authority, and considers anxieties about the expansion of access to medical knowledge and tensions about medicine’'s status as a vocation or a trade.
Abstract: This thesis considers the depiction of medical practitioners in plays and selected pamphlets by Thomas Middleton and other playwrights in the period 1603-37. It directs attention to the dramatists’ representation of characters who prescribe and dispense medicine, contending that concerns which in previous criticism were focused on the sick body can also be explored in relation to the medical practitioner. It examines how dramatists use medicine as a framework within which to stage anxieties about the meaning of professionalism, the changing urban world, access to bodies and private space, the limits of medical knowledge, and the power and authority of medical professionals. The thesis situates the drama in relation to the early modern medical marketplace, paying special attention to licensing, treatments, the professionalisation of the physician and the impact of scientific change. The following subjects are treated: the divisions of the medical marketplace and licensing and regulatory structures; the limits of medical knowledge and the conflict between medicine and religion; physicians’ knowledge of poison and tensions between professional ethics and royal authority; the position of the quacksalver in the urban medical market and anxieties about medicine as a trade; the difference between the treatment of the body and the mind and the potentially curative power of theatre. The thesis concludes that Middleton’s consistent interest in medical practitioners is particularly representative of contemporary medical anxieties, whilst recognising that he was working within a cultural context which was strongly conditioned by medical anxieties. The thesis demonstrates that Middleton’s wide-ranging depiction of practitioners deconstructs the symbolic divisions between them, questions medical power, authority, and considers anxieties about the expansion of access to medical knowledge and tensions about medicine’s status as a vocation or a trade. The thesis further concludes that drama’s potential for cure is emphasized through the staging of treatments and cures.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Professional ethics are seen as normative, yet subject to cultural diversity, and the place of values is seen as a promising way forward, and a hybrid is proposed following the two-fold formula for codes of ethics advocated by the International Federation of Information Processing.
Abstract: It is the paper published as: Authors: Burmeister, Oliver K. Title: Achieving the goal of a global computing code of ethics through an international-localisation hybrid Journal Title: Ethical Space: The International Journal of Communication Ethics ISSN: 1742-0105 Year: 2013 Volume: 10 Issue: 4 Pages: 25-32 Abstract: Attempts to create a global computing code of ethics have failed repeatedly over the last 25 years. Some focused on professional ethics and others on common values across cultures. In this paper professional ethics are seen as normative, yet subject to cultural diversity, and the place of values is seen as a promising way forward. A hybrid is proposed following the two-fold formula for codes of ethics advocated by the International Federation of Information Processing. The international-localisation hybrid suggests that it is possible to achieve a common set of values, yet allow diversity through interpretations of acceptable professional behaviour. URLs: http://www.communication-ethics.net http://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/R/-?func=dbin-jumpfull&object_id=49701&local_base=GEN01-CSU01 Author Address: oburmeister@csu.edu.au

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a survey based on previous investigations was conducted (n = 1136) to examine the personal ethical perceptions of engineering students, and the survey measured how engineering students perceived their own ethical beliefs and how they perceived the ethical beliefs of their peers.
Abstract: Professional ethics instruction in engineering is commonly conducted by examining case studies in light of the code of conduct of a suitable professional body. Although graphical presentations of spectacular failures, sobering stories of the repercussions and the solid framework provided by the tenets of a code of ethics may leave a lasting impression, students generally gain their professional identity from relatives and colleagues. Their professional ethics tend to be mostly an extension of their personal ethics. Instruction on ethics generally serves only to reinforce students' inclination to act ethically and provides encouragement to act on these beliefs. In this study a survey based on previous investigations was conducted (n = 1136) to examine the personal ethical perceptions of engineering students. The survey measured how engineering students perceive their own ethical beliefs and how they perceive the ethical beliefs and actions of their peers. As a learning exercise, students were then challenged by examining their personal ethical beliefs in light of the professional ethics requirements of the Institute of Engineers Australia (IEAust) code of conduct. After familiarisation with the Engineers Australia code of ethics, students were also invited to comment regarding their beliefs regarding adherence to this code.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The evolution of ethical standards in social work, and conceptual frameworks for examining ethical issues, is among the most compelling developments in the history of the profession as mentioned in this paper, since the formal inauguration of social work in the late nineteenth century, the profession has moved from relatively simplistic and moralistic perspectives to conceptually rich analyses of ethical issues.
Abstract: The evolution of ethical standards in social work, and conceptual frameworks for examining ethical issues, is among the most compelling developments in the history of the profession. Since the formal inauguration of social work in the late nineteenth century, the profession has moved from relatively simplistic and moralistic perspectives to conceptually rich analyses of ethical issues and ethical guidelines. This article examines the evolution of social work ethics from the profession's earliest days and speculates about future challenges and directions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue for the incorporation of ethics into the coursework of culinary schools, utilizing the value chain analysis as a theoretical framework to explore and confront food ethics concerns.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to argue for the incorporation of ethics into the coursework of culinary schools, utilizing the value chain analysis as a theoretical framework to explore and confront food ethics concerns.Design/methodology/approach – Based on a review of the pertinent literature, this conceptual paper offers a theoretical framework whereby ethical issues relevant to the food industry can be tackled and then incorporated into the training of culinary professionals.Findings – To illustrate the usefulness of the suggested framework, the paper provides a systematic analysis of ethical concerns related to the production, distribution and consumption of food.Practical implications – Food ethics education is likely to have a positive impact on the credibility of the culinary arts' profession, at a time when there is a shift toward sustainability and ethical awareness; it is also likely to impact favorably on the opportunity of recruiting culinary professionals as agents of change regardin...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that physicians, in general, have not accepted the importance of social justice for professional ethics, and it is further argued that social justice does not belong among professional norms.
Abstract: Contemporary accounts of medical ethics and professionalism emphasize the importance of social justice as an ideal for physicians. This ideal is often specified as a commitment to attaining the universal availability of some level of health care, if not of other elements of a "decent minimum" standard of living. I observe that physicians, in general, have not accepted the importance of social justice for professional ethics, and I further argue that social justice does not belong among professional norms. Social justice is a norm of civic rather than professional life; professional groups may demand that their members conform to the requirements of citizenship but ought not to require civic virtues such as social justice. Nor should any such requirements foreclose reasonable disagreement as to the content of civic norms, as requiring adherence to common specifications of social justice would do. Demands for any given form of social justice among physicians are unlikely to bear fruit as medical education is powerless to produce this virtue.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the "dark side" of ethics and how it can be more effectively addressed when psychologists base their professional conduct on an integration of both personal and professional ethics.
Abstract: Ideally psychologists strive to act ethically within their professional roles. However, they are unlikely to achieve the highest standards of ethical behavior if they become overly legalistic or if they engage in behaviors that can be virtuous in a personal context but harmful in a professional relationship. Such problems may arise when some justify their less-than-optimal behavior based upon a skewed, unbalanced, or misguided notion of their ethical obligations. We discuss this “dark side” of ethics and how it can be more effectively addressed when psychologists base their professional conduct on an integration of both personal and professional ethics.

Journal ArticleDOI
25 Sep 2013-Thyroid
TL;DR: The clinical and professional ethics guidelines presented here are intended to provide clear guidance about specific, yet common, ethics dilemmas and questions that arise in this unique subspecialty of thyroidology.
Abstract: Avariety of medical professional societies have developed ethics practice guidelines or position statements regarding specific ethics issues (1–6). The Endocrine Society published its Code of Ethics for practice in 2001 (1); however, none of the practice guidelines are specific to thyroidology. In the field of thyroidology, specific clinical ethics issues arise in different clinical contexts. For example, autoimmune thyroid disease raises different clinical ethics issues compared with thyroid oncology. Within thyroid oncology, each type of thyroid cancer raises unique and distinct clinical ethics issues and dilemmas. For example, the clinical ethics dilemmas that present in hereditary medullary thyroid cancer surrounding genetic screening are not the same as in thyroid cancers that are not familial or do not yet have defined germline genetic markers. The dilemmas associated with poorly differentiated and aggressive thyroid cancers (such as anaplastic thyroid cancer) and raising end-of-life issues such as code status, existential suffering, and palliative care are not the same that present in well-differentiated thyroid cancers that respond well to treatment. In many cases, there is clinical disagreement over what constitutes beneficent care for patients. Additionally, new clinical ethics dilemmas are resulting from drug shortages (e.g., recombinant human thyrotropin), medical isotope shortages (e.g., I), as well as nuclear disasters where priority-setting guidelines for distributing potassium iodide are not in place or not identified. Despite the prevalence of clinical ethics dilemmas in thyroid disease, clinical ethics guidelines specific to the thyroid disease context have been notably absent. Clinical ethics expertise can provide morally sound frameworks for (i) the nuances and complexities of diagnosis and treatment, and (ii) allocation of resources in situations where the demand is greater than the supply. The field of thyroidology comprises both clinical ethics and research ethics issues; in both arenas, complex professional ethics and research integrity dilemmas may arise as funding for basic research shrinks, investigators move from clinical to corporate cultures, and competition for funding increases. Conflicts of interest are often poorly understood, which can range from financial to interprofessional conflicts of interest. The clinical and professional ethics guidelines presented here are intended to provide clear guidance about specific, yet common, ethics dilemmas and questions that arise in this unique subspecialty. These guidelines mainly address two groups of ethics dilemmas that are typically encountered by thyroidologists: clinical ethics dilemmas—those that arise in the patient care setting; and professional ethics dilemmas— those that revolve around disclosure of conflicts of interest and professional integrity. These guidelines also provide clear guidance on research ethics issues, such as when innovative therapy becomes ‘‘research,’’ the role of an institutional review board, as well as publication and data-sharing integrity issues. Finally, as enormous changes begin to take effect consequent to The Affordable Care Act (www.healthcare.gov/law/ index.html), thyroid practitioners find themselves in a new clinical landscape involving numerous resource allocation decisions. As aggressive, non-iodine-avid thyroid cancer continues to rise in incidence, more questions about end-oflife care, palliative care, or clinical trial candidacy have arisen. We offer these guidelines in recognition of this unique subspecialty that confronts wide clinical and research diversity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Issues of informed consent, confidentiality, and grievance procedures specifically are addressed and recommendations about how to manage this clinical scenario are offered, and what is needed to advance the understanding of integration ethics are highlighted.
Abstract: Health care in the United States is advancing toward increasingly integrated primary care systems. With this evolution comes a responsibility for providers to carefully consider a variety of issues related to ethical conduct. While working within the same teams on behalf of the same patients and families, professionals representing different disciplines are guided by different sets of baseline ethics guidelines and codes-and the overlap and differences between these principles can easily translate into ethical breaches. Using a clinical vignette as the basis for our discussion, we address issues of informed consent, confidentiality, and grievance procedures specifically. We review extant literature and formal ethics codes upheld by nine leading professional organizations across these foci, offer recommendations about how to manage this clinical scenario, and highlight what is needed to advance our understanding of integration ethics.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors explores the ethical burdens facing the economics profession which are associated with epistemic features of economic practice and argues that managing the ethical challenges requires a new field of inquiry, the field of professional economic ethics, and not just a code of conduct.
Abstract: This paper explores ethical burdens facing the economics profession which are associated with epistemic features of economic practice. Economists exert power over those they purport to serve by virtue of epistemic asymmetry between themselves and others, i.e., the intellectual monopoly they enjoy over a vitally important body of knowledge. But they also face the problem of epistemic insufficiency, which implies that they may do substantial harm as they try to do good. The paper explores the ethical entailments of the epistemic features of economics, and argues that managing the ethical challenges requires a new field of inquiry, the field of professional economic ethics, and not just a code of conduct.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Nurse educators' knowledge of the ethical principles of professional codes of ethics and educators' assessment of the implementation of principles of fairness and human respect are described and can be utilized to develop nurse educators' ethics education.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined client autonomy in euthanasia situations and its relationship to the clinical experience, religious values, and attitudes toward euthanasia of 83 mental health counseling students, concluding that counseling student religiosity and clinical experience were significant predictors of support for client autonomy.
Abstract: This analogue study examined client autonomy in euthanasia situations and its relationship to the clinical experience, religious values, and attitudes toward euthanasia of 83 mental health counseling students. Participants were much more supportive of client autonomy for a 77-year-old client than for a 25-year-old client seeking active euthanasia. No differences were found for passive euthanasia. Counseling student religiosity and clinical experience were significant predictors of support for client autonomy, with more religiosity and less clinical experience related to less support for the client's right to make this decision about ending life. These findings are discussed in light of professional ethics and the role of counselor values in working with clients.

Book
28 Apr 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the role of professional ethics in legal research and teaching, and their implications on professional ethics, legal research, and teaching in the field of law.
Abstract: Contents: Preface 1. Introduction 2. What do Lawyers do? 3. Law as Engineering 4. Implications (1) - Professional Ethics 5. Implications (2) - Legal Research and Teaching 6. Conclusion Bibliography Index

01 Mar 2013
TL;DR: In this article, a survey based on previous investigations was conducted (n = 1136) to examine the personal ethical perceptions of engineering students and measured how engineering students perceived their own ethical beliefs and how they perceived the ethical beliefs of their peers.
Abstract: Professional ethics instruction in engineering is commonly conducted by examining case studies in light of the code of conduct of a suitable professional body Although graphical presentations of spectacular failures, sobering stories of the repercussions and the solid framework provided by the tenets of a code of ethics may leave a lasting impression, students generally gain their professional identity from relatives and colleagues Their professional ethics tend to be mostly an extension of their personal ethics Instruction on ethics generally serves only to reinforce students' inclination to act ethically and provides encouragement to act on these beliefs In this study a survey based on previous investigations was conducted (n = 1136) to examine the personal ethical perceptions of engineering students The survey measured how engineering students perceive their own ethical beliefs and how they perceive the ethical beliefs and actions of their peers As a learning exercise, students were then challenged by examining their personal ethical beliefs in light of the professional ethics requirements of the Institute of Engineers Australia (IEAust) code of conduct After familiarisation with the Engineers Australia code of ethics, students were also invited to comment regarding their beliefs regarding adherence to this code

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The cardiac treatment of brain-dead donors may illuminate how treatment norms develop on the ground and thus can theoretically develop the understanding of the mechanisms associated with increasingly ‘aggressive organ harvesting’.
Abstract: Occasionally brain-dead organ donors go into cardiac arrest before reaching the operating theater In such cases, the needed resuscitation of the potential donor stimulates a range of concerns among the responsible staff If the intensive care unit staff are going to carry out the organ retrieval, they must rush in with demanding treatment measures such as defibrillation shock and cardiac massage that may break breast bones and make the donor vomit Such treatment measures conflict with widespread ideals of tranquility in donor care and yet they are currently under consideration in Danish intensive care units Why is this type of ‘aggressive organ harvesting’, as it is sometimes called, considered a likely development, even to the extent that the interviewed health professionals request a policy prescribing procurement measures they morally deplore? We suggest that to understand this change of treatment norms, we must move close to everyday work practices and appreciate the importance of material–technical treatment options as well as the interplay of professional ethics and identity The cardiac treatment of brain-dead donors may thereby illuminate how treatment norms develop on the ground and thus can theoretically develop our understanding of the mechanisms associated with increasingly ‘aggressive organ harvesting’